Welcome

Yaskawa Training Caf

Welcome to Yaskawa Electric Americas

Training Caf Express
Todays Topic is

Selecting E7/P7/F7 Drives for Single-Phase

Input Applications
To make this Caf enjoyable for all, please follow these
tips on web class etiquette.

Please do not put us on hold. Others will hear the hold music.
Do not use a speaker phone. Background noise can be heard.
Dont be shy, we welcome comments and questions.
(Press *6 to mute and unmute your phone)
Questions not answered during the Caf can be e-mailed to
training@yaskawa.com or can be entered into the survey sent to
you at the end of the class.
Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase to Three-Phase Conversion

Why the need for single-phase to three-phase power

conversion?

Areas not originally designated for industrial manufacturing with

only single-phase power subject to increased demand to support
small manufacturing operations
Small start-up companies
Custom manufacturing (specialty) operations

Residential/ Commercial expansion needing increased water

demands
Remote pumps (submersible/booster)
Increased pump HP (moving water further distances)

Increased activity in energy sector

Oil/Natural gas wells
De-watering pumps

Need three-phase power to support increased demand!

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase to Three-Phase Conversion

Methods of converting single-phase to threephase power:

Phase Converters
Rotary Phase Converters (RPC)
Static Phase Converters (SPC)

Motor-Generator (M-G) Sets

Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs)
Single-Phase input models
Three-Phase input models (with appropriate derating)

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase to Three-Phase Conversion

Methods of converting single-phase to three-phase

power:

Phase Converters
Rotary Phase Converters (RPC)
Use idler motor to generate third phase

Static Phase Converters (SPC)

Use inductors/capacitors to generate third phase

Unbalanced phase impedance

Difficult to balance phase voltages especially with varying load
Requires de-rating applied motor (by as much as 50%)!

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase to Three-Phase Conversion

Methods of converting single-phase to three-phase

power:

Motor-Generator (M-G) Sets

Uses multiple sets of windings on single rotor to generate
three individual new phases
Good voltage balance suitable for three-phase motors
Easily convert voltage level and frequency from incoming
supply
Commutators require high maintenance
Expensive and bulky

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase to Three-Phase Conversion

Methods of converting single-phase to three-phase

power:

Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs)

Single-phase input models

Three-phase input models (with appropriate derate)

Provide balanced three-phase voltage

Can easily vary the voltage and frequency
No tuning of capacitors to varying loads
Soft start feature, PI control, extensive flexibility/programmability
Provides superior protective features (overload, under-voltage,
etc.)
Reliable/maintenance-free operation

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase Motors

Single-Phase Motors:

Readily available up to 5HP

Available up to and above 15HP but much less
common
Expensive
Long lead times
Frequent maintenance

Trend is to use three-phase motors (even below 5HP)!

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase Applications

Common Single-Phase Applications:

Submersible Well Pumps

Irrigation Pumps
Fountain Systems
Pump Jacks (oil/natural gas well pumps)
Machining Centers/Lathes
Vacuums/Blowers

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase Input Products

Yaskawa Single-Phase Product Offering:

VS-Mini (GPD205)
115Vac, 1/8 HP to 1 HP, 0.8 Arms to 5 Arms

J7 (GPD305) Available through March 2010

230Vac, 1/8 HP to 2 HP, 0.8 Arms to 8 Arms

V7 (GPD315) Obsolete (subject to inventory on-hand)

230Vac, 1/8 HP to 5 HP, 0.8 Arms to 17.5 Arms

V1000
230Vac, 1/8 HP to 5 HP, 0.8 Arms to 17.5 Arms

J1000 (use caution output phase loss cannot be disabled)

230Vac, 1/8 HP to 3 HP, 0.8 Arms to 9.6 Arms (ND)
Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase Input Products

Yaskawa Single-Phase Product Offering:

VS-Mini (GPD205)
115Vac, 1/8 HP to 1 HP, 0.8 Arms to 5 Arms

J7 (GPD305) Available through March 2010

230Vac, 1/8 HP to 2 HP, 0.8 Arms to 8 Arms

V1000
230Vac, 1/8 HP to 5 HP, 0.8 Arms to 17.5 Arms

J1000 (use caution output phase loss cannot be disabled)

230Vac, 1/8 HP to 3 HP, 0.8 Arms to 9.6 Arms (ND)
Single-Phase models up to 5 HP only!
All models run 230V three-phase motors!

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase Input Products

What about single-phase applications at 480V

or applications larger than 5 HP?

Use E7/P7/F7 and three-phase motor with appropriate derating as

outlined in application note AN.AFD.15
Applying E7/P7/F7 Drives To Single-Phase Input Applications

What does document AN.AFD.15 contain?

Lets take a look!

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase Input Power Application

Specifications

Important Considerations When

Using a Three-Phase Drive with
Single-Phase Input

Drive Specifications (w/ derating)

Drive HP
Output Current
Input Current
DC Link Choke Selection

Input Voltage Specifications

Different than three-phase

Output Voltage Limitation

Effect on motor power

Overload Rating
Limited to low speeds

Wiring & Branch Circuit

Recommendations
DC Link Choke Dimensions

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase Input Drive Derating

Why is Drive derating required?

Three-phase VFD designed to accommodate 300/360Hz DC

bus ripple (3-phase full wave rectification at 50/60Hz)

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase Input Drive Derating

Why is Drive derating required?

Single-phase 60Hz input results in 120Hz DC bus
ripple!
DC bus capacitors need to provide more power
DC bus level will decrease a larger amount than with threephase input during this time

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase Input Drive Derating

Why is Drive derating required?

Duration between bus peaks is longer in single-phase case

Dc bus circuit will have to supply power for longer period
More stress on input and DC bus components

t3

Time t1 >
t3

Tt1

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase Input Drive Derating

Why is Drive derating required?

Drive components subject to greater stress with single-phase

input
DC bus circuit (capacitors, DC link choke, bus bars)
Increased ripple voltage and current
Capacitors need to deliver more of the power to the load

Input diode rectifier

Increased input current
Higher harmonic content
Using only 2/3rds of the rectifier

Input terminals
Increased input current
Higher harmonic content
Using only 2 of 3 input terminals

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase Input Drive Derating

Therefore, derating of Drive HP and output amperage

will be required so that the Drive components operate
within their ratings!

Table 1 contains single-phase ratings for 240V and 480V models

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Selecting the Proper Drive

Select Drive that meets or exceeds both motor HP and motor

FLA requirements

When making selection be sure to take into account operation using

the service factor of the motor if required by the application
Drive must be selected to accommodate motor S.F. amps and
motor S.F. horsepower if applicable!

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Selecting the Proper Drive

Select Drive that meets or exceeds both motor HP and motor

FLA requirements. Include Service Factor if required.
Example:
Pump Rating: 7.5HP, 230V, 20Arms cont., SF amperage 23Arms
Application Requirements:
Case 1) No SF required: 7.5HP @ 20Arms
Case 2) SF is required: 8.6HP @ 23Arms
Note: 8.6HP = 7.5HP x 23A/20A

Select Drive according to load requirement!

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Selecting the Proper Drive

Example:
Pump Rating: 7.5HP, 230V, 20Arms cont., SF amperage 23Arms
Application Requirements:
No SF required: 7.5HP @ 20Arms
SF is required: 8.6HP @ 23Arms
Note: 8.6HP = 7.5HP x 23A/20A

Model 2011: No SF
Required

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Selecting the Proper Drive

Example:
Pump Rating: 7.5HP, 230V, 20Arms cont., SF amperage 23Arms
Application Requirements:
Case 1) No SF required: 7.5HP @ 20Arms
Case 2) SF is required: 8.6HP @ 23Arms
Note: 8.6HP = 7.5HP x 23A/20A

Model 2011: No SF
Required

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Selecting the Proper Drive

Example:
Pump Rating: 7.5HP, 230V, 20Arms cont., SF amperage 23Arms
Application Requirements:
Case 1) No SF required: 7.5HP @ 20Arms
Case 2) SF is required: 8.6HP @ 23Arms
Note: 8.6HP = 7.5HP x 23A/20A

Model 2015: SF is
required
Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Selecting the Proper Drive

Example:
Pump Rating: 7.5HP, 230V, 20Arms cont., SF amperage 23Arms
Application Requirements:
Case 1) No SF required: 7.5HP @ 20Arms
Case 2) SF is required: 8.6HP @ 23Arms
Note: 8.6HP = 7.5HP x 23A/20A

Model 2015: SF is
required
Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Selecting the Proper Drive

Select Drive that meets or exceeds both motor HP and motor FLA
requirements
Drive must be selected to accommodate motor S.F. amps and motor
S.F. horsepower if applicable!

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

DC Link Choke Benefits

Using a DC Link Choke allows us to pull more power

from the VFD

Reduces DC bus ripple

Lowers input harmonics (from over 100% to 90% ITHD)
Improves input power factor (to approx. 0.7 PF)

Therefore, DC
Link Chokes
must always
DC Link Chokes are listed in Table 1
beforused!
Link Chokes selected to optimize performance
single-phase
reduces input current

use

Note: Models 18kW and smaller use a different link choke

than what is normally used with three-phase input
Select DC link choke according to Table 1
Caution - DC link chokes are open style (no enclosure)

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

DC Link Choke Benefits

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Input Voltage and Frequency

Input Supply Specifications:

Standard VFD specifications with three-phase input:

208-240/480Vac, +10/-15%
50/60Hz, +/-5%

VFD Specifications with single-phase input:

240/480Vac, +10/-5%
60Hz, +/-5%

Thus, strict input voltage tolerance of +10 to -5% and 60Hz applies with
single-phase use!
Note: Wire input using terminals L1(R) and L2(S) to accommodate units
that incorporate AC fans and soft-charge circuits (larger models)

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Input Voltage and Frequency

Why the stricter input voltage tolerance?

Average bus voltage is lower with single-phase input than with

equivalent three-phase input
Therefore, output motor voltage will be reduced
Motor power will be reduced with lower motor voltage

Output voltage of 207V with input voltage of 228V (240V 5%)

Output voltage of 414V with input voltage of 456V (480V 5%)

Consider using a 208V or 400V motor if rated power must be developed

at base speed to eliminate the effect of voltage deprivation!
208V and 400V motor selections are included in Table 1
Note: Additional impedance at the input of the Drive will cause additional voltage
drop!
Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Reduced Voltage Motors

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Input Voltage and Frequency

Input Supply Specifications:

Standard VFD specifications with three-phase input:

208-240/480Vac, +10/-15%
50/60Hz, +/-5%

VFD Specifications with single-phase input:

240/480Vac, +10/-5%
60Hz, +/-5%

Thus, strict input voltage of 240V(480Vac) +10 to -5% at 60Hz

applies with single-phase use!
Note: Wire input using terminals L1(R) and L2(S) to accommodate units
that incorporate AC fans and soft-charge circuits

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase Input Current

Drive input current will be approximately twice the

motor current

Single-phase to three-phase conversion accounts for majority

of input current increase (factor 3)
Overall input Power Factor of 0.7 can be expected
Input current is included in Table 1

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Overload Capacity

Overload capacity with single-phase input is limited to

120% of Drive single-phase current rating

Increased DC bus ripple means the DC bus level will drop to

lower level
As output power increases (high torque and high speed)
average bus voltage decreases
Motor voltage further decreases as load increases

Therefore, expect 120% overload maximum for starting

purposes only!
Consult factory with cyclic applications (repeating overload) or
when overload in excess of 120% is required
Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

E7/P7/F7 Drives with Single-Phase

Input

Document AN.AFD.15 also includes wiring and branch circuit

recommendations

Table 2 contains:
Wire gauge recommendations
Fuse recommendations
Circuit Breaker recommendations

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

DC Link Choke Details

Table 3 contains DC Link Choke dimensions

DC Link Chokes are open type (no enclosure)

DC Link Chokes in Table 3 are different from chokes used for threephase input
Wire DC Link Chokes to terminals +1 and +2 (remove factory
supplied shorting bar)

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Single-Phase Input Specification Summary

Summary:

Input Specifications:
Voltage: 240/480VAC +10% / -5%,
Frequency: 60Hz +/-5%

Drive Ratings must meet or exceed both motor HP and FLA

Be sure to include Service Factor operation if required

DC Link Chokes are required on models 18kW and smaller

Consult factory if Link Chokes cannot be used

Maximum Overload of 120% for starting purposes only

Expect motor voltage of approx. 207Vac (414Vac) with input
voltage of 228Vac (456Vac)
Consider a reduced voltage motor (208/400V) if full HP is
required with low input voltage

Specifications not mentioned in this document remain the

same as standard three-phase product
Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Input Phase Loss (PF) Faults

Final Comments:

When using the Drive with single-phase input the Drives input
phase loss protection must remain enabled
If Input Phase Loss (PF) faults are encountered, be sure to check
the load current and horsepower along with incoming line voltage
levels to insure all are within Drive specification
Input Phase Loss faults generally indicate the Drive is undersized
for the connected load
Disabling input phase loss protection will result in permanent
Drive damage and void the warranty

Reducing Drive output frequency will reduce HP requirement

Limiting the maximum frequency may allow an undersized drive
to operate the load (Power = Torque x Speed)

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Input Phase Loss (PF) Faults

Final Comments:

Consult factory when using other Yaskawa products with

single-phase
Other products have not been officially evaluated for singlephase use

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services

Yaskawa Training Caf

Thats A Wrap!

Thank you for attending the Yaskawa Electric America

Training Caf.

Please see the Caf Schedule in the partner login section

of Yaskawa.com for future classes.

Training Caf classes are held approximately once per

month.

Please complete the survey sent to you at the end of the

class to help us improve the quality and relevance of the
Training Caf.

Yaskawa Training Caf Through the Combined Efforts of Drives Engineering and Technical
Training Services