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  • Thesis Overview

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    SeunAkinrinola
    27 visualizzazioni10 pagine
    This presentation is on Torrefaction of biomass. This thesis includes numbers of objectives that aimed at investigating torrefaction and combustion properties of some Nigerian biomass. Some potential energy crops and woods from Nigeria, namely Terminalia superba, Gmelina arborea, Lophira alata, Nauclea diderrichii, and also one abundant agricultural residue, palm kernel expellers (PKE), were characterized for their combustion properties. Some of the drawbacks in the utilisation of biomass as feedstocks in power stations is their heterogeneous nature and high moisture content at first harvest (hydroscopic and hydrophilic) which makes them susceptible to bacterial degradation during storage. In addition, their fibrous nature that makes them very difficult to grind, and their low heating value reduces their competitiveness in the energy generation market. Biomass feedstocks can differ noticeably in term of morphological, physical, and chemical properties. The problems associated with the characteristics of biomass thus increase the processing cost in its supply chain, especially during feedstock preparation, handling, and transportation. A feasible solution to solve the problems associated with solid biomass is to pre-treat the fuels using some of the methods that were described in Chapter 1. One of the pre-treatment solutions which is of great interest in the last decade is torrefaction. Here, an investigation is carried out of how this thermochemical treatment affects the physical and chemical properties of biomass thereby presenting a more premium fuel. A feasible solution to solve the problems associated with solid biomass is to pre-treat the fuels using some of the methods that were described in Chapter 1. One of the pre-treatment solutions which is of great interest in the last decade is torrefaction. Here, an investigation is carried out of how this thermochemical treatment affects the physical and chemical properties of biomass thereby presenting a more premium fuel. A feasible solution to solve the problems associated with solid biomass is to pre-treat the fuels using some of the methods that were described here. One of the pre-treatment solutions which is of great interest in the last decade is torrefaction. Here, an investigation is carried out of how this thermochemical treatment affects the physical and chemical properties of biomass thereby presenting a more premium fuel.

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    This presentation is on Torrefaction of biomass. This thesis includes numbers of objectives that aimed at investigating torrefaction and combustion properties of some Nigerian biomass. Some potential energy crops and woods from Nigeria, namely Terminalia superba, Gmelina arborea, Lophira alata, Nauclea diderrichii, and also one abundant agricultural residue, palm kernel expellers (PKE), were characterized for their combustion properties. Some of the drawbacks in the utilisation of biomass as feedstocks in power stations is their heterogeneous nature and high moisture content at first harvest (hydroscopic and hydrophilic) which makes them susceptible to bacterial degradation during storage. In addition, their fibrous nature that makes them very difficult to grind, and their low heating value reduces their competitiveness in the energy generation market. Biomass feedstocks can differ noticeably in term of morphological, physical, and chemical properties. The problems associated with the characteristics of biomass thus increase the processing cost in its supply chain, especially during feedstock preparation, handling, and transportation. A feasible solution to solve the problems associated with solid biomass is to pre-treat the fuels using some of the methods that were described in Chapter 1. One of the pre-treatment solutions which is of great interest in the last decade is torrefaction. Here, an investigation is carried out of how this thermochemical treatment affects the physical and chemical properties of biomass thereby presenting a more premium fuel. A feasible solution to solve the problems associated with solid biomass is to pre-treat the fuels using some of the methods that were described in Chapter 1. One of the pre-treatment solutions which is of great interest in the last decade is torrefaction. Here, an investigation is carried out of how this thermochemical treatment affects the physical and chemical properties of biomass thereby presenting a more premium fuel. A feasible solution to solve the problems associated with solid biomass is to pre-treat the fuels using some of the methods that were described here. One of the pre-treatment solutions which is of great interest in the last decade is torrefaction. Here, an investigation is carried out of how this thermochemical treatment affects the physical and chemical properties of biomass thereby presenting a more premium fuel.

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    27 visualizzazioni10 pagine

    Thesis Overview

    Caricato da

    SeunAkinrinola
    This presentation is on Torrefaction of biomass. This thesis includes numbers of objectives that aimed at investigating torrefaction and combustion properties of some Nigerian biomass. Some potential energy crops and woods from Nigeria, namely Terminalia superba, Gmelina arborea, Lophira alata, Nauclea diderrichii, and also one abundant agricultural residue, palm kernel expellers (PKE), were characterized for their combustion properties. Some of the drawbacks in the utilisation of biomass as feedstocks in power stations is their heterogeneous nature and high moisture content at first harvest (hydroscopic and hydrophilic) which makes them susceptible to bacterial degradation during storage. In addition, their fibrous nature that makes them very difficult to grind, and their low heating value reduces their competitiveness in the energy generation market. Biomass feedstocks can differ noticeably in term of morphological, physical, and chemical properties. The problems associated with the characteristics of biomass thus increase the processing cost in its supply chain, especially during feedstock preparation, handling, and transportation. A feasible solution to solve the problems associated with solid biomass is to pre-treat the fuels using some of the methods that were described in Chapter 1. One of the pre-treatment solutions which is of great interest in the last decade is torrefaction. Here, an investigation is carried out of how this thermochemical treatment affects the physical and chemical properties of biomass thereby presenting a more premium fuel. A feasible solution to solve the problems associated with solid biomass is to pre-treat the fuels using some of the methods that were described in Chapter 1. One of the pre-treatment solutions which is of great interest in the last decade is torrefaction. Here, an investigation is carried out of how this thermochemical treatment affects the physical and chemical properties of biomass thereby presenting a more premium fuel. A feasible solution to solve the problems associated with solid biomass is to pre-treat the fuels using some of the methods that were described here. One of the pre-treatment solutions which is of great interest in the last decade is torrefaction. Here, an investigation is carried out of how this thermochemical treatment affects the physical and chemical properties of biomass thereby presenting a more premium fuel.

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    di 10

    School

    ofof
    Chemical
    and Process,
    School
    something
    FACULTY OF OTHER
    Engineering

    Torrefaction and Combustion Properties


    Nigerian Energy
    Properties
    of SomeCrops
    Nigerian
    Biomass
    (Project
    and Improvement
    viaoverview)
    Torrefaction

    Femi S. Akinrinola
    Nwigwudu Ikechukwu

    Supervisors : Prof. Jenny .M. Jones & Alan Williams

    Supervisor: Prof. Jenny .M. Jones

    th
    January,
    2015
    2nd27
    August,
    2012ugust,
    2012

    The Challenges
    Global challenges
    Environmental concerns
    Energy security

    Local (Nigeria) challenges


    Power outage: Demand versus Supply
    Fewer people are connected to grid
    Environmental pollution from sawmills.

    Images source: creative common, assessed 26/01/2015.

    Obligations/Targets
    The Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC
    Renewables share of electricity
    generation increased from 13.6 per
    cent in 2013 Q3 to 17.8 per cent in
    2014 Q3.

    Nigeria
    45% of this energy quota is Bioenergy in 2014 Q3

    Source: Department of Energy & Climate Change, United Kingdom, (2015).

    Issues with biomass

    Aim and objectives


    The aim of this study is to evaluate the energy potential of Nigerian
    woods and a residue for large scale electricity generation.

    Key objectives
    To assess the energy potential of some of the biomass resources in Nigerian and see how they compare with European biomass.
    To carry out torrefaction studies on some European and Nigerian biomass.
    To examine the fate of nitrogen in the fuel during torrefaction as well as the behaviour of lignocellulosic component of the fuel
    upon torrefaction.
    To investigate the products of torrefaction in terms of their composition, chemical and physical characteristics.
    To understand the pyrolytic characteristics of thermally treated biomass.
    To study the combustion behaviour of thermally treated biomass and also to assess the reactivities of the chars from torrefied
    fuels.

    Methodology
    Steps

    Approach

    Sourcing of common Nigerian raw fuels

    Gmelina, Terminalia, Nauclea, Lophira and


    PKE

    Characterisation of the sourced fuels

    Proximate and ultimate analyse, metal


    analysis, fouling and slagging indices, ash
    fusion tests and lignocellulose analysis

    Pyrolysis & combustion studies of the


    sourced fuels

    TGA analysis, fuel reactivity, PyGCMS


    analysis and single particle combustion study

    Treatment of the sourced fuels

    Torrefaction

    Characterisation of the treated biomass

    Proximate and ultimate analyse, metal


    analysis, fouling and slagging indices, ash
    fusion tests, grindability , lignocellulose
    analysis

    Pyrolysis & combustion studies of


    treated biomass

    TGA analysis, fuel reactivity, PyGCMS


    analysis and single particle combustion
    study

    Introduction to Torrefaction
    Torrefaction a mild
    thermochemical process
    Temperature range is 230290o C.
    Torrefied Biomass
    Becomes friable and
    hydrophobic.
    Improved calorific value (1823MJ/kg)
    Improved grindability
    Improved storage, handling
    and transport
    Reduced possibility of
    contamination
    Increased bulk energy
    density

    Result

    Key findings
    Nigerian fuels have low N, S, Cl.
    High carbon content resulted in relatively higher CV than the European biomass
    (19.2-21.2 MJ/kg for the raw fuels to 21.2-25.6 MJ/kg for the torrefied fuels).
    The low alkali index of the fuels suggest they are not predicted to cause severe
    fouling problems.
    Generally, torrefaction showed significant improvement on the fuel properties with
    respect to calorific value and grindability except for PKE where little effect was seen
    in its grindability performance.
    Torrefaction process led to loss of N in the fuels.
    Upon torrefaction, the fuel becomes less reactive and thermally stable.
    In summary, these fuels showed high potential for large scale electricity production.
    However, further studies should examine the sustainability of supply chain for this
    fuel to ensure good Carbon reduction.

    THANK YOU

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