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Anatomy and
Physiology
Part I
Urinary System
Kidneys (2)
Ureters (2)
Bladder (1)
Urethra (1)
Nephron Unit
Urinary System
Anterior/Posterior Views
Kidney Structures
Kidney is reddish-brown
Looks like a bean
Approximately 4 inches x 2 inches
Hilus indentation where blood vessels
and structures enter or exit the kidney
Three Regions in the kidney if sliced in
half renal cortex, renal medulla, renal
pelvis
Renal Cortex
Light, outside
region
Cortex means
bark
Contains: Nephron
Renal Medulla
Dark, triangular
structure
Form small cone
shaped regions called
renal pyramids
Each pyramid is
separated by renal
columns
The lower ends of the
pyramids point to the
renal pelvis
Renal Medulla
Contains: Loops
of Henle, Vasa
Recta and
collecting ducts
of the
juztamedullary
nephrons.
Each kidney
contains 8 -18
pyramids.
Pyramids drain
into 4 13
minor calices.
2 3 major
calices.
Renal pelvis
Renal pelvis
Is the beginning
of collecting
system and
composed
structures that
are designed to
COLLECT and
TRANSPORT
URINE.
Renal Tubules
Nephron
Renal Vasculature
Urine Formation
Normal Urine
Composition of Urine
Sterile
95 % water
Nitrogen containing waste urea, uric
acid, ammonia, creatinine
Electrolytes
Light yellow color of urine is due to a
pigment called urochrome
Urochrome is formed from the
breakdown of hemoglobin in the liver
Ex. dehydration
Urine Characteristics
Abnormal Constituents
of Urine
Albumin (protein)
Glucose
Red blood cells
Hemoglobin
White blood cells
Ketone bodies
Bilirubin
Urine Testing
Urinalysis
Microscopic exam
Culture and sensitivity
Urine dipstick
Urine Drug and alcohol screening
24 hour urine testing
Your Plumbing
The Bladder
Mucous membrane
Submucosa
Detrusor muscle involuntary smooth muscle
Serosa
Urination Micturition
Urethra
Kidney dysfunction
Characteristics of urine
Color
Sediment
Clear or cloudy
Odor
Urgency
Frequency
Burning sensation
Hesitancy
12th Rib
T12
L. Kidney
L
1
Costovertebral Angle
Glomerulonephritis
Polycystic Kidney
Pyelonephritis
Renal Calculi kidney stones
Renal Failure
UTI urinary tract infection
As We Age
Functions of
Genitourinary System
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Excretion
Regulation