Klasifikasi LLA berdasar FAB ( France, American,

British)

....

L-1 : sel limfoblas kecil serupa, kromatin homogen, anak

inti umumnya tidak tampak, sitoplasma sempit
L-2 : sel limfoblas lebih besar dg ukuran bervariasi,
kromatin lebih kasar dg satu atau lebih anak inti
L-3 : sel limfoblas besar, homogen dg kromatin berbercak,
banyak anak inti, sitoplasma basofilik, vakuolisasi

FAB Classification of ALL

L1: Small homogeneous blasts; mostly in
children
L2: Large heterogeneous blasts; mostly in
adults
L3: Burkitt large basophilic B-cell blasts
with vacuoles

Klasifikasi Leukemia Mieloblastik Akut (LMA) FAB

(1976)

M0 -- Undifferentiated AML
M1 -- AML without maturation
M2 -- AML with maturation
M3 -- Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
M4 -- Acute Meylomonocytic Leukemia
M5 -- Acute Monocytic Leukemia
M6 -- Erythroleukemia (DiGuglielmos)
M7 -- Megakaryoblastic Leukemia

Klasifikasi LMA (FAB 1976)

M-0 : LMA dengan diferensiasi minimal

M-1 : LMA tanpa maturasi
M-2 : LMA dengan maturasi
M-3 : leukemia promielositik hipergranular
M-4 : leukemia mielomonositik akut
M-5 : leukemia monositik akut
M-6 : leukemia eritroblastik
M-7 : leukemia megakarisitik akut

Leukemia
The Intimate Enemy
Brought to you by
The White Blood Cells
Aaron Allison
Wind Henderson
Stephanie Mookas
Vicmar Medina

Acute Myeloid
Leukemia cell

Leukemia..
Is the cancer of the white blood cells
(leukocytes)
Was named by Rudolf Virchow in
1887.

A healthy WBC

Hairy Cell Leukemia

(a chronic leukemia)

Mechanisms of the 4 primary classifications of

Leukemia
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia:
Results from an excess of lymphocytes, primarily in
children.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia:

Results from an excess of lymphocytes, primarily in adults.

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia:

Cancerous cells in the blood and bone marrow that reproduce
and spread rapidly.

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia:

A chromosomal defect produces an abnormal enzyme
triggering an overabundance of white blood cells.

Symptoms

Fever, chills, and other flu-like symptoms

Weakness and fatigue
Frequent infections
Loss of appetite and/or weight
Swollen lymph nodes, liver, or spleen

Symptoms

Headaches, vomiting, seizures

Confusion, loss of motor control
Swollen testicles
Bone or joint pain
Easy bleeding or briusing

Treatments

Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)
Biological therapy

Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells.
Most often given through an IV.
Drugs do not reach cells in the CNS due to the blood-brain barrier.
To reach leukemia cells in the CNS, must use intrathecal
chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy is given in cycles.
Side effects:
Healthy cells can be damaged (hair, blood cells, cells in digestive
tract).
May lower resistance to infection.
Loss of hair.
Mouth sores
Nausea
May also affect a patients fertility.

Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to damage cancer cells and
stop them from growing.
Used along with chemotherapy.
May be given in two ways:
To one specific area where there is a collection of leukemia cells.
Radiation that is directed at the whole body.
Side effects:
May become very tired.
Can cause skin to become itchy, tender, or dry.
May cause nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.
In treatment to the brain, side effects may be permanent.
Children my develop learning and coordination problems.

BMT
The patients leukemia-producing bone marrow is
destroyed by high doses of drugs and radiation then
replaced by healthy bone marrow.

Biological therapy
Involves treatment with substances that affect the
immune systems response to cancer
Interferon is a form of biological therapy that is used
against some types of Leukemia.

Whos at risk of developing

Leukemia?
Everyone
Men
Women
Children

New cases (2002)

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
3,800

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

7,000

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)

10,600

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)

4,400

Other unclassified forms of Leukemia

5,000

Risk Factors
Exposure to benzene in the workplace.
Exposure to extraordinary doses of
irradiation.

Present Statistics
About 170,000 people within the U.S.
living with Leukemia
About 21,700 deaths within the U.S. will be
attributed to Leukemia.

Survival Rates

Mortality rates 2002

12,100 males
9,600 females
Total 21,700
672 children