Unit V

Review Questions

1. Asian and African countries developed

nationalism as a result of Europeans:
A. unintentionally uniting people through
educational efforts.
B. promoting free trade associations among
the colonies.
C. establishing Christianity as the common
religion.
D. discouraging patriotic feelings toward the
mother country.
E. allowing education in the mother country.

2. Non-Western nationalist movements in the early

20th century had which of the following in
common?
A. They were led by Marxists looking to overturn
capitalist structures.
B. They released nativist energies that
undermined reformist efforts.
C. They typically were led by Western-educated
elites looking to modernize their nations.
D. They were imbued with egalitarian, progressive
impulses for the under-classes in their nations.
E. They usually involved a complete rejection of
Western material culture.

3. Which of the following statements concerning the

Bolshevik takeover of Russia is NOT true?
A) After 1945, the Soviet Union emerged as one of two
great world powers along with the United States.
B) Stalin continued Lenin's focus on internationalizing
the Marxist struggle.
C) Russian defeats in WW I along with food shortages
and a corrupt government led the people to revolt
and the Czar to abdicate.
D) Lenin promised land to the peasant members of
soviets.
E) British, French, and American troops landed at
several Russian ports in 1918 and provided support
for the counter-revolutionary White forces.

4. Which statement best explains why India

was partitioned in 1947?
A. The British feared a united India.
B. One region wanted to remain under
British rule.
C. Religious differences led to a political
division.
D. Communist supporters wanted a
separate state.
E. The US did not want to allow Gandhi to
rule all of India.

5. Which of the following was NOT typical of

military governments established in Latin
America during the 1960s and 1970s?
A) repression of human rights
B) support for labor groups and the working
class
C) bureaucratic organization similar to a
military chain of command
D) stringent measures to control inflation
E) some form of presidency controlled by
the military

6. After the Versailles Conference, Arab leaders

A) were frustrated by the limited autonomy
granted them as mandate states
B) were content with their new-found
independence
C) were overjoyed by the Balfour Declaration
D) were grateful to the Turkish government for
standing up on behalf of the Middle East at
the conference
E) were angry that Middle Eastern affairs had
not been discussed at all during the
conference

7. Prior to World War I, what was the primary difference

between the Egyptian and the Indian nationalist movements?
A) In India, a single political party dominated the nationalist
movement, but in Egypt, a variety of rival parties
proliferated.
B) The Egyptian nationalist movement was dominated by the
peasantry, while in India Western-educated lawyers ran the
movement.
C) Whereas India was dominated by the British since the
eighteenth century, Europeans played no role in Egyptian
colonialism.
D) Egypt lacked an educated elite capable of assuming
leadership of the nationalist movement.
E) Egyptians advocated the radical overthrowing of colonial
powers, while leaders in India encouraged the populace to
become more western.

8. Which of the following statements concerning the

Ottoman Empire is most accurate?
A) As a result of their participation in World War I, the
Ottoman Empire effectively collapsed.
B) The Ottoman participation on the Allied side allowed
the Turks to reassert their dominance over the Arabs.
C) The Ottoman Empire was rewarded in the Treaty of
Versailles by the grant of substantial territories in the
Balkans.
D) With the withdrawal of Russia from the conflict, the
Ottoman recovered much land previously lost in
southern Russia.
E) Unlike the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman
Empire was severely weakened by World War I but
continued to exist as a political entity.

9. Many historians agree that the causes of

World War I stem from:
A. Nationalism, fascism, alliance systems,
and colonialism
B. Imperialism, assassination, socialism and
alliance systems
C. Alliance systems, imperialism, militarism,
communism
D. Militarism, nationalism, colonialism,
capitalism
E. Imperialism, militarism, alliance systems,
nationalism

10. How did Stalin's view of communism differ from

that of Lenin?
A) Lenin was only interested in the Russian revolution
and did not visualize any further revolutionary
process.
B) Lenin was more interested in including a broad
swath of the Russian population in the communist
movement.
C) Stalin concentrated on a strongly nationalist
version of communism and concentrated on
"socialism in one country."
D) Stalin was not a member of the Communist Party.
E) Stalin wanted to see communism quickly spread
around the world.

11. Which of the following was NOT a problem

for the new nations created in the wake of the
withdrawal of European imperialists?
A) underdeveloped economic and state
structure.
B) divisions between different ethnic groups
and religions
C) reconquest by Europeans
D) concessions made to departing colonizers
E) All of the above were problems for the new
nations created in the wake of the withdrawal
of European imperialists.

C*

12. The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin

and China under Mao emphasized
centralized economic planning and
five-year plans primarily to
A. develop heavy industry.
B. manufacture more consumer goods.
C. expand exports.
D. create an increased demand for highquality imports.
E. produce hi-tech products.

13. Which statement is most accurate about Latin

America today?
A. Elections in several Central and South
American nations have brought communist
governments to power.
B. Military governments or dictatorships have
been replaced by democracies in many Latin
American nations.
C. Most Latin American governments are
encouraging subsistence agriculture.
D. Debts owed to most foreign nations have been
paid.
E. US support has placed most leaders in power.

14. Which of the following statements concerning

the states of the Pacific Rim is most accurate?
A) Individualism was the hallmark of the economic
development of this region.
B) The Pacific Rim states abandoned traditional
Confucian concepts in pursuit of Western culture.
C) Most of the states of the Pacific Rim depended
on centralized government planning with sharp
limitations on dissent and instability.
D) All of the states of the Pacific Rim benefited
from having been former British colonies.
E) All of the states of the Pacific Rim had robust
economies due to free-market competition.

C
(Skip or ?)

15.Which of the following was not among the

effects of World War I?
A. At least ten million people were killed
B. The belligerents dissipate their national
wealth and left their countries deeply in debt
C. Resulting tensions and resentments led to
the emergence of the totalitarian state
D. Autocratic monarchies in Germany, AustriaHungary, and Russia were swept away.
E. Ideas of self-determination were used in
determining the fates of the former colonies
of the Central Powers.

16.As regards the intellectual or spiritual "mood"

of western societies after World War I,
A) some intellectuals believed that the horrors
of World War I demonstrated the profound
weakness of western culture.
B) the people of Europe were strongly
opposed to totalitarian government.
C) the people of the United States favored
greater American involvement in the political
and cultural affairs of Europe.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

17. Mahatma Gandhi and Jomo

Kenyatta were similar in that both
A. supported colonial policies
B. sought to gain independence from
Great Britain
C. led a worldwide boycott of British
goods
D. used violent revolution to achieve
their aims
E. turned to communism for

18. Which basic belief characterized the

totalitarian governments of Benito Mussolini
and Saddam Hussein?
A. Nations must have written constitutions
and free elections.
B. All religions are accepted.
C. The needs of the state are more important
than individual rights.
D. Representatives of the people make the
laws.
E. International human rights law is supreme.

19. Anti-colonial movements shared all

of the following features EXCEPT
A. some form of nationalism
B. inspiration from their traditional
culture
C. dissatisfaction among elites
D. a steady commitment to democracy
E. efforts to develop a mass antiimperialist movement

20. Which of the following was NOT a

feature of twentieth-century history?
A) The formation of international
organizations
B) A changing balance of power
C) A lessening of conflict
D) Massive population growth
E) Changing patterns of global
migration

21. Western nations lost their empires

in Asia and Africa chiefly in the threedecade period from
A. 1885-1915.
B. 1915-1945.
C. 1945-1975.
D. 1965-1995.
E. None of the above

22. Which of the following best

describes how many Europeans,
living through the Great Depression,
thought about political systems?
a) All forms of governments are bad
b) Liberalism is the best form of
government
c) Liberalism was in decline and
authoritarianism was on the rise
d) Both Liberalism and
authoritarianism are good

23. Which of the following was NOT a feature

of the two world wars?
A) The wars were more destructive due to
deadly modern weapons.
B) The impact was not limited to Europe and
Asia.
C) Governments controlled public opinion
through manipulation of mass media.
D) Strict government regulation prevented
material shortages and famine.
E) Large-scale entry of women into the labor
force.

24. Within their respective nations, both Ho

Chi Minh and Fidel Castro achieved their
goals by
A. seeking aid and support from the
European Union.
B. using armed conflict to bring a
democratic government to power.
C. following a policy of nonalignment.
D. working to build a capitalist system.
E. successfully resisting a US-backed
military intervention.

25.In the early 20th century, what

were two of the more powerful
forces for change?
A) Environmentalism and feminism.
B) Pacifism and the secret ballot
C) Nationalism and the desire for
social justice
D) Unionization and intellectualism
E) Democratization and fascism.

C
(bit vague)

26.The Depression of 1929

A. Had far less of an impact on Latin

America than it had on Europe or the U.S.
B. Was not the turning point that the First
and Second World Wars were
C. Caused Latin America to veer towards
authoritarian regimes
D. Impacted Europe but had almost no
effect on Asia.
E. Encouraged a move towards
democratization worldwide.

C*

27. World War II represented a change in

military tactics and moral values as
a. captured soldiers were routinely executed
b. countries employed industrial
technologies in warfare
c. victors demonized their enemies in
propaganda campaigns
d. victors demanded the unconditional
surrender of defeated enemies
e. armies ceased to distinguish between
soldiers and civilians in attacks

28. Solidarity in Poland and Gorbachev's rule

in the Soviet Union
a) represent a resurgence of Communist
power
b) represent the beginning of the end for
Communist control in the Soviet Union
c) contributed to the escalation of the
unclear arms race during the Cold War
d) contributed to rising military tensions
between the US and the Soviet Union
e) had little or no impact on the wider world

29. Which major country has

successfully resisted the trend
towards democratic reform in the
late 20th century?
A.
Russia
B.
Taiwan
C.
South Africa
D. China
E.
Chile

30. Which of the following does NOT

represent a major motivation behind
migration?
A.
the lure of economic opportunity
B.
famine at home
C.
the desire for political freedom
D. to flee violence and conflict
E.
the desire to embrace new
cultures

31. Which of the following is the most

critical in controlling the birth rate in
a society?
a)
government regulations
b)
education level of women
c)
personal income and standard of
living
d)
availability of contraception
e)
degree of urbanization

32. In wealthier, industrial nations, populations

are
A. growing rapidly because people can afford
to have more children
B. shrinking because disease has raised the
mortality rates among children
C. growing very slowly or shrinking due to
lower fertility rates
D. growing rapidly because health care has
improved life expectancy
E. growing rapidly due to high rates of
immigration

33. One of the chief by-products of

population growth in the Third World
nations has been
A) industrialization.
B) mass migration to cities.
C) imposition of effective state birth
control programs.
D) intensive programs of land
redistribution.
E) a strong commitment to maintaining

34. Which of the following statements about units

of analysis in the 20th Century is accurate?
A. Words like "nation" do not precisely describe
groups like the Kurds.
B. The "Third World" is a term that appropriately
includes nations like Brazil and China.
C. Using a phrase like "the West" properly
encapsulates countries like Greece and England.
D. There is no instance in which the term "the
world" is an appropriate unit of analysis.
E. All units of analysis are meaningless in the
20th Century.

A
(end on a strange one)