ENGLISH-STRUCTURE 2

Chapter 4&5
Maulida Mazaya

Universitas
Terbuka
Korea Selatan

details

Modul 4 : Passive Sentences

Modul 5 : Infinitive & Gerund

M O DU L 4 : PA SS I V E
SENTENCES

PASSIVE SENTENCES

Unit 1 Passive Sentences

Unit 2 Passive Adjectives
Unit 3 The use of Get in Passive Sentences
Unit 4 Used to, be used to and be
accustomed to

UNIT 1 PASSIVE SENTENCES

A.
B.
C.
D.

Active Sentences vs Passive Sentences

Passive Progressive Sentences
Passive Voice with Modal Auxiliaries
Sentences with Two Objects

U N I T 1 PA SS I V E S E N T E N C E S
A . A C T I V E S E N T E N C E S V S PA SS I V E
SENTENCES
1. Ketika kalimat memiliki subject dan object maka:
Object subject
Subject object
Subject + to be + verb (past participle) + by + object
*lokasi adverbs tergantung pada jenisnya

U N I T 1 PA SS I V E S E N T E N C E S
A . A C T I V E S E N T E N C E S V S PA SS I V E
SENTENCES

Rudy always pays my lunch.

My lunch is always paid by Rudy.
The girls clean the kitchen everyday.
The kitchen is cleaned by the girls
everyday.

U N I T 1 PA SS I V E S E N T E N C E S
A . A C T I V E S E N T E N C E S V S PA SS I V E
SENTENCES
2. Tak harus selalu ada pelaku, bisa saja pelaku tidak
dianggap penting. Maka by tidak diperlukan.

No one accepts him in his hometown after he was

released from the prison.
He is not accepted in his hometown after he was
released from the prison.

U N I T 1 PA S S I V E S E N T E N C E S
A . A C T I V E S E N T E N C E S V S PA S S I V E S E N T E N C E S

3. Kekhususan tersendiri pada kalimat pasif

dengan kata born : dipakai dalam bentuk
lampau.
I was born in Medan.
Rianti was born in 1985.

U N I T 1 PA S S I V E S E N T E N C E S
A . A C T I V E S E N T E N C E S V S PA S S I V E S E N T E N C E S

4. Hanya kata kerja transitif (diikuti oleh

objek) yang dapat diubah menjadi kalimat pasif.

J.K. Rowling wrote Harry Potter novels. ()

Hasan mailed the letter. ()
They came to our party last night. (x)
He runs everyday. (x)

U N I T 1 PA SS I V E S E N T E N C E S
B . PA SS I V E P R O G R E SS I V E S E N T E N C E S
Active:
Subject + be + verb~ing + object
Subject object
Object subject

Passive:
Subject + be + being + verb (past perfect) + object

U N I T 1 PA SS I V E S E N T E N C E S
B . PA SS I V E P R O G R E SS I V E S E N T E N C E S

Ari is writing some letters.

Some letters are being written by Ari.
Mom was baking a cake when I got
home.
A cake was being baked by mom when I
got home.

U N I T 1 PA SS I V E S E N T E N C E S
C . PA SS I V E V O I C E W I T H M O D A L A U X I L I A R I E S

Should
Might
Must
Have/has/ought to

We should recycle papers and plastics.

Papers and plastics should be recycled (by
us).

U N I T 1 PA SS I V E S E N T E N C E S
D. SENTENCES WITH TWO OBJECTS

Offer
Ask
Tell
Give

Show
Teach
Pay

Mr. Lee offered Ani a job.

A job was offered to Ani by Mr.Lee.
Liana asked me a very difficult question.
A very difficult question was asked to me by Liana.

U N I T 2 PA SS I V E A D J E C T I V E

A. Passive Participle Sebagai Adjective

Amir is married.
She is overwhelmed.
They are tired.
B. Akhiran ing dan ed Sebagai Adjective
The journey from Jakarta to Baduy was so tiring. The
rough track tired us. We were so tired.

U N I T 3 T H E U S E O F G E T I N PA SS I V E
SENTENCES

A.
B.
C.
D.

Get + Adjective
Get + Past Participle
The Negative Form of Get + Past Participle
Get In Question + Past Participle

U N I T 3 T H E U S E O F G E T I N PA SS I V E
SENTENCES
A. GET + ADJECTIVE

Did anyone get hurt in the accident?

It is getting colder.
It gets dark early in the winter.

U N I T 3 T H E U S E O F G E T I N PA SS I V E
SENTENCES
B . G E T + PA S T PA RT I C I P L E

Im getting tired of his lies.

I got lost on the way here.
He got wounded in the fight.

U N I T 3 T H E U S E O F G E T I N PA S S I V E S E N T E N C E S
C . T H E N E G AT I V E F O R M O F G E T + PA S T
PA R T I C I P L E

Adam didnt get wounded in the fight.

She does not get assigned to a new job.
Joshua and Lia cannot get married as
scheduled.

U N I T 3 T H E U S E O F G E T I N PA SS I V E
SENTENCES
D . G E T I N Q U E S T I O N + PA S T PA RT I C I P L E

Adam didnt get hurt in the accident.

Did Adam get hurt in the accident?
She does not get assigned to a new job.
Does she get assigned to a new job?
Joshua and Lia cannot get married as scheduled.
Can Joshua and Lia get married as scheduled?

U N I T 4 C O M M O N E X P R E SS I O N S I N
PA SS I V E V O I C E

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Used to
Be used to
Be accustomed to
Past participle + Preposition
Anticipatory It

U N I T 4 C O M M O N E X P R E SS I O N S I N
PA SS I V E V O I C E
A. USED TO

I used to live in that house across the

street.
Rory used to smoke.
When I was a child, I used to play kasti.
Wayan used to swim in the sea everyday.

U N I T 4 C O M M O N E X P R E SS I O N S I N
PA SS I V E V O I C E
A. USED TO

Subject + used to + verb (bentuk dasar)

Did + Subject + use to + verb ?
Subject + did not use to + verb

U N I T 4 C O M M O N E X P R E SS I O N S I N
PA SS I V E V O I C E
B. BE USED TO

I am used to living in small house.

They are used to taking train to go to
school.
She is used to drinking milk before going
to sleep.
Ria is not used to sleeping in the dark.

U N I T 4 C O M M O N E X P R E SS I O N S I N
PA SS I V E V O I C E
C. BE ACCUSTOMED TO

Her husband snores during sleep, but she

is accustomed to it.
I am from Indonesia, so I am accustomed
to hot and humid weather.
The boys from pesantren are not
accustomed to having girls around them
everytime.

U N I T 4 C O M M O N E X P R E SS I O N S I N
PA SS I V E V O I C E
D . PA S T PA RT I C I P L E + P R E P O S I T I O N

My school is located in Namsan.

Agus is very interested in photography.
This chair is not made from wood.
Who is Prince William married to?

U N I T 4 C O M M O N E X P R E SS I O N S I N
PA SS I V E V O I C E
E . A N T I C I PAT O RY I T

It was said that Rony was going to get

married soon.
It was confirmed that the holiday was
canceled.

M O DU L 5 :
GERUNDS

I N I FI N I T IV E S A N D

INIFINITIVES AND GERUNDS

Unit 1 Introduction to Infinitives and
Gerunds
Unit 2 Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions
Unit 3 Gerunds as Objects of Verbs
Unit 4 Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects

U N I T 1 PA SS I V E S E N T E N C E S
A . INFINITIVES

(to) + Verb 1
Tuti studies very hard to pass the final
exam. She wakes up very early in the morning
and goes to sleep after midnight everyday.
Sometimes she forgets to eat or to take a
shower.

U N I T 1 PA SS I V E S E N T E N C E S
B . GERUNDS

Verb 1 + ing
1.
2.
3.
4.

Gerund
Gerund
Gerund
Gerund

sebagai
sebagai
sebagai
sebagai

subjek
objek kata kerja
objek preposisi
pelengkap

UNIT 2 GERUNDS AS OBJECTS OF

PREPOSITIONS

from
without + verb ing
about
from
in
be given to
be used to
be accustomed to + verb ing
look forward to

UNIT 2 GERUNDS AS OBJECTS OF

PREPOSITIONS

keep on
+ verb ing
put off
go on
be interested
approve/disapprove
in
of
be afraid of
+ verb ing
be excited about
be good at

Fixed
prepositi
on
Fixed
phrase

UNIT 3 GERUNDS AS OBJECTS OF

VERBS

Verbs can only be followed

by
gerund
Appreciat
Admit
Enjoy
Recall
Delay
e
Escape Practice Deny
Suggest
Worth
Avoid
Finish Mind
Risk
Recent Prefer Imagine
Prevent Complete Quit
Keep
Forgive
Consider Resist Postpone
Do you mind ...?
Dread
Would you mind ...?

UNIT 4 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

AS SUBJECTS

Waiting is boring.
To wait for him for hours is boring.
Writing is not that difficult.
To write a poem is not that difficult.

UNIT 4 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

AS SUBJECTS

Its
Its
Its
Its

nice ...
worth ...
no use ...
not much good ...

for + object + infinitive