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1
W (u )
N
N 1
x 0
n 1
f ( x) (1) bi ( x )bn1i (u )
i 0
1
f ( x)
N
N 1
n 1
u 0
i 0
bi ( x ) bn1i ( u )
W
(
u
)
(
1
)
1-D WT Cont..
If
Then
z = 6 (110 in binary)
b0(z) = 0; b1(z) = 1;
b2(z) = 1;
For N = 4; n = 2.
The basis function h(x,u) is found from
n 1
h( x, u ) ( 1) bi ( x ) bn1i ( u )
i 0
1
1
1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1
1-D WT Cont..
1
W (u , v)
N
N 1
N 1
x 0
y 0
n 1
1
f ( x, y )
N
N 1
u 0
N 1
n 1
v 0
i 0
bi ( x ) bn1i ( u ) bi ( y ) bn1i ( v )
W
(
u
,
v
)
(
1
)
1 1 1 1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1
1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
We can see that the forward and inverse Walsh kernels are
identical for 2-D.This is because the array formed by the
kernel is a symmetric matrix having orthogonal rows and
columns, so its inverse array is the array itself.
N 1
f ( x) (1)
n 1
bi ( x ) bi ( u )
i 0
x 0
N 1
H (u ) (1)
u 0
n 1
bi ( x ) bi ( u )
i 0
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
N 1
N 1
f ( x, y ) (1)
x 0
n 1
bi ( x ) bi ( u ) bi ( y ) bi ( v )
i 0
y 0
N 1
N 1
H (u, v) (1)
u 0
v 0
n 1
bi ( x ) bi ( u ) bi ( y ) bi ( v )
i 0
H
N
N
1 1 1 1
H4
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
N 1
n 1
bi ( x ) pi (u )
f ( x) (1) i0
x 0
p0(u) = bn-1(u)
H
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
Comparison