ETHICS

Moral

principles or code
Rightness and wrongness

VALUES
Worth,

desirability
Qualities on which these depends
Standards of right and wrong

MORAL
Concerned

with character
Good, Virtuous

MORALITY
Degree

of conformity to morals
Principles, moral contacts

ETHOS
Characteristic

System

Spirit of Community or People or

ETHOS
Related

to the part of Psyche of the

Community.
Related to the behaviour of the individuals
within a community which is normal,
spontaneous and unplanned.
Results from the lessons, benefits and values
within the individuals.
It is an important factor for Managing.
Based on Customs and Traditions.

MANAGEMENT
Management is the process of
designing and maintaining an
environment in which
individuals, working together in
group, efficiently accomplish
selected aims (goals)

CULTURE
When a set of people live for a long period of time,
in a given geographical area, respecting certain
philosophical values and virtues of life-they acquire
certain traits and characteristics. This characteristic
way of life is called as their Culture.
Culture is the measuring rod of civilization. External
environment has little influence over the
established Culture. Culture can be inferred from
what people say, do and think.

PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy

is a school of thoughts.
It is a system for conduct of life.
It is linked with general causes and
principles.
It is pursuit of knowledge and wisdom
especially of ultimate Reality.

RELIGION
It

is a system of faith and worship.

It is belief in super-human controlling power
(God).
Philosophy is the theoretical aspect of religion.
Devotion and Ritualism are the practical
aspects of religion and lays down the spiritual
practices to be followed for realizing the
Reality.
Philosophy reinforces the Rituals and gives
them a meaning or purpose.
Rituals without the knowledge of Philosophy
can be termed Superstition.

Distinctive Characteristics of
Indian Ethos
Creator, Preserver and Destroyer is God (Brahman)
Macrocosm and Microcosm (Brahman and Atma)
Real and unreal
Existence-Consciousness-Bliss

Attributes of Brahman
Superimposition (Maya)
Ignorance
Self-Knowledge
Self-Realization
(Concept of the Family; Work is Value)

Different Religions
Hindu

Thoughts
-- Four Vedas
-- Most ancient : Rig Veda (Second
Millennium BC)
-- Upanishads (900-600 BC)

Major Religions
Hinduism
Judaism
Taoism
Jainism
Buddhism
Christianity
Islam
Zoroastrianis
m

Known Since
5000 BC
2200 BC
600 BC
599 BC
500 BC
BC (2007

In India
5000 BC
--599 BC
500 BC
52 AD

571 AD
632 AD

632 AD
716 AD

Years )

Some Terms
Secular
- Not Sacred, Concerned with the
world.
Atheism
- Belief that no God exists
Theism
- Believe in God-divine creation
conduct of the universe.
Atheistic Atheism
- Complete Atheists; no
belief in God & Vedas.
Atheistic theism - Accept a Supreme Truth but no
belief in God & Vedas (Tirthankar)
Theistic Atheism - Accept Supreme Truth and Vedas
but not Brahman.
Theistic Theism - Accept God, Vedas and Supreme
Truth.

affairs of the

and

Shad Darsanas (Six Schools of Philosophy)

Knowledge Possibilities

Secular

Spiritual

Atheistic

Theistic

Atheistic Atheism

Atheistic Theism

Materialism
(Charvaka) Buddhism (Buddha)

Jainism (Mahavira)

Theistic Atheism
Tarka Sastra
-Vaisheshika

Sankhya Philosophy
-Nir-Eswara (Kapila)
-Sa-Eswara (Patanjali)

-Nyaya

Theistic theism
Purva Mimamsa
(Jaimini)

Uttar Nimamsa
(Badrayana
Sankaracharya)

WHY STUDY IMTP

Management

is of people
People behave according to their ethos
Behaviour of people has to be
managed according to their ethos

Characteristics of Indian
Ethos
World

is a beautiful creation. Therefore

there must be an intelligent agent(called
Brahmn)
The ultimate principle is present in
everyone and is called Atma or soul
which is a spark of the universal soul
Human personality develops as a result
of meaningful interaction of body, mind
and spirit

 Human

beings evolve from lower state to

higher state i.e. tamasic to satvik
Every human being is divine
Therefore we should give more emphasis
on co-operation rather than competition
Basic unit of social life in India is family
Workplace is characterised by strong
informal values