Highway Engineering

Traffic Engineering
Studies
Group Members
Matric Number
AFANDI BIN SAFI
A141506
AMIRUL ANWAR BIN MOHD SOLONG
A139607
MOHD AZMAN BIN SAMER
A141428
MUHAMMAD TAUFIQ BIN OTHMAN

A141468

SPOT SPEED STUDIES

To estimate speed distribution of vehicles in a stream of traffic at particular
location on a highway.

Location

Time of Day
and Duration

Basic data
collection
Speed trend
analyses
Specific traffic
engineering
problem

Free-flowing
or off-peak
hour
Nature of
complaints
>=1hour,
>=30 vehicles

Sample Size
Average
Speed
Median Speed
Modal Speed
The ithpercentile
Spot Speed
Pace
Standard
Deviation of

SPOT SPEED STUDIES

Methods
Manual
Pavement markings
Enoscope or Mirror box

Automatic
Road detectors
Pneumatic road tubes
Inductive loop

Radar-Based Traffic Sensors

Electronic-Principle Detectors

SPOT SPEED STUDIES

spot speed studies are usually taken only from a sample of

vehicles
using the section of the highway on which the study is
conducted.
These data are used to determine the speed characteristics of
the whole population of vehicles.
Most commonly used is the frequency distribution table

SPOT SPEED STUDIES

Other Forms of Presentation and Analysis of Speed Data
May require a more complicated presentation and analysis of
the speed data
May be necessary for the speed data to be fitted into a
suitable theoretical frequency distribution.
methods of hypothesis testing: Chi square testing
Comparison of mean speed
Sometimes necessary to know if there is significant difference
between the mean speeds of two spot speed studies.

VOLUME STUDIES
Traffic Volume Data Presentation
1. Traffic flow map - Show individual routes. Volume of traffic is
represented by the width of a band.
2. Intersection summary sheets - Graphic representations of
the volume and directions of all traffic movement at the
intersection.
3. Time-based distribution charts - Show hourly, monthly and
annual variation in traffic volume in an area or a highway.
4. Summary Tables - Summary of traffic volume data such as
PHV, Vehicle Classification (VC) and ADT in tabular form.

VOLUME STUDIES
Traffic Volume Characteristic
Based on regular observation of traffic volumes over the
years.
This variation is repetitive and rhythmic.
Taken into consideration when traffic counts are being
planned.
Factors: Weather and peak hours.
.

VOLUME STUDIES
Sample Size and Adjustment of Periodic Counts
Minimum sample size depends on the precision level desired
(95-5 is commonly used).
When sample size < 30, selection of counting station is
random.
Minimum sample equation,

VOLUME STUDIES
Sample Size and Adjustment of Periodic Counts
Adjustment of periodic counts,