Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Prepared by
Coby Harmon
University of California, Santa Barbara
Westmont College
Learning Objective
1. Account for short-term investments
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LO 1
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LO 1
Trading
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Available-forSale
Held-toMaturity
LO 1
Trading
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Available-forSale
Held-toMaturity
LO 1
Trading
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Available-forSale
Held-toMaturity
LO 1
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LO 1
Trading Securities
Suppose that, on June 18, 2014, Apple, Inc., purchases 5,000
shares of Intel stock as a trading security. For simplicity, suppose
that the Intel stock is Apple, Inc.s only short-term investment.
Apple, Inc., buys the Intel stock during 2014 for $20 per share,
paying $100,000 cash. Apple, Inc., records the purchase of the
investment at cost:
Account
June 18
Debit
Credit
100,000
100,000
Purchase investment
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LO 1
Trading Securities
Assume that, on June 30, Apple, Inc., receives a cash dividend of
$4,000 from Intel. Apple, Inc., records the dividend revenue as:
Account
June 30
Cash
Debit
Credit
4,000
Dividend Revenue
4,000
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LO 1
Trading Securities
Unrealized Gains and Losses
Trading securities are reported on the balance sheet at current
fair (market) value
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Unrealized
gain
Unrealized
loss
LO 1
Debit
Credit
10,000
10,000
100,000
10,000
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110,000
10,000
Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved.
LO 1
Debit
Credit
5,000
5,000
105,000
5,000
LO 1
Trading Securities
Realized Gains and Losses
Occurs only when the investor sells an investment
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Realized
gain
Realized
loss
LO 1
Debit
Credit
107,000
105,000
2,000
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LO 1
Available-for-Sale Securities
Same as Trading Securities
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LO 1
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LO 1
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LO 1
Illustration
Eastern Corporation, the investment banking company, often has extra
cash to invest. Suppose Eastern buys 1,000 shares of Dream, Inc.,
stock at $57 per share. Assume Eastern expects to hold the Dream
stock for one month and then sell it. The purchase occurs on
December 15, 2014. At December 31, the market price of a share of
Dream stock is $58 per share.
Requirements
1. What type of investment is this to Eastern? Give the reason for
your answer.
Trading
Eastern intends to sell the stock within a short time
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LO 1
Illustration.
Account
Dec. 15
Debit
Credit
57,000
57,000
Cash
(1,000 shares x $57)
Dec. 31
1,000
1,000
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LO 1
Illustration.
its balance sheet at December 31 and any gain or loss on its income
statement for the year ended December 31, 2014.
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LO 4
Illustration.
Available-for-Sale
Facts state it is not a trading security
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LO 4
Illustration.
Account
Dec. 15
Investment in AFSS
Debit
Credit
57,000
57,000
Cash
(1,000 shares x $57)
Dec. 31
1,000
1,000
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LO 1
Illustration.
its balance sheet at December 31 and any gain or loss on its income
statement for the year ended December 31, 2014.
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LO 4
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LO 1
Learning Objective
2. Apply GAAP for proper revenue recognition
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LO 2
Debit
Credit
3,000,000
3,000,000
(30,000 x $100)
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LO 2
Shipping Terms
Ownership Changes Hands and
Shipping Terms Revenue Recognized
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FOB
(free on board)
shipping point
FOB
(free on board)
destination
LO 2
Sales Discounts
Typical incentive
2/10, n/30
2% discount if
paid within 10
days
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Full amount
due in 30 days
LO 2
Sales Discounts
If Apple, Inc. offered AT&T Wireless terms of 2/10, n/30 and AT&T
pays the invoice within 10 days, it is entitled to a $60,000 discount
($3,000,000 sale times 2%). The collection of this receivable is
recorded as follows:
Account
Cash
Credit
2,940,000
Sales Discount
Accounts Receivable
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Debit
60,000
3,000,000
LO 2
Account
Sales Returns and Allowances
Accounts Receivable
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Debit
Credit
10,000
10,000
LO 2
Learning Objective
3. Account for and control accounts receivable
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LO 3
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LO 3
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LO 3
Bal.
GENERAL LEDGER
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
SUBSIDIARY LEDGER
Accounts Receivable
Brown
9,000
Bal.
5,000
FedEx
Total
$9,000
Bal.
1,000
Moodys
Bal.
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3,000
LO 3
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LO 3
5-39
Examples
Interest receivable
Advances to employees
LO 3
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Bookkeeper should
Lockbox system
LO 3
Managing
Receivables
Issues
5-41
Plan of Action
LO 3
Accounting for
Receivables
Issues
5-42
Plan of Action
Reportreceivables
receivables
NRV:
Report
at at
NRV:
Balance
Balancesheet
sheet
Receivables
Receivables $1,000
Less:
Allowance for uncollectible
accounts(80)
Receivables, net $ 920
LO 3
Learning Objective
4. Evaluate collectibility using the allowance for
uncollectible accounts
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Cost of Selling
on Credit
LO 4
Allowance Method
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LO 4
Allowance Method
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LO 4
Allowance Method
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Alternate
Presentation
LO 4
Allowance Method
Two basic ways to estimate uncollectibles:
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Percent-of-Sales
Method
Income
Statement
Approach
Aging-ofReceivables
Method
Balance
Sheet
Approach
LO 4
Allowance Method
Two basic ways to estimate uncollectibles:
Income
Statement
Approach
Percent-of-Sales
Method
Estimate %
Uncollectible
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Sales
Revenue
UncollectibleAccount
Expense
LO 4
Allowance for
Uncollectible Accounts
10
Suppose Apple, Inc.s credit department estimates that uncollectibleaccount expense is 0.0005 (1/20 of 1%) of total revenues, which are
$156,508 million. The entry that records uncollectible-account
expense for the year also updates the allowance as follows (using
Apple, Inc., figures).
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LO 4
Account
Sep. 29 Uncollectible-Account Expense
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts
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Debit
Credit
78
78
LO 4
Percent-of-Sales.
Allowance for
Uncollectible Accounts
Accounts Receivable
11,028
10
Adj
Bal
78
Net accounts receivable, $10,940
88
UncollectibleAccount Expense
78
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LO 4
Allowance Method
Two basic ways to estimate uncollectibles:
Aging-ofReceivables
Method
Estimate %
Uncollectible
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Balance
Sheet
Approach
Accounts
Receivable
Allowance for
Uncollectible
Accounts
LO 4
Allowance for
Uncollectible Accounts
10
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LO 4
Aging-of-Receivables.
Exhibit 5-3 | Aging Accounts Receivable of Apple, Inc.
LO 4
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Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved.
Account
Sep. 29 Uncollectible-Account Expense
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts
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Debit
Credit
88
88
LO 4
Aging-of-Receivables.
Allowance for
Uncollectible Accounts
Accounts Receivable
11,028
10
Adj
Bal
88
Net accounts receivable, $10,930
98
UncollectibleAccount Expense
88
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LO 4
Allowance for
Uncollectible Accounts
98
Accounts ReceivableTM
Total Accounts Receivable =
$11,028
3
Accounts ReceivableOther
11,016
LO 4
Debit
Credit
9
9
+9
-9
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LO 4
Debit
Credit
9
9
Accounts ReceivableRS
Allowance for
Uncollectible Accounts
Accounts ReceivableRS
9
0
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98
89
LO 4
Accounts ReceivableRS
9
98
Accounts ReceivableTM
89
Total Accounts Receivable =
$11,019
3
Accounts ReceivableOther
11,016
LO 4
Impact of Write-Off
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LO 4
Allowance Method
Exhibit 5-4 | Comparing the Percent-of-Sales and Aging Methods for
Estimating Uncollectible Accounts
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LO 4
Illustration
On November 30, High Peaks Party Planners had a $34,000 balance in
Accounts Receivable and a $3,000 credit balance in Allowance for
Uncollectible Accounts. During December, High Peaks Party Planners
made credit sales of $159,000. December collections on account were
$130,000, and write-offs of uncollectible receivables totaled $2,700.
Uncollectible-accounts expense is estimated as 1% of credit sales.
Requirements
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1.
2.
Show how High Peaks Party Planners will report accounts receivable
and net sales on its December 31 balance sheet and income
statement for the month ended December 31.
Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved.
LO 4
Illustration.
Accounts Receivable
Debit
159,000
159,000
Sales Revenue
Dec
Cash
130,000
130,000
Accounts Receivable
Dec
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Credit
2,700
2,700
LO 4
Illustration.
Debit
Uncollectible-Account Expense
1,590
Accounts Receivable
34,000
159,000
Bal.
130,000
2,700
Credit
1,590
Allowance for
Uncollectible Accounts
2,700
60,300
3,000
1,590
Bal.
1,890
LO 4
Illustration.
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LO 4
Not GAAP
1. No allowance for uncollectibles
2. Receivables (assets) may be overstated
3. Fails to recognize expense in same period in which
sales revenue is earned
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LO 4
Account
Jan. 31 Uncollectible-Account Expense
Accounts ReceivableRS
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Debit
Credit
9
9
LO 4
Record
revenue on
account
Debit
Credit
1,800
1,800
Accounts Receivable
Beginning balance
Sales on account
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200
1,800
LO 4
Write-off of
uncollectible
account
Debit
Credit
100
Accounts Receivable
100
Accounts Receivable
Beginning balance
Sales on account
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100
1,800
LO 4
Record
collection on
account
Debit
Credit
1,500
Accounts Receivable
1,500
Accounts Receivable
Beginning balance
Sales on account
Ending balance
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100
1,500
400
LO 4
Accounts Receivable
Beginning balance
Sales on account
Ending balance
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100
1,500
400
LO 4
Learning Objective
5. Account for notes receivable
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Debtor
Interest
Maturity date
Maturity value
Principal
Term
LO 5
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Principal
LO 5
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LO 5
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Payee (Creditor)
LO 5
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Maturity date
LO 5
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Interest rate
LO 5
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Maker (Debtor)
LO 5
Account
Aug 31
Notes ReceivableL.Holland
Cash
Debit
Credit
1,000
1,000
Made a loan
LO 5
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Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved.
Account
Dec 31
Debit
Interest Receivable
Credit
30
30
Interest Revenue
Accrued interest
.09 Rate
Interest
4/12
Time
Amount$30
of Interest
LO 5
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LO 5
Account
Feb 28
Debit
Cash
1,045
Notes ReceivableL.Holland
5-85
Credit
1,000
Interest Receivable
30
Interest Revenue
15
LO 5
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Months/12
Days/365
LO 5
Learning Objective
6. Show how to speed up cash flow from
receivables
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Sales discounts
LO 6
$5,000 x 2% = $100
Account
Cash
Credit
4,900
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Debit
100
5,000
LO 6
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LO 6
Account
Cash
Credit
95,000
Financing Expense
Accounts Receivable
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Debit
5,000
100,000
LO 6
Learning Objective
7. Evaluate liquidity using two new ratios
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LO 7
Net sales
365 days
* Average
net
=
receivables
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LO 7
Illustration
Arcadia, Inc., reported the following at December 31, 2014, and
2013:
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LO 7
Marketable
$22,000
securities
Net current
+ $56,000
receivables
.69
Total current
$15,000
+ $107,000
liabilities
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Fairly weak
LO 7
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LO 7
Illustration
Days Sales in Receivables
1. Average daily sales =
2. Days sales in
receivables =
Net sales
365 days
Average net
receivables *
Average daily sales
$728,000
365 days
($56,000 +
$70,000) / 2
$1,995
$1,995
31.6
days
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LO 7
Copyright
This work is protected by United States copyright law and is
provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses
and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of
this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity
of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it
should never be made available to students except by instructors
using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this
work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the
intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors
who rely on these materials.
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