3D Transformations

3D Transformations

extended from two-dimensional methods.

z coordinate considerations.

translation
specifying a three-dimensional translation vector
determines how much the object is to be moved
in each of the three coordinate directions.

Scaling
three coordinate scaling factors.

Rotation
2D - rotations about axes that were
perpendicular to the xy plane.
3D - select any spatial orientation for the
rotation axis.

Translation 3D
x x d x
y y d y
z z d z

1 0 0 dx
0 1 0 d
y

*
0 0 1 dz

0 0 0 1

x
y

T (d x , d y , d z ) * P

x dx
yd
y

z dz

P
3

Scaling 3D
x s x * x
y s y * y
Original

z sz * z

scale Y axis

* P

S (sx , s y , sz )

sy
0

0
sz

0
0

scale all axes

sx
0

x x * sx
y y * s
y

z z * sz
4
1 1

Rotation 3D
Rotation about z-axis:

For 3D-Rotation 2
parameters are needed
Angle of rotation
Axis of rotation
x`=x cos y sin
y`=x sin + y cos
z`= z

R ,k

* P

sin
cos
0

0 0
1 0

0 1

cos
sin

0 0

x x * cos y * sin
y x * sin y * cos

*
z

1
1

Rotation about Y-axis & Xaxis

About y-axis
R , j
Cyclic

Permutation
X y z x cos 0 sin
0
1
0

sin 0 cos

0
0
0
About x-axis

0
1
0 cos

0 sin

0
0

0
0

* P

x
y

z

1

x * cos z * sin

x * sin z * cos

R , i

* P

0
sin
cos
0

0 x
x

0 y y * cos z * sin
*

0 z y * sin z * cos

1 1
1

General Three Dimensional Rotations

Rotation axis parallel with coordinate axis

(Example x axis):

P T

R x ( ) T P

General Three Dimensional Rotations

An arbitrary axis (with the rotation axis projected

onto the Z axis):

R () T 1 R x 1 ( ) R y1 ( ) R z () R y ( ) R x ( ) T

VISUALIZATION OF DATA
SETS
scientific visualization
use of graphical methods as an aid in scientific
and engineering analysis.
Visualization of data sets and processes
may be difficult or impossible to analyze without
graphical methods.
output of high-volume data sources.
supercomputers, satellite and spacecraft scanners,
radio-astronomy telescopes, and medical scanners.

Business visualization
Data set Classification
according to their spatial distribution and data
type.(2D and 3D data sets).
Data types - scalars, vectors, tensors, and
multivariate data.

Visual Representations for Scalar

Fields
A scalar quantity is one that has a single
value.
energy, density, mass, temperature, pressure etc.

common method for visualizing a scalar data

set
use graphs or charts that show the distribution of
data values as a function of other parameters.

Pseudo-color methods
color-coding techniques.
some color combinations can lead to
misinterpretations of the data.

Scalar field representation

(Contd.)
Contour plots
used to display isolines.
lines of constant scalar value.