STEROIDS

WHAT IS STEROIDS
TO KNOW THIS we first have to know
about there origin i.e.
There origin is hormones
Hormones are divided into two parts
1 .steroidal hormone
& 2 .non steroidal hormone
So from here we can understood that
from where steroids are known

DEFINITION
Steroids form a group of structurally related compounds
which are widely distributed in animals and plants.
Included in the steroids are:
1. Sterols
2. Vitamin D
3. Bile acids
4. No. of sex hormones
5. Some Carcinogenic hydrocarbon
6. Adrenal Cortex hormones
7. Certain Sapogenins

BIOLOGICAL
ADRENAL
CORTEX
CLASSIFICATION

Hormones
These are the chemical substances
which are secreted by the ductless
gland.
There minute amount are necessary to
produce the various physiological
reaction in the body are called
hormones.

STEROIDAL HORMONE
They have some characteristics of
true steroid as receptor ligands but lack
planar fused four-ring

i.e. 1,2
Cyclopentanophenantherene nucleus
They are further classified into:
Sex hormones
Adrenal Cortex hormones

STEROIDAL HORMONE
They have some characteristics of
true steroid as receptor ligands but lack
planar fused four-ring

i.e. 1,2
Cyclopentanophenantherene nucleus
They are further classified into:
Sex hormones
Adrenal Cortex hormones

All the steroids either Sterols, Sex

hormones, Adrenal Cortical hormone etc
contains the basic nucleus
i.e. 1,2 Cyclopentanophenantherene
skeleton

How we can say compound is a

steroid
All steroids gives diels hydrocarbon.

Infact chemically steroids could be

defined as any compound which
gives diels hydrocarbon on
dehydrogenation with selenium at
360 C.

They are also defined as those

compounds which on distillation with
Se, at 420 C gives :
Chrysene(as a major product) &
Picene(as minor product)

What is Diels hydrocarbon

It is a solid compound having m.p. 126-127 C
Its molecular formula is C18H16.
There structure is confirmed by X-ray crystal
analysis and absorption spectrum
measurement.
It shows that the hydrocarbon is probably
3-methyl-1,2-cyclopentanophenanthrene.
This structure was definitely established by its
synthesis.
e.g. that of Harper, Kon & Ruzicka(1934)
who used Bogert-Cook method

Synthesis
When -naphthyl ethyl magnesium
bromide (2-(1-naphthyl)-ethyl
magnesium bromide is treated with
2,5 dimethyl cyclopentanone
followed with treatment with P2O5
under reduced pressure and further
undergoes Se distillation gives diels
hydrocarbon.

sterols
Sterols occur in plants ,animals, &
fungi.
They are crystalline compounds &
contains an alcoholic group.
They occur as free or Ester of higher
Fatty acid.
THE FIRST MEMBER OF THIS SERIES
IS CHOLESTROL
,Cholestanol,Caprostanol.

TYPES OF STEROL
There are three types of sterol

PHYTO STEROL
Those sterols which are obtained
from oil & fats of plant are called
plant sterols or phyto sterols.
E.g.- Ergosterol

ZOO STEROLS
Those sterols which are obtained
from oil & fats of animals are called
animal sterols or Zoo sterols.
E.g. Cholestrol.

CHOLESTROL
IT is sterol of higher animal occuring freely
or as fatty ester in all animal cell.
Sources of sterols are fish liver oil & human
& cattle.
Human body synthesis it as well as absorb
it from food.
It is white crystalline solid having m.p.-149
It is optically active compound & have
specific rotation

Cholesterol & other sterols give

many colour reaction
SALKOWSKI REACTION:

ADVERSE EFFECT OF
STEROIDS
Acne
Irritability & aggression
Liver cancer
Heart attack
Elevated cholesterol level
Adolscent use may cause a premature stop
in lengthening of bones (STUNTED GROWTH)
MOOD SWINGS
CANCER

POSITIVE EFFECT
Doctors prescribed method increases
muscle tissue for cancer patient
Muscle strength increases & tissue
growth will occur with steroid use.
Cortisol is used as anti inflammatory
agent

CH
C O
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