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INNOVATIONS
INNOVATIONS
INVENTORS
MARCONI
FESSENDEN
DE FROST
LEGAL BATTLES
BIRTH OF RCA
BIRTH OF RCA
BROADCASTINGS BEGINNINGS
ADVERTISING
Early broadcasters were:
1. radio and electronics manufacturers.
2. Newspaper publishers.
3. department stores.
ADVERTISING
ADVERTISING
RADIO NETWORKS
RADIO NETWORKS
RADIO NETWORKS
Radio networks forever changed American
society:
1. stimulated national advertising.
2. brought to rural areas entertainment
previously provided to urban areas.
3. they stimulated a national popular culture.
4. changed American politics as campaigns
became truly national in scope (Franklin
Roosevelt.)
RULES
RULES
RULES
GROWTH
GROWTH
year
Number
of
stations
Percenta
ge of
homes
with
radio
Numbers ads
of
employee
s
network
affiliates
1930
46%
6,000
$40 M
131
1950
618
2,867
95
52,000
506 M
1,104
1970
6,889
99
71,000
2010
14,420
99+
105,000
FM BROADCASTING
FM BROADCASTING
FM struggled for 20 years:
1. AM radio was doing fine.
2. RCA wanted to get a return on its
investment in AM rather than
developing a new competitor.
3. Sarnoff saw TV technology as more
important.
4. World War 2 intervened and halted its
development.
RADIO IMPACT
RADIO IMPACT
PROGRAMS
TELEVISION
TELEVISION
TELEVISION
FREEZE
FREEZE
The freeze thawed in 1952 when the FCC produced
the Six Report & Order:
1- a table of channel assignments was constructed,
structuring the provision of TV service to all parts of
USA.
2- to accommodate hundreds of applicants, FCC
opened up new channels in the ultra-high
frequency (UHF.)
3- The commission set standards regarding color TV.
4- 242 channels were set aside for noncommercial TV
stations.
FREEZE
Number of
stations
Percentage of
Number of
homes with TV employees
1950
98
9,000
1970
862
95
58,400
2010
1,782
99
205,000
NEW WRINKLES
NEW WRINKLES
NEW WRINKLES
Technology:
1- The slow but steady growth of cable TV began
to capture the attention of the broadcasting
industry.
UHF stations got a boost from cable to carry all of
the local stations in a market, to increase its
audience reach.
Communication satellites became more important
to TV, they maintained their position relative to a
point on earth and could serve as relays for
ground stations.
PUBLIC TV
NEW REGULATIONS
MERGERS
From 1975 to present mergers
reshaped the broadcasting landscape
with two main strategies:
1- diversification: branching out into
other business GE & Westinghouse.
2- vertical integration: expanding into
related businesses at different points in
the production process - Rupert
Murdochs News Corporation
MERGERS
PROGRAMMING
Prime-time continuing episode series, primetime soaps, such as Dynasty and Dallas.
The shift back to warm and wholesome family
situation comedy.
CNN began in 1980 and prompted the
broadcast networks to expand their own news
programming by adding late-night and earlymorning programs.
News programs flourished for economic
reasons, it cost less than sitcoms and dramas.
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
FM
CONSOLIDATION
RECENT TRENDS-ECONOMICS
RECENT TRENDS-ECONOMICS
RECENT TRENDS-TECHNOLOGY
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