AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS

FASTENERS FOR EVERY

APPLICATION

TYPES OF MECHANICAL FASTENERS

Bolts or cap screws

Nuts
Washers
Studs
Cotter pins
Roll pins
Snap rings

AND STILL MORE . . .

BOLTS

The most common threaded

fastener
Many variations
Uses either a metric or
standard thread pitch
measured in threads per
inch or millimeters
The bolt size is its diameter.
Hex size is the wrench size.
Length is measured from
hex to threaded end.
Bolt grade markings are on
the top of the hex.
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BOLT GRADES ( HARDNESS)

NAMING BOLTS

CLAMPING FORCE

BOLT SIZE
The

size of
the bolt is the
diameter of
the shank of
the bolt.
Metrics in
millimeters.
Standards in
fractions of
an inch.
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BOLT LENGTH
The

bolt
length is the
distance
from the hex
head to the
end of the
thread.
10

THREAD PITCH
Two

general types
of bolts used.
Standard fractional
inch sizes.
Metric millimeter
sizes.
Look at the top of
the hex head to tell
the difference.
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THREAD CLASSIFICATION
UNC-United

National Course
UNF-UnitedNational Fine
NPT-National Pipe
Thread
Metric

12

BOLT DESIGNATIONS
First

item is bolt
size which is the
same as the bolt
diameter.
Second item is the
thread pitch.
Third is bolt length.

13

MEASURING THREAD PITCH

The

pitch gauge has

teeth much like the
threads. Put the
gauge that fits into
the threads and read
the number on the
gauge.

Standards

per inch.

in threads

Metrics

in threads per
millimeters.
14

HEX HEAD SIZES

Metric
This

is the size
wrench that will
be needed to
install or remove
a bolt.
Pay attention to
metric or
standard.
Torque to proper
amount.

Standard

15

STUDS

Studs

look similar
to a bolt but have
no hex head for a
wrench.

One

end screws
into an engine
part and the other
holds a different
part on with a
nut.

16

NUTS

17

WASHERS
Washers

help the
bolt head with
support.
Washer can be lock
washers to keep the
bolt from working
loose.

18

. . . AND MORE WASHERS

19

 Cotter

COTTER PINS

pins are used

to secure nuts to
shafts so they dont
come loose.

Often

used with a
castle nut.

20

SNAP RINGS
Snap

rings are used

to secure bearings,
gears, and linkages.

21

TORQUE WRENCHES
Torque

wrench
measure how much
you are tightening a
bolt.

Bolts

can only take so

much torque or they
break off! Thats a
bad thing.
22

HOW MUCH TORQUE?

The

amount to
torque a bolt
depends on two
important items.
1 The diameter of
the bolt. (the fatter
the stronger)
2 The grade of the
bolt. (the better the
grade the more
torque it can take)
23

BOLT TORQUE CHARTS

These

are found in
repair manuals,
service manuals
and on computer
data systems.

Torque

Sequence

24

THREAD LOCK
Compounds

such as
Locktite
literally glue
the threads so
they dont
vibrate loose.

25

ANTI-SEIZE COMPOUNDS
Inhibits

the
threads from
rusting up and
totally
jamming
together.
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SCREWS

27

KEYS

28

SHAFTS WITH SPLINES

29

THREAD REPAIR TOOLS

30

TAPS & DIES

31

THREAD INSERTS (HELICOILS)

32