BIOPROCESS

PRINCIPLES
Stages in an Industrial
Bioprocess

Stages for an Industrial microbial

Fermentation Process

Strain selection
Laboratory process development
Pilot Scale up
Industrial Scale up
Fermentation Media Preperation
Downstream process development
Product packaging techniques
Other Commercial consideration
Waste Disposal
March 26, 2015

Stages in an Industrial
Bioprocess

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Stages in an Industrial
Bioprocess

An Ideal STRAIN
Genetic Stability
Efficient production of target product
Limited need for vitamins and growth

factors
Utilization of wide range of low cost
substrates
Safety, GRAS
Ready harvesting
Limited by products production
Easy genetic amenability
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Stages in an Industrial
Bioprocess

Strain Selection

How?
Purchase

from Culture Collections

Screening of nature ,
circumstances
Genetic engineering
Mutations
Cell biology techniques
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Stages in an Industrial
Bioprocess

International Culture Collections

Strains can be purchased from Culture Center

March 26, 2015

Stages in an Industrial
Bioprocess

Screening of nature circumstances

March 26, 2015

Stages in an Industrial
Bioprocess

Screening
What is screening?

Primary Screening
Secondary Screening

ENRICHMENT : Anearobes in N2
Atmospheres, Acidophiles in Extreme pH
values (2-4)
TEST SYTEMS: For Amylases the test
system would be agar plates with starch,
selection of colonies after staining with
iodine

March 26, 2015

Stages in an Industrial
Bioprocess

Strain Isolation SCHEME

Soil or water sample is suspended in a

definite amount of sterile water and

agitated
The supernatant is diluted 10-1 10-10
Samples from this dilution are placed
on culture media and then incubated
Single colonies from the plates are
picked and purified by restreaking
Pure strains are maintained as agar
cultures in test tubes
March 26, 2015

Stages in an Industrial
Bioprocess

Genetic
Engineering
Incorporation
into
artificial plasmids of
genes from a wide
variety of sources has
made possible the
transfer of genetic
material
across
virtually any species
barrier.

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Various high value

added products hav
been produced from
the
Genetic enginee
Stages in an Industrial
Bioprocess
methods

Mutation
Via chemical
or physical,
and biological
means

March 26, 2015

Stages in an Industrial
Bioprocess

Cell Biology Techniques

Protoplast fusion
(promote high frequencies of genetic
recombinants)
Removing the cell wall with lytic
enzymes in the presence of osmotic
stabilizers.
In the presence of fusogenic agent
such as polyethylene glycol (PEG),
protoplasts are induced to fuse and
form transient hybrids or diploids.

March 26, 2015

Stages in an Industrial
Bioprocess

Scale Up

Shake flash Experiments

Lab scale fermentor (5-10 L)
Pilot scale fermentor (300-3000 L)
Commercial fermentor (10,000-500,000

L)

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Stages in an Industrial
Bioprocess

A Traditional Bioprocess ( Yeast)

March 26, 2015

Stages in an Industrial
Bioprocess

F&I10

Traditional Bioprocess
DSP of Yeast Biomass
collect cells
wash cells
dewater cells
achieve desired consistency
package
store until shipped

DSP of cellular products Entails:

removal of biomass from culture medium,
concentration and purification of product from spent
medium
harvesting + fractionation of biomass to recover
product,
separation from cell debris,
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Stages in concentration
an Industrial
Bioprocess
& purification of product

A Typical Bioprocess Flow Sheet

March 26, 2015

Stages in an Industrial
Bioprocess