Choithram School North Campus

So. Science

FA - 1
Disaster

Submitted
Submitted by
to
-Manan Jain
- Our So.
Science Class IX [old class VIII ACDC
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

this project I would like to thank my So. Scien

achers Rita mam & Vivek Sir as they had prov
a lot of efforts . I would also like to thank our
ncipal MRS. Nalini S.V. Pathak as she gave us
den opportunity to show our talent. I would a
to thank my parents as they provided me wi
the necessary materials
eded for the project.
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DISASTER &
MANAGEMENT
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What is a DISASTER?
Dictionary meaning of "disaster" may be taken as: "a
sudden accident or natural event that causes great
damage or loss of life.
The biggest problem with the
disasters is the
suddenness and swiftness with
which they arrive.

Earthquakes, industrial accidents, oil-spills, forest-fires,

terrorist activities etc. are some of the more commonly
encountered disasters

Some types of disasters are as follows:

Natural disasters: These are primary natural disasters
Earthquake
Volcanoes
Floods
Tornados
Tsunami [MY TOPIC]
Man Made : These are mostly caused due to certain
human activities.
Nuclear Leaks
Chemical Leaks
Oil spills

India and Natural Disasters

India is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world .
Over 65% land area vulnerable to earthquakes;
70% of land under cultivation prone to drought;
5% of land (40 million hectares) to floods;
8% of land (8,000 km coastline) to cyclones.
A Major Disaster occurs every 2-3 years;
50 million people affected annually
1 million houses damaged annually along with human, social and
other losses
During 1985-2003, the annual average damage due to natural
disasters has been estimated at 70 million USD

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, GOI: BMTPC, Ministry of Urban Development, GOI

Tsunami 2004

hey ALL survived !!!

About tsunami 2004

The 2004 Indian
Ocean earthquake was
an undersea
earthquake that
occurred at 00:58:53
UTC on December 26,
2004, with an
epicentre off the west
coast of Sumatra,
Indonesia. The
earthquake was
caused by subduction
and triggered a series
of devastating
tsunamis along the
coasts of most

More about tsunami

2004
It killed more than
225,000 people in eleven
countries, and inundating
coastal communities with
waves up to 30meters
high. It was one of the
deadliest natural
disasters in history.
Indonesia, Sri Lanka,
India, and Thailand were
hardest hit.

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Some more facts and

With a magnitude of between 9.1 and 9.3, it is the
figures
second largest earthquake ever recorded on a
seismograph. This earthquake had the longest
duration of faulting ever observed, between 8.3 and
10 minutes. Since 1900 the only earthquakes

recorded with a greater magnitude were the

1960 Great Chilean Earthquake (magnitude
9.5) and the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake in
Prince William Sound (9.2).

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Why most people did not

get a warning?
Scientists didnt warn people to

go away because maybe they

were not sure about the
earthquake and then the people
discuss badly their names and it
could cause to them, an
unemployment.
The countries would have lack of
tourism.

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The Tsunamis Toll

Deaths: >210,000
Indonesia: 166,000
Thailand: 5,000
Sri Lanka: 30,000
India: 10,000
Damage: >$7 billion
Indonesia: $4.4 billion
India: $1.5 billion
Sri Lanka: $900 million

Aid Donations: >$6.5 billion

Government pledges: $5.3 billion
Private donors: $12 billion
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TSUNAMI

WHAT IS A TSUNAMI?
A tsunami is a wave train, or series of waves, generated in a body of
water by an impulsive disturbance that vertically displaces the water
column. Earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, explosions, and
even the impact of cosmic bodies, such as meteorites, can generate
tsunamis.

The following are natural signs of tsunami:

Feel the earth shake. A large undersea earthquake may be felt
prior to tsunami by an ongoing shaking of the ground in coastal
regions. However, you may not feel an earthquake if the source is far
away.
See the ocean drop. As tsunami approach the shoreline, the sea
level may, but not always, recede/drop dramatically before returning
as a fast-moving wall of water.
Hear an unusual roaring sound. A roaring sound may precede the
arrival of tsunami.

DURING TSUNAMI:
Climb to higher ground as soon as warning of a
tsunami is released
Stay away from the beach - if you can see the wave,
you are too close to escape it.
Do not assume that one wave means the danger is
over - the next wave may be larger than the first.
Stay out of the area and do not return until
authorities say it is safe to do so
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AFTER TSUNAMI:
Help injured or trapped persons and give first aid
where appropriate.
Stay out of damaged buildings.
Shovel mud while it is still moist to give walls and
floors an opportunity to dry.
Enter home with caution, checking for electrical
shorts and live wires

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The Myths
It Cant Happen to Us.
The Natures forces are so

Deadly the Victims will Die

anyway.
There is Nothing We Can Do.

PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Disaster Management Cycle

RESPONSE
Response measures are usually those which are

taken immediately prior to and following

disaster impact.
Typical measures include :
Implementation of plans
Activation of the counter-disaster system
Search and Rescue
Provision of emergency food, shelter, medical
assistance etc.
Survey and assessment
Evacuation measures

Recovery
Recovery is the process by which communities and

the nation are assisted in returning to their proper

level of functioning following a disaster.
Three main categories of activity are normally

regarded as coming within the recovery segment:

Restoration
Reconstruction
Rehabilitation

PREVENTION & MITIGATION

Prevention : Action within this segment is designed to

impede the occurrence of a disaster event and/or prevent

such an occurrence having harmful effects on communities
or key installations.
Mitigation : Action within this segment usually takes the

form of specific programs intended to reduce the effects of

disaster on a nation or community. For instance, some
countries regard the development and application of
building codes (which can reduce damage and loss in the
event of earthquakes and cyclones) as being in the
category of mitigation.
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Disaster preparedness
Preparedness should be in the form of
money, manpower and materials
Evaluation from past experiences about risk
Location of disaster prone areas
Organization of communication, information
and warning system
Ensuring co-ordination and response
mechanisms
Development of public education
programme
Co-ordination with media
National & international relations
Keeping stock of foods, drug and other
essential commodities.

Conclusions
The Tsunami caused by the Sumatra EQ

killed >300,000 people because there

was no Warning System.
Source region for Sumatra Tsunami
extends from Banda Aceh through the
Nicobar Islands.
We need a method for estimating size
of great earthquakes within a time
frame useful to the Tsunami Warning
System.

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What can be done to reduce the loss of

life and damage if another tsunami occurs
in the same area?
Inform to all people the fact.
Go somewhere safer.
Go to a high place to protect yourself from

the flooding.
Example: on the roof of your house, or to a
high mountain.

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SOME GLIMPSES OF THE DISASTER

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THANK YOU

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