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TRN-1998-004
Heat Transfer
G1
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
Outline
Introduction
Modes of heat transfer
Typical design problems
Coupling of fluid flow and heat transfer
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
G2
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
Introduction
G3
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
qconvection
qradiation
qconduction
G4
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
To determine:
G5
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
G6
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
G7
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
Fouriers Law
T T
Q
q kT k
A
x y
units for q
are W/m2
temperature profile
dT
dx
1
hot wall
cold wall
x
G8
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
heat conduction
out
heat generation
we get:
T
c
k2T q
t
rate of change
of temperature
k
thermal diffusivity
c
G9
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
Boundary Conditions
T = 300K
specified temperature
Dirichlet condition
Tbody
G10
q = h(Tamb-Tbody)
external heat transfer
coefficient
Robin condition
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
Conduction Example
Compute the heat transfer through the wall of a home:
Tout = 20 F
Tout = 68 F
Although slight, you
can see the thermal
bridging effect
through the studs
2x6 stud
k=0.15 W/m2-K
sheetrock
k=0.4 W/m2-K
shingles
k=0.15 W/m2-K
fiberglas insulation
sheathing
k=0.004 W/m2-K
k=0.15 W/m2-K
G11
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
flow over a
heated block
G12
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
q
Tbody
q h (Tbody T ) h T
h
G13
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
Natural convection
1
4
h T , h T
Typical values of h:
Thot
4 - 4,000 W/m2-K
Forced convection
h const
Tcold
Tcold
Thot
80 - 75,000
Boiling convection
h T
G14
Tcold
Thot
300 - 900,000
Fluent Inc. 03/27/15
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
velocity boundary
layer edge
y
T , U
T ( y)
Tw
G15
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
Nusselt Number
Equate the heat conducted from the wall to the same heat transfer in
convective terms:
conductivity
of the fluid
T
kf
h(Tw T )
y
Tw T
T
Tw T
y
y
L
Tw T
Tw T hL Nu
kf
y
L
G16
Nusselt number
dimensionless heat
transfer coefficient
Fluent Inc. 03/27/15
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
Energy Equation
T
c
u T k2T q
t
distribution
T T
T T y
w
G17
y 0
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
c
Pr
momentum diffusivity
thermal diffusivity
G18
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
Convection Examples
Tw
T
T
Tw
Tw
Tw
Tw
x
Fluent Inc. 03/27/15
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
Convection Examples
(T )
( ) g
gravity
T ,
G20
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
G21
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
Surface Characteristics
q W/m2
(incident energy flux)
q (reflected)
q (absorbed)
translucent slab
q (transmitted)
1
absorptance
transmittance
reflectance
G22
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
A black body:
q T4
G23
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
Real Bodies
q T 4
emissivity (between 0 and 1)
Qnet A (Tw4 T4 )
Qnet
G24
T
q
qw
Tw
A
Fluent Inc. 03/27/15
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
G25
Fluids Review
TRN-1998-004
The fluid flow and heat transfer problems can be tightly coupled
conduction
convection
radiation
through the convection term in the energy equation
when properties (, ) are dependent on temperature
G26