Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Network
Goal
Introduction into 2G/3G and 4G core
network element in Telco technology,
particular for non-Telco person.
Overview of call establishment
process
Experience sharing of 4G EPC project
delivery from existing Mobile Network
Operator.
Disclaimer
What is an Interface ?
In telecommunication, an interface is a logical link
connection or a reference point, between two components
in telecommunication infrastructure, for example, Gn
interface is a reference point between SGSN and a GGSN.
However, Telecommunication also use term interface as
a device or program of that enabling a communication
between user and a computing device.
N
c
MSS/VL
R
MS
BT
S
MGW
Abi
s
BSC
A
IuC
S
RNC
MS
Mc
Mc
Iub
Node
B
Gb
IuP
S
SM
SC
HL
R
PCR
F
N
b
MGW
RADIU
S
DN
S
Charging
Centre
NMS / OSS
DHC
P
SGSN
Gx/Gz
Gn
GGSN
PST
N
Othe
r
PLM
N
Gi
Mobile Subscriber
BTS
BSC
Controlling BTS
NodeB
n/a
RNC
Controlling NodeB
MSS
VLR
HLR
MGW
Media Gateway
SGSN
GGSN
Session Management , IP
address allocation, QoS
enforcement, Routing toward
internet.
Packet Switching
Mostly used in the Packet Data
Connection.. . e.g. internet browsing
Whenever an MS sends or receives
data, data is organized into packet and
each packet has source / destination ID.
Attach
request..
TS
23.060
TS
24.008
TS
29.060
Herewith the
info
HL
R
MS
Gn
DNS
BTS /
Nodeb
Abis /
Iub
I am attached
to the network
and want to
browse, by
activating PDP
context
BSC
RNC
Gb
IuPS
SGSN
Attach
accepted..
Gn
GGSN
Internet
DNS
Note :
All procedures here are simplified for
overview only. Reader should refer to above
reference for detail procedures.
TS
23.060
TS
24.008
TS
29.060
HL
R
MS
Gn
DNS
BTS /
Nodeb
I am attached
to the network
and want to
browse , by
activating PDP
context
Abis Iub
BSC
RNC
Gb
-IuPS
SGSN
1
1
PDP context activation
accepted, now browse to
www.google.com.au
Gn
GGSN
6
PDP context activation received
from MS,
What is the IP address of the
GGSN that serving this APN ? ?
Note :
All procedures here are simplified for
overview only. Reader should refer to above
reference for detail procedures.
Create PDP
Context
Request
1
0
Create PDP context
accepted, send this
info to MS
Gi
Internet
DNS
MS
TS
23.060
TS
24.008
TS
29.060
Gn
DNS
BTS /
Nodeb
Abis Iub
1
1
PDP context activation
accepted, now browse to
www.google.com.au
BSC
RNC
1
2
Gb
-IuPS
SGSN
Gn
GGSN
Gi
1
3
Internet
DNS
Note :
All procedures here are simplified for
overview only. Reader should refer to above
reference for detail procedures.
Handover
Action of switching a
call in progress
from one radio
channel to another to
secure the continuity
of an established call.
Move to 4G..???
Waitfirst, let see the widely
involvement of IP protocol.
Protocol used in the control
plane messaging has evolved.
Changes in Transport Layer
protocol while keeping all the
Application Layer remain
unchanged.
Completely changed at
Transport and Application Layer.
R8
2G
BTS/NodeB BSC/RNC
Gb
Iu
BTS
BSC
SGSN
PCRF
Gn
R7 DT
2G SGSN
Gb
Gx
SGi
Internet
S12 DT
R8
3G
Gn
NodeB
RNC
S4
Operator services
SGi
Iu
S11
SGSN
LTE
SGi
S5
PGW
SGW
eNodeB
S1-U
S3
HSS
S6a
S1-MME
SGs
MSC
MME
S10
Control plane
User plane
Acronym used in 4G
E-NodeB
MME
S-GW
Serving Gateway
P-GW
HSS
Manage Permanent 4G
subscriber data. Evolution of
HLR.
TDM
SGSN
IP / MPLS
HL
R
GGSN
Internet
ATM
RNC
TDM
SGSN
IP / MPLS
HL
R
GGSN
Internet
ATM
RNC
HL
R
SGSN
IP / MPLS
GGSN
Internet
RNC
MAP
BSSAP
ISUP
TUP
TCAP
SCCP
M3UA
MTP Layer 3
MTP Layer 2
MTP Layer 1
Legacy Gr Interface
Between SGSN HLR
Using MAP
Application
SS7 protocol
SCTP
IP
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Gr Interface
Between SGSN HLR
Using MAP
Application
SS7 protocol
transported over IP
SCTP
IP
IP
Physical Layer
Physical Layer
Gr Interface
Between SGSN HLR
Using MAP
Application
SS7 protocol
transported over IP
S6a Interface
Between MME HSS
Using Diameter
Application
RFC 3588
TS 29.272
IP is here
User Plane
UE
eNB
PDCP
PDCP
S-GW
GTP-U
GTP-U
GTP-U/GRE
GTP-U/GRE
UDP
UDP
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
IP
IP
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L2
L2
L2
L2
PHY
PHY
L1
L1
L1
L1
Uu
S1-U
UE
Control Plane
P-GW
eNB
S5/S8
MME
NAS
NAS
S-GW
P-GW
GTP-Cv2
GTP-Cv2
PMIP
GTP-Cv2
PMIP
RRC
RRC
S1AP
S1AP
PDCP
PDCP
SCTP
SCTP
UDP
UDP
UDP
RLC
RLC
IP
IP
IP
IP
IP
MAC
MAC
L2
L2
L2
L2
L2
PHY
PHY
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
Uu
S1MME
S11
S5/S8
SGSN /
MME
MME
GTP-Cv2
GTP-Cv2
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
Control Plane
S3/S4/S10/S
16
SGSN
S-GW
GTP-U
GTP-U
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
S4/S12
MME
HSS/EIR
Diamete
r
Diamete
r
SCTP/TCP
SCTP/TCP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
S6a/S6d/S
13
User Plane
Control Plane
and here
Referenc
e:
TS
29.281
TS
23.401
and everywhere
Example : VRF Concept
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
PGW
A
B
C
D
P
E
IP addressing scheme ?
Private/public ?
Running OSPF between Node
and PE
Area 0 or non-backbone ?
Stub or totally stub ? NSSA ?
or should BGP being used ??
VRF
VRF
S5
VRF
S1u OAM
VRF
SGi
A wake up call for Telco Engineer !!!
Multihoming Concept
ISP A
Customer Provider
Costumer
C
ISP B
While in telecommunication has another view about
multihoming.. Client Role
Server Role
192.168.1.1/24
Primary Path
192.168.3.1/24
192.168.2.1/24
Secondary Path
192.168.4.1/24
MS
Herewith the
info
eNode
B
DN
S
What is the S-GW IP Address ?
What is the P-GW IP Address ?
MME
S1u
HS
S
S1
I am attached to
the network and
want to browse to
www.google.com.au
1
1
Herewith the IP
Addresses
S1
1
1
0
Referenc
e:
TS
29.281
TS
23.401
TS
29.274
Packet Data Network
e..g Internet
S-GW
P-GW
SG
i
S5/S8
8
Create Session Request with
IP Address of P-GW
7
Note :
All procedures here are simplified for
overview only. Reader should refer to above
reference for detail procedures.
MS
Referenc
e:
TS
29.281
TS
23.401
TS
29.274
Packet Data Network
DN
S
eNode
B
S1
I am attached to
the network and
want to browse to
www.google.com.au
MME
S1u
1
1
S1
1
e..g Internet
S-GW
P-GW
S5/S8
1
2
SG
i
1
3
Internet
DNS
Note :
All procedures here are simplified for
overview only. Reader should refer to above
reference for detail procedures.
Admission Control
Prioritize bearers based on QoS parameter
Protect network element in case of congestion or overload.
Traffic Control
Traffic classification (queuing, scheduling)
Traffic policing and shaping
Prepare
Optimizati
on
Plan
Operate
Design
Implemen
t
Pre
R8
2G/3
G
SGSN
Gn
R7 DT
GGSN
Gr
HLR/HSS
S6a
Internet
PGW
SGW
S5
LTE
eNodeB
Gi
Gn
SGi
S11
S1-U
S1-MME
SGs
MME
S10
Control plane
User plane
Operator services
MSC
It is a new technology..
New network elements, protocols and
procedures.
Everyone involve may have their own
interpretation during planning,
commissioning and integration.
Limited reference from available
production network.
Always refer to International Standard.
3GPP, RFC and GSMA.
It is all IP..
A complexity of client MPLS
network.
Design and Planning is taking an
important step.
Requires an intensive collaboration
work with IP team.
Things worth to note
L1 implementation. Wrong cable positioning
VLAN and IP addressing, public/private ??
Pay attention into any node limitation : port
type, MTU, active/standby behavior, Load
Balance concept, Client-Server role
EIR
HSS
HSS
HSS
HSS
DR
DR
AA
MME
MME
MME
EIR
Roaming
Partner
/GRX
MME
More Information
Technical Specification and Standard. Readable and
downloadable for public
www.3gpp.org/specification-numbering
www.ietf.org
http://www.gsma.com/newsroom/technical-documents
EPC Product Knowledge. Also readable and downloadable
for public
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps11072/products_i
nstallation_and_configuration_guides_list.html
Further discussion
Parakontel
Indocisco
Thank You.
Images Credits
http://wallpoper.com/wallpaper/board-circuit-253188
http://forzamotorsport.net/en-US/fm4/tracks.aspx?t=Circuit_de_Catalunya
http://www.certshelp.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ip-address.jpg
http://coachgiorgio.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/teamwork4.jpg
Further discussion.