ENGLISH-WRITING 3

Chapter 5: Narrative 1
Maulida Mazaya

Universitas
Terbuka
Korea Selatan

 Tells a story which focuses on an event (or a series of events) in the past.

Fiction
al or
factual

Tells
a
story

Main
point
or
thesis

A narrative
Chronological
order

Have
a
focus

Organizing your essay in a way that leads up to the main point or event.

1. List the
events

2. Put the
events in
order
3. Add
details and
specific
information

- Think about the story you want to tell.

- If possible, narrow your focus.
- Make a list of all the things that happened.
- Read through the list and see if you want to add other
events.
- At this point you should have some ideas of the focus
of your essay.
- Go through your list and cross out any irrelevant
events which.
- Now, put numbers next to all the events in the order
they
- Oneoccurred.
paragraph for each of those events you have
listed.
- Give details for each of the items on your list.
- Be sure to include what things looked like and what
people said.

OBJECTIVES
You are expected to be able to:
Write compositions based on experiences
Write short stories
Write circular stories

1 WRITING EXPERIENCES
Grammar: Reported Speech

Writing Experiences
Needs a
strong
plan

Conclusi
on

Usually written in the first

Have
one
point

person, however, third

person can also be used.
Points you need to remember:
Choose one experience you
remember best.
Write a general statement.
Give sufficient details.
State a conclusion.

A
strong
plan

Have
one
point

Concl
u-sion

GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH

- My mother told me, You have

Reported speech is used to repeat
to work harder at school, or
the exact words that somebody said.
youll fail.
- My mother told me that I had
to work harder or that I would
fail.
Rules for Forming Reported Speech
1. When reporting a statement, we generally use that.

- Shirley said that she was

hungry and that she wanted to
eat soon.
- George told me that he had
never been to Iraq but that he
wanted to go.

NO
COMMA

2. When reporting a question,

we use if for yes/no questions or the
appropriate question words (5w+1h) for
information questions.

3a. The following verbs must be used

with an indirect object:
told, informed, reminded

- Mom asked me if I
was going to the
party.
- Fred asked me when I
would call him.
- He told me that he
was hungry.
- We informed her that
the store was closed.
- He reminded the
staff that the
meeting was at 8 PM.

3b. The following verbs may be used with an

indirect object, but the indirect object is
optional:
asked, answered, promised

3c. The following verbs need to before the

indirect object. For any verb that needs to before
the indirect object, the indirect object is optional:
said, explained, exclaimed, complained

- I asked [her] where

her father was.
- He answered [me]
that he couldnt
help.
- Jade promised [him]
- that
Marvin
[tostay.
his
shesaid
would
wife] that he was
late.
- We explained [to
her] why he had
been so serious.
- Pam exclaimed [to
the boy] that she
was furious.
- The students
complained [to us]
that the room was

4. In English we report commands, orders, requests and

suggestions to other people in a five-part format:

Rules for Reporting

Questions
5a. The normal form for asking
a direct question is [W] X S V:

5b. In reported speech, a question is reported with the order W S [X] V.

Expressions that Change in

Reported Speech

6. Certain expressions must change in the reported form of speech:

Tense Harmony or Sequencing

2 SHORT STORIES
Grammar: Past Tense
A
legen
d
experienc
es

A
fabricate
d story

GRAMMAR: PAST TENSE

Regular verb in the Past

Tense
Regular verbs in the past
tense take an ed or d
ending:
Irregular verb in the
Past Tense
Irregular verbs do not take
an
ed or d ending in the
past but change internally

3 CIRCULAR STORIES
Grammar: Capital Letters

Circular stories begin and end

with the same sentence.

1. Capitalize the first word in every

sentence.

4. Capitalize the names of persons.

5. Capitalize geographical names.

2. Capitalize the pronoun I.

3. Capitalize proper nouns.
6. Capitalize names of organizations, business
firms, institutions, and government bodies.

7. Capitalize special events and

calendar items.
8. Capitalize the names of nationalities,
races and religions.
9. Capitalize the brand names of
business products.
10. Capitalize the names of ship, planets,
monuments, awards, and any other places,
things, or events.