WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

We will discuss about;

 What is Wireless
 Devices commonly use
 Practical purposes
 Types of wireless
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TECHNOLOGY

 The term wireless technology is generally used

for mobile IT equipment.

 It encompasses cellular telephones, personal

digital assistants (PDA's), and wireless
networking.
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TECHNOLOGY
 Other examples of wireless technology include
GPS units, garage door openers and or garage
doors, wireless computer mice and keyboards,
satellite television and cordless telephones.
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What is Wireless?

 Wireless networking technologies range from

global voice and data networks, which allow users
to establish wireless connections across long
distances, to infrared light and radio
frequency technologies that are optimized for
short-range wireless connections.
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 While the term wireless network may technically
be used to refer to any type of network that is
wireless, the term is most commonly use to refer to
a telecommunications network whose
interconnections between nodes is implemented
without the use of wires, such as a
computer network
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 Wireless telecommunications networks are
generally implemented with some type of
information transmission system that uses
electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, for
the carrier
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Wireless communication involves

 radio frequency communication.

 microwave communication, for example long-

range line-of-sight via highly directional antennas,
or short-range communication.

 Infra-red
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Wireless communication involves

 infrared (IR) short-range communication, for

example from remote controls or via IRDA
(Infrared Data Association) .

 Applications may involve point-to-point

communication, point-to-multipoint
communication, broadcasting , cellular networks
and other wireless networks.
 Infra Red
Communication
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 Devices commonly use wireless networking
technologies: portable computers, desktop
computers, hand-held computers, personal
digital assistants (PDA), cellular phones, tablet
PC & pagers.
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The practical purposes

 mobile users can use their cellular phone to

access e-mail

 Travelers with portable computers can connect to

the Internet through base stations installed in
airports, railway stations, and other public
locations

 Surf the –NET @ WiFi UTM

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The practical purposes

 At home, users can connect devices on their

desktop to synchronize data and transfer files.
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Type of Wireless Network

 Wireless wide area networks (WWANs)
 Wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs)
 Wireless local area networks (WLANs)
 Wireless personal area networks (WPANs) –
Bluetooth & Infrared
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Type of Wireless Network : WWAN
 WWAN technologies enable users to establish
wireless connections over remote public or private
networks.
 These connections can be maintained over large
geographical areas, such as cities or countries,
through the use of multiple antenna sites or
satellite systems maintained by wireless service
providers.
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Type of Wireless Network : WMAN
 WMAN technologies enable users to establish
wireless connections between multiple locations
within a metropolitan area (for example, between
multiple office buildings in a city or on a university
campus), without the high cost of laying fiber or
copper cabling and leasing lines
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Type of Wireless Network : WLAN
 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) are
implemented as an extension to wired
LANs within a building and can provide the
final few meters of connectivity between a
wired network and the mobile user.
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Type of Wireless Network : WLAN

 WLAN technologies enable users to establish

wireless connections within a local area (for
example, within a corporate or campus
building, or in a public space, such as an
airport).
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Type of Wireless Network : WLAN

 WLANs can be used in temporary offices or

other spaces where the installation of
extensive cabling would be prohibitive, or to
supplement an existing LAN so that users can
work at different locations within a building at
different times.
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Type of Wireless Network : WPAN

 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

 WPAN technologies enable users to

establish ad hoc, wireless communications
for devices (such as PDAs, cellular
phones, or laptops) that are used within
WPAN range.

 WPAN is the space surrounding a person,

up to a distance of 10 meters.
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Application

 Voice and messaging,

 Hand-held and other Internet-enabled

devices

 Data Networking.
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Voice and messaging

 Cell phones, pagers.

 analog or digital standards
• The analog standard is the Advanced Mobile
Phone Service (AMPS).
• Digital standards are Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM), Time Division Multiple
Access (TDMA), or Code Division Multiple
Access (CDMA).
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 Hand-held and other Internet-enabled devices

 Internet-enabled cell phones and Personal Digital

Assistants (PDA) can connect to the Internet
across a digital wireless network

 Uses Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) & WML

(Wireless Markup Language)
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 Hand-held and other Internet-enabled devices

 The majority of current Internet content is not

optimized for these devices; presently, only email,
stock quotes, news, messages, and simple
transaction-oriented services are available.
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 Other limitations include low bandwidth (less than

14 Kbps), low quality of service, high cost, the
need for additional equipment, and high utilization
of devices' battery power.

 Nevertheless, this type of wireless technology is

growing rapidly with better and more
interoperable products.
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 Application : Data Networking.

 wireless local area networks (WLANs) broadband

wireless.

 Bluetooth
 WIRELESS Fidelity

 Wi-Fi is a brand originally licensed by the

Wi-Fi Alliance to describe the underlying technology
of wireless local area networks (WLAN) based on
the IEEE 802.11x specifications.
 Wi-Fi

 It was developed to be used for mobile computing

devices, such as laptops, in LANs, but is now
increasingly used for more services, including
Internet and VoIP phone access, gaming, and basic
connectivity of consumer electronics such as
televisions and DVD players, or digital cameras
 Bluetooth
 Bluetooth is an industrial specification for wireless
personal area networks (WPANs).
 Bluetooth
 Bluetooth provides a way to connect and exchange
information between devices such as
mobile phones, laptops, PCs, printers,
digital cameras and video game consoles over a
secure, globally unlicensed short-range
radio frequency.

 The Bluetooth specifications are developed and

licensed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group
(Bluetooth SIG®).
 Bluetooth

 Bluetooth is in a variety of new products such as

phones, printers, modems, and headsets

 Bluetooth is acceptable for situations when two or

more devices are in proximity to each other and
don't require high bandwidth.
 Bluetooth

 Bluetooth is most commonly used with phones

and hand-held computing devices, either using a
Bluetooth headset or transferring files from
phones/PDAs to computers.
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Bluetooth

 Bluetooth also simplified the discovery and setup

of services. Wi-Fi is more analogous to the
traditional Ethernet network and requires
configuration to set up shared resources, transmit
files, set up audio links (for example, headsets
and hands-free devices)
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Bluetooth

 Whereas Bluetooth devices advertise all services

they actually provide; this makes the utility of the
service that much more accessible, without the
need to worry about network addresses,
permissions and all the other considerations that
go with typical networks.
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Wi-Fi  Wireless Fidelity

 Wi-Fi uses the same radio frequencies as

Bluetooth, but with higher power consumption
resulting in a stronger connection.

 As mentioned earlier, Wi-Fi is sometimes, but

rarely, called "wireless Ethernet." Although this
description is inaccurate, it provides an indication
of Wi-Fi's relative strengths and weaknesses.
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Wi-Fi

 Wi-Fi requires more setup, but is better suited for

operating full-scale networks because it enables a
faster connection, better range from the base
station, and better security than Bluetooth
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Wi-Fi

 One method for comparing the efficiency of

wireless transmission protocols such as Bluetooth
and Wi-Fi is spatial capacity, or bits per second
per square meter.
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 Broadband wireless access is a technology aimed at

providing high-speed wireless access over a wide
area from devices such as personal computers to
data networks.

 According to the 802.16-2004 standard, broadband

means 'having instantaneous bandwidth greater
than around 1 MHz and supporting data rates
greater than about 1.5 Mbit/s'.
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 It is planned to be used in the next few years and is

estimated to have a range of 50km (30 miles).
(for this range, please consider using of antenna)
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Cellular systems

 PCN – 900MHz
 GSM – 1800MHz
 1G
 2G
 3G
 4G
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Wireless local area networks (WLANs)
 WLANs are based on the IEEE 802.11 standard
 There are three physical layers for WLANs: two
radio frequency specifications (RF - direct sequence
and frequency hopping spread spectrum) and one
infrared (IR)
 Most WLANs operate in the 2.4 GHz license-free
frequency band and have throughput rates up to 2
Mbps.
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Wireless local area networks (WLANs)

 The new 802.11b standard is direct sequence only,

and provides throughput rates up to 11 Mbps.
 Currently the predominant standard, it is widely
supported by vendors such as Cisco, Lucent, Apple,
etc.
 By the middle of 2002, a new standard, 802.11a,
will operate in the 5 GHz license-free frequency
band and is expected to provide throughput rates
up to 54 Mbps.
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Wireless local area networks (WLANs)
 WLAN configurations vary from simple,
independent, peer-to-peer connections between a
set of PCs, to more complex, intra-building
infrastructure networks.
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Wireless local area networks (WLANs)

 WLAN configurations vary from simple,

independent, peer-to-peer connections between a
set of PCs, to more complex, intra-building
infrastructure networks
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Wireless local area networks (WLANs)

Wireless solutions :

 A point-to-point solution is used to bridge between

two local area networks, and to provide an
alternative to cable between two geographically
distant locations (up to 30 miles).
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Wireless local area networks (WLANs)

Wireless solutions :
 Point-to-multi-point solutions connect
several, separate locations to one single
location or building.
 Both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint
can be based on the 802.11b standard or on
more costly infrared-based solutions that can
provide throughput rates up to 622 Mbps
 RANGKAIAN TANPA WAYAR
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WLAN : Two basic components for WLAN
infrastructure configuration:

 1. Access Points - An access point/base station

connects to a LAN by means of Ethernet cable.
Usually installed in the ceiling, access points
receive, buffer, and transmit data between the
WLAN and the wired network infrastructure.
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WLAN : Two basic components for WLAN
infrastructure configuration:

 Access Points - A single access point

supports on average twenty users and has
a coverage varying from 20 meters in areas
with obstacles (walls, stairways, elevators)
and up to 100 meters in areas with clear
line of sight.
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WLAN : Two basic components for WLAN
infrastructure configuration:

 A single access point supports on average

twenty users and has a coverage varying
from 20 meters in areas with obstacles
(walls, stairways, elevators) and up to 100
meters in areas with clear line of sight.
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WLAN : Two basic components for WLAN
infrastructure configuration:

 A building may require several access

points to provide complete coverage and
allow users to roam seamlessly between
access points.
 RANGKAIAN TANPA WAYAR
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WLAN : Two basic components for WLAN
infrastructure configuration:

 Wireless Client Adapter - A wireless

adapter connects users via an access point
to the rest of the LAN.
A wireless adapter can be a PC card in a
laptop, an ISA or PCI adapter in a desktop
computer, or can be fully integrated within
a handheld device.
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WLAN :

 Broadband wireless.
 Bluetooth
Name Frequency Data Advantages Disadvantages
Streaming

IEEE 802.11 2.4Ghz 1–2 New standard for Limitation on

(1997) WLAN data streaming
Mbps
IEEE 802.11a 5 Ghz 54 Mbps Accessible on Need more AP
(1999) Quantity

IEEE 802.11b 2.4 Ghz 11 Mbps Reliable cost ???

(1999)

IEEE 802.11g 2.4 Ghz 54 Mbps Highly streaming

(2003)