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4thQ: Unit 1
How important is
plant?
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a
process by which
green plants turn r
aw materials like c
arbon dioxide and
water into glucose
in the presence of l
ight.
10 points writing
Transpiration
stomata
It helps in transporting
water and minerals to
the plant.
Xylem carries water
and dissolved mineral
from roots to the stem
and the leaves.
Phloem transports
glucose from the leave
s to all parts of the pla
nt.
Asexual Reproduction in
Non-flowering Plants
Asexual reproduction is a
type of reproduction that do
es not involves reproductive
cells.
Spore formation:
Vegetative reproduction
Stems (sugarcane),
leaves (aloe vera),
suckers (pineapple), and
underground stems (onio
n)
Pollination
It is the transfer of
pollen grains from anth
er to the stigma of a flo
wer.
Agents of pollination
are wind, water,
animals, and insects to
transfer the pollen grai
ns.
Pollination to Fertilization
2 Types of Pollination
Self-Pollination:
occurs between the
same or different flo
wer of the same pla
nt.
Cross-Pollination:
occurs between the
flowers of different p
lants.
Zygote is formed
after
fertilization.
Zygote
experienced cell
division to form
embryo.
The ovule
develops into a
seed and the
ovary develops
into fruit.
SEEDS
Larger in size and can be
seen and touched easily
Multicellular
located either in the fruit or
flower of flowering plants
germinates more easily
disseminated by animals
that eat the fruit of flowerin
g plants
SPORES
Smaller or microscopic size
Unicellular
Located underneath the
leaves of non-flowering
plants
Spores requires a wet
environment to germinate
Simply fall off or spread by
the wind to propagate
Germination of Seed
During germination,
the embryo will
develop into a shoot,
seedling and roots re
spectively.
1. Angiosperm
2. Gymnosperm
3. Radicle
4. Cotyledon
5. Germination
6. Autogamy
7. No
8. Gymnosperm
9. Dicot
10.Testa
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
Seed-producing flowering
plants whose seeds are
enclosed within an ovary.
Seeds
Reproducti
on
Uses
Medications , food,
clothing, etc...
Definition
Examples
Suitable
Temperature for
enzyme reaction, Air
for respiration, and
Water to soften the t
esta (or seed coat).
1. Phototropism
2. Geotropism
3. Hydrotropism
4. Thigmotropism
Phototropism
It is he growth of
plants in response to
light.
Positive
Phototropism is
when the shoots gro
w towards light.
Negative
Phototropism is
when the roots grow
away from light.
Geotropism
It is the growth
movement shown by
plants in response to
gravity.
Hydrotropism
It is the growth
movement shown by
plants in response to
water.
Thigmotropism
It is a growth
response by plants
to touch or contact
with a solid structure
.
TROPISM
Are growth responses
of plant to external
stimuli.
Directional Movement
Positive and Negative
Tropism
Usually, plants
response for growth
NASTIC MOVEMENT
Are movements
made by plants in
response to external
stimuli that may com
e from any direction
Usually, plants
response to touch
for defense
NASTIC MOVEMENT
Seismonastic a
type of nastic
movement in respon
se to touch to protec
t the plants against
damage.
Application of Vegetative
Reproduction
Technology of vegetative
reproduction includes stem
cutting and tissue culture.
STEM CUTTING a method
where a piece of twig is cut off
from the parent plant and then
placed in the soil. After a few d
ays, grows into a new plant. (S
ugar Cane)
TISSUE CULTURE a method of
reproduction which produces
new plants called clone from th
e tissue of the parent plant. (C
arrot)
TISSUE CULTURE
BIOTECHNOLOGY
What is Biotechnology?
What are the different types of Biotechnology?
What is Agricultural Biotechnology?
State one benefit of Agricultural
Biotechnology.
How can Biotechnology help the environment?
State one advantage of using Biotechnology.