SEMINAR ON

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC:BASIC
& APPLICATION

HISTORY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC

The term Photo comes from the

Greek meaning light, and voltaic,
from the name of the Italian physicist
Volta.

Solar Cells were first used in Vanguard I

satellite, launched in 1958.

SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC
Solar photovoltaic is a field if solar energy
utilization by which solar energy is converted
into electrical energy or electricity using a
device called photovoltaic(PV) cell or solar
cell.

SOLAR CELL
A solar cell (photovoltaic cell or
photoelectric cell) is a solid state
electrical device that converts the
energy of light into electrical energy or
electricity

Generations OF SOLAR CELL

SOLAR CELLS ARE OF THREE TYPES:
1.First generation
2. Second generation
3.Third generation

FIRST GENERATION SOLAR CELL

SECOND GENERATION SOLAR

CELL
1.AMORPHOUS SILICON CELLS

2.POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON ON LOW COST

SUBSTRATE

3.COPPER INDIUM DISELENIDE (CIS) CELLS

4.CADMIUM TELLURIDE CELLS

THIRD GENERATION SOLAR

CELL

WORKING OF SOLAR CELL

MANUFACTURING OF SOLAR
CELL
STEP 1. CRYSTAL GROWING
1.CHARGING

2.MELTING

3.GROWING

4.COOLING

Step 2. Crystal growing

1.CUTTTING

2.SQUARING

3.SLICING

tep 3. Converting wafers into cells

.ETCHING

.DIFFUSING

.COLOURING AND PRINTING

STEP 4. SOLAR PANEL ASSEMBLY

1.STRINGING CELLS INTO SOLAR PANELS
2.SOLDERING
3. FRAMING

4. INSPECTION AND SHIPPING

APPLICATIONS
1.RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
1. WATER PUMPING

2. STREET LIGHTING

3. HEALTH CARE

2. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
1. OCEAN NAVIGATIONS
2. TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

3. REMOTE MONITORING AND CONTROL

4. BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC

5. SOLAR CAR

6. CONCENTRIC SOLAR POWER

7. CONSUMER PRODUCTS
8. CATHODIC PROTECTION

3. ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION

IN THE SPACE

4. PHOTOVOLTAIC
POWER STATIONS

ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS

1.The solar photovoltaic systems are safe, clean and quiet to
operate, environmentally friendly no pollution is made.
3. The running cost of solar photovoltaic systems are very
minimal.
4. No use of conventional fuels sources.
5. Fuel used in the solar photovoltaic systems is almost free.
6. Minimal maintenance requirements for the systems.
7. The solar photovoltaic systems can serve for long lifetime,
up to 30 years.
8. Solar photovoltaic systems can generate large amount of
electricity for power plants.
9. No hazardous emissions are carried out by the system.

DISADVANTAGES
1. High initial cost for instalments of the system.
2. PV cannot operate without light weather conditions are so affect the
systems like rainy day.
3. Large area needed for large scale applications.
4. PV generates direct current: special DC appliances or inverters are
needed in off-grid applications energy storage is needed, such as
batteries.
5. PV systems are not well suited for highly energy-intensive uses such
as heating.
6. Grid-connected systems are rarely economical, primarily because the
current cost of the PV technology is much higher than the cost of
conventional energy.

THANK
YOU