CIRCULATO

RY
SYSTEM

Circulatory System
TheCirculatory Systemis
responsible for transporting materials
throughout the entire body. It
transports nutrients, water, and
oxygen to your billions of body cells
and carries away wastes such as
carbon dioxide that body cells
produce.It is an amazing highway that
travels through your entire body
connecting all your body cells.

pulmonary vein

pulmonary artery

lungs
head & arms
aorta
main
vein

Righ
t

Left
liver

digestive system
kidneys
legs

Our circulatory system is a double circulatory

system.
This means it has two parts parts.
Lungs

the right side of

the left side of

the system

the system

deals with

deals with

deoxygenated

oxygenated

blood.

blood.
Body cells

Parts of the Circulatory

System
The circulatory System is
divided into three major
parts:
The Heart
The Blood
The Blood Vessels

The Heart
The heart is located a little to the
left of the middle of your chest and
is about the size of your fist.
The right and left sides of the heart
each have an upper chamber
(ATRIUM), which collects blood and
pumps it into the lower chamber
(VENTRICLES), which pumps blood
out.

 To ensure the blood flow in only one

direction, each ventricle has an IN
(inlet) valve and an OUT (outlet)
valve. In the left ventricle, the inlet
valve is the MITRAL VALVE, and outlet
valve is the AORTIC VALVE. In the
right ventricle, the inlet valve is the
TRICUSPID VALVE, and the outlet
valve is the PULMONARY (pulmonic)
VALVE. Each valves consists of flaps
(CUSPS or leaflets) which open and
close like one-way swinging doors.
The mitral valve has 2 cusps;

This is a vein.
It brings blood
from the body,
except the
lungs
2
atria
2
ventricles

The heart has four

chambers

THE
HEART

These are the

arteries .
They carry
the blood
away from
the heart.
Coronary
arteries, the
hearts own
blood supply.

THE HEART
Artery to
lungs
Vein from
Head and
body
Right
Atrium
Valve

Right
Ventricl

Artery to Head and

body
Vein from
lungs
Left
Atrium
Valve
Left
Ventri

How does the Heart work?

STEP ONE
blood from the
body

blood from
the lungs

The heart beat begins when

the
heart muscles relax and
blood
flows into the atria.

How does the Heart work?

STEP TWO

The atria then contract

and
the valves open to
allow blood
into the ventricles.

How does the Heart work?

STEP THREE
The valves close to stop
blood
flowing backwards.
The ventricles contract
forcing
the blood to leave the heart.
At the same time, the atria
are
The cycle then
repeats and
itself.
relaxing
once again

THE BLOOD VESSELS

ARTERY
Thick walled muscle.
Carry blood away from the heart.
the elastic fibres
allow the artery to
stretch under
pressure
thick muscle and
elastic fibres
the thick muscle can
contract to push the blood

VEIN
Carry blood towards the heart.
Thin walled muscle.
veins have valves
which act to stop the
blood from going in the
wrong direction.

thin muscle
and elastic
fibres

body muscles surround the

veins so that when they
contract to move the body,
they also squeeze the veins
and push the blood along the

CAPILLARY

Capillary walls are only one cell thick,

allowing exchange of gases, nutrients,
and wastes.

THE BLOOD
Red blood
cell

Platelet

White blood cell

Plasma

RED BLOOD CELLS

Also called Erythrocytes.
Make up about 40% of
the bloods volume.
Contains Hemoglobin,
which gives blood its red
color and carry O2 from the
lungs.

WHITE BLOOD CELL

Also called Leukocytes.
1 WBC = 600 RBCs
Responsible for defending
the body against infection.

PLATELETS
Also called Thrombocytes.
Smaller than WBC and RBC.
1 platelet = 20 RBC
Helps in the clotting process.
Survive only 9 days in the
bloodstream.

PLASMA
Liquid component of the blood.
Constitutes more than half of
the bloods volume.
Consists of dissolved salts
(electrolytes) and proteins.
Contains Albumin which binds
and carries substances such as hormones
certain drug.
Includes Antibodies (Immunoglobulin),
which defend the body against viruses,
bacteria, fungi and cancer cells.

 carbon dioxide
glucose
amino acids
proteins
minerals
vitamins
hormones
waste
materials
like urea.

COMMON DISEASES OF
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Anemia - lack of iron in the blood, low RBC
count.
Leukemia - white blood cells proliferate wildly,
causing anemia.
Hemophilia - bleeders disease, due to lack of
fibrinogen in thrombocytes.
Heart Murmur - abnormal heart beat, caused
by valve problems.
Heart attack -blood vessels around the heart
become blocked with plaque, also called
myocardial infarction.