Science Form 5

Topic 1 Microorganisms And

Their Effects On Living Things

1.1 Understanding the classification

of microorganisms

Topic 1 Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things

Science Form 5

Understanding The Classification Of Microorganisms

Understanding the classification of microorganisms
A microorganism is an organism that is microscopic and is invisible to the naked eye.
Microorganisms are classified based on their
Size
Structure
Method of Nutrition
Autotrophic

: Make own food ( Contain chloroplast to synthesis

own food through photosynthesis)

Parasitic

: Feed on the cells of other living things

Saprophytic

: Feed on dead organisms

Habitat
Method of reproduction

Science Form 5

Topic 1 Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things

Understanding The Classification Of Microorganisms

Classification of microorganisms
Fungi

Classification of
microorganisms
Algae

Virus

Protozoa

Bacteria

Science Form 5

Topic 1 Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things

Understanding The Classification Of Microorganisms

Bacteria

Glycogen granules

Nucleus material (DNA)

Flagellum

Capsule

Cell wall
Cytoplasm

Science Form 5

Topic 1 Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things

Understanding The Classification Of Microorganisms

Shapes of bacteria

Spiral

Comma

Spherical

Rod

Topic 1 Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things

Science Form 5

Understanding The Classification Of Microorganisms

Characteristics of bacteria
Unicell
Size : 0.5 m 10 m
Method of reproduction : Binary fission
Shapes : Spherical, rod, spiral, comma
Habitat : Wet places, soil, air, plants and animals
Structure : Capsule, cytoplasm, flagella, cell wall, nucleoid, ribosomes.
Nutrition : Parasites, saprophytes, autotrophic
When condition unsuitable, some bacteria formed spore

Science Form 5

Topic 1 Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things

Understanding The Classification Of Microorganisms

Reproduction Of Bacteria By Binary Fission

Bacteria cell grows

Genetic material in
nucleus is copied

Two identical cell pulls apart

Genetic material pull

apart

Cell pinches off

Science Form 5

Topic 1 Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things

Understanding The Classification Of Microorganisms

Fungi

Cell wall (Chitin)

Sporangium

Spores
Bread

Nucleus
Buds
Cell
membrane

Vacuole
Mycelium

Cytoplasm
Glycogen granule

Yeast

Hypha
Mucor

Topic 1 Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things

Understanding The Classification Of Microorganisms

Characteristics of fungi
Unicell yeast
Multicell mucor
Size : 10 m 100 m
Method of reproduction : Spores(mucor) and budding (yeast)
Habitat : Wet and dark places
Nutrition : Saprophytism, parasitism

Science Form 5

Science Form 5

Topic 1 Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things

Understanding The Classification Of Microorganisms

Protozoa
Pseudopodium
Micronucleus
Nucleus

Food
vacuole

Oral
groove

Endoplasm
Plasma
membrane

Contractile
vacuole
Ectoplasm

Food vacuole

Macronucleus
Cilia
Contractile
vacuole

Topic 1 Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things

Understanding The Classification Of Microorganisms

Characteristics of protozoa
Unicell
Size : 5 m 250 m
Method of reproduction : Binary fission (amoeba) and
conjugation (paramecium)
Shapes : spherical, oval, round, spindle-shaped and irregular
Habitat : water and soil
Nutrition : Parasites, saprophytes, autotrophic

Science Form 5

Science Form 5

Topic 1 Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things

Understanding The Classification Of Microorganisms

Virus

Tadpole shape
Bacteriophage

Rod shape
Tobacco mosaic

Spherical shape
Poliomyelietis

Spherical shape
AIDS

Topic 1 Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things

Science Form 5

Understanding The Classification Of Microorganisms

Characteristics of virus
Smallest microorganisms
Size : 0.02 m 0.4 m
Method of reproduction : Reproduce in living cell so called as a host
Shapes : Spherical,rod and tadpole
Habitat : Living cells
Nutrition : Parasites

Science Form 5

Topic 1 Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things

Understanding The Classification Of Microorganisms

How a virus reproduces in a host cell
Stage 1
A virus attached itself to a host
cell such as a bacterial cell and
injects its genetic material (DNA) into
the host cell.

Stage 3
New viruses are formed.

Stage 2
The genetic material of the virus
uses the material in the host cell
to reproduce.

Stage 4
The new viruses burst the host
cell and release themselves. The
burst host cell dies.

Science Form 5

Topic 1 Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things

Understanding The Classification Of Microorganisms

Algae

Round shape
Chlamydomonas

Filamentous shape
Spirogyra

Oval shape
Phytoplankton

Round shape
Pleurococcus

Topic 1 Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things

Science Form 5

Understanding The Classification Of Microorganisms

Characteristics of algae
Simple aquatic plants that make their own food through photosynthesis
Size : 1 m 10 000 m
Method of reproduction : Binary fission, spores formation,
fragmentation and conjugation
Shapes : Round, filamentous, oval.
Habitat : Fresh water, wet soil and trees.
Nutrition : Autotrophic

Science Form 5

Topic 1 Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things

Understanding The Classification Of Microorganisms

Summary of the characteristics of microorganisms

Size
Habitat
Reproduction Binary fission
Conjugation
Spores

Nutrition

Fragmentation
Budding
Living cells
Autotrophic
Parasitic
Saprophytic

Algae

Protozoa

Fungi

Bacteria

1m
10000m
Fresh water
tree
damp soil

5m250m

10m100m

Water
soil

wet/dark
places

0.5m
10m
soil, air
plant
animal

Virus
0.02m0.4m
Living
cells

The End