LITERATURE

STUDY
2.01
INTRODUCTION.
TOURISM: INTRODUCTION
Tourism is a dynamic industry. it is the sum of
phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of nonresidents, so far as they do not lead to permanent residence and are
not connected with any earning activity. it denotes the temporary,
short term movement of people to destinations outside the place
where they normally live and work and their activities during their stay
at these destinations. it is said to be a composite industry and it
consists various segments which can produce a wide range of products
and services. tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to
The location and design of tourism
and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more
infrastructure used by tour operators needs
than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.
to be carefully planned, managed and
positioned to ensure it is both useful for
tour operators and contributes to the
conservation of the tropical forest areas.
built infrastructure associated with eco
friendly tours includes paths, boardwalks,
fences, bird hides, viewing platforms,
bridges, suspended walkways, lookouts,
signage,
toilet
facilities,
information
centers and vehicle parking lots. these
structures may facilitate access to and
through tropical forest areas or be used for
distribution of environmental education and
interpretation materials. they may be
positioned within or adjacent to forest
areas, and may be on private, protected or
public land. cooperation between tour
operators and relevant tropical forest
managers, local authorities, landowners
and conservation groups may assist in
creating well-designed infrastructure that
both supports tour activities and conserves
the environment.
Built infrastructure within these areas can
have both positive and negative
environmental impacts on sensitive
environments. raised walkways and
bridges can help prevent erosion from

disturbance to wildlife from wildlife viewing activities. however,

inappropriate design or construction materials can also have
adverse effects. inappropriate paths, bridges and viewing platforms
within these areas can disturb or frighten fauna, interfere with nesting
sites, restrict animal movement, or remove protective canopies or
densely vegetated areas. built structures can also block or redirect
natural watercourses and drainage paths, create over-shaded areas,
and break canopy covers, all which can alter vegetation composition
and distribution and encourage the growth of weeds.
Construction materials may also leach chemicals from paints and
treatments into local water bodies. poorly constructed or maintained
pathways, bridges and lookouts can also pose a threat to visitor safety.
thus tourism can be summed up as follows:
Tourism is a temporary and a short term movement of people.
It is the totality of relationship.
It is the activity concerned with the utilization of leisure hours.
It is an activity involving a complex mixture of material and
psychological elements. it is a composite industry consisting of
various segments.

TYPES OF TOURISM
Domestic tourism involving residents of a country visiting their
own country. inbound tourism involving non-residents visiting a
country other their own.Outbound tourism involving residence of a
country visiting other countries.
these 3 basic forms of tourism can in turn be combined to derive the
following categories of tourists:
Internal tourism which comprises domestic tourism and inbound
tourism.
National tourism which comprises domestic tourism and outbound
tourism.
International tourism: this comprises inbound tourism and outbound
tourism.
Tourism both domestic and international is taking place on a large
scale that it has become a major economic activity in the world. based
on the purpose of travel tourism can be classified into 6 distinct
categories.

Recreational tourism
Cultural tourism
Sports/ adventure tourism
Health tourism
Convention (business/

TOURIST THE CONCEPT

The origin of the word tourist dates back to the 1292 ad.
it has come from the word tour. a number of experts have defined
the term:
tourists are voluntary temporary travellers, travelling in the
expectations of pleasure from the novelty and change experienced on
a relatively and non-recurrent round trip.
tourists are:
Persons Travelling For Pleasure, Health And Domestic Reason.
Persons Arriving In The Course Of Sea Cruise.
Persons Travelling For Business Purposes.
Persons Travelling For Convention.
Not To Be Tourist:
Persons Arriving Without A Work To Take Up An Occupation.
Persons Migrating From Rural Areas To Urban Areas.
Students In Boarding.
Persons Domiciled In One Country And Working In Adjoining
Country
Persons Passing Through A Country / Place Without Stopping.

DESTINATION:
For any type of tourism destination is the main heart
thrust. destination is the reason for travelling and the attraction at
the destination generates the visit. at the same time it has a
inseparable nature of tourism consumption it is consumed where it
is produced. destinations involve multiple use of tourism demand,
transportation, supply and marketing is a useful framework. thus
destination is authentically an important part of tourism. destinations
and their images attract tourists, motivate the visit and therefore
energize the whole tourism system. so destinations must be so
designed and modified to have focus of facilities and services
designed to meet the needs of the tourists.
Most tourist destination comprises a core of the following
components:
ATTRACTIONS: Historical or religious monuments or uniqueness to a
particular place, climate etc.
ACCESS: Transport Terminals (land, rail, air and port) coupled with
efficient local transportation.
AMENITIES: Accommodation, tourist entertainment facilities, food
both local and cosmopolitan.
ANCILLARY SERVICES: Hospitality of the local population easy
access to information etc. this amalgamation of the component of a
destinations come together in many different ways, to create a range
of preferred and non preferred destination.
Users Are Supposed To Visit The Center

WILDLIFE TOURISM
This focus on wildlife tourism seems to reflect three factors.
First, there is increased interest from wildlife management
professionals and non-government wildlife organisations in synergies
that can be gained between wildlife conservation and tourism
involving wildlife .
Second, wild animals are increasingly usedby marketers in some
countries as flagships for promoting tourism in general or nature
based tourism.
This is associated with a third factor: that for many tourists wild
animals are of particular interest compared with other elements of the
natural environment. We do not argue for promotion of wildlife tourism
as a distinct entity, as whether this is worthwhile will depend on the
goals of the person or organisation involved. However there is a wide
range of issues and stakeholders associated particularly with tourism
based on wildlife that merits systematic and critical evaluation, as will
be seen in subsequent chapters.
Wildlife tourism can entail: attractions at fixed sites, tours,
experiences available in association with tourist accommodation, or it
can occur as unguided encounters by independent travellers.
Wildlife tourism can be considered a form of ecotourism when it occurs
within the context of nature-based activities that provides
environmental interpretation and adopts environmentally responsible
practices.
In cases where a tourist travels to a particular destination primarily for
the purpose of having a wildlife experience, then wildlife tourism can
be seen as a form of special interest tourism

Wildlife-watching tourism (viewing or otherwise interacting with freeranging animals)

Captive-wildlife tourism (viewing animals in man-made confinement;
principally zoos, wildlife parks, animal sanctuaries and aquaria; also
includes
circuses and shows by mobile wildlife exhibitors)
Hunting tourism
Fishing tourism

KEY CONSIDERATIONS FORA NATURE RESORT

UNDERSTANDING PLACE - Sustainable design begins with an
intimate understanding of place. If we are sensitive to the nuances of
a place, we can inhabit without destroying it. Understanding place
helps determine design practices such as solar orientation of a
building on the site, topographic factors, climatical impact,
preservation of the natural environment such as the adaptation of
local construction materials and local vernacular influence.
CONNECTING WITH NATURE - Whether the design site is a
building in the inner city or in a more natural setting like by the
beach, on an island or within a secluded tropical landscape or jungle,
connecting with nature
brings the designed environment back to life. Effective design helps
inform us of our place within nature. In Malaysia, construction
materials and natural resources such as local hardwood or other
natural timber species,
rattan, bamboo, thatched, clay or stones, must be primarily
introduced.
UNDERSTANDING NATURAL PROCESSES - In nature there is no
waste. The byproduct of one organism becomes the food for another.
In other words, natural systems are made of closed loops. By working
with living processes, we respect the needs of all species. Engaging
processes that regenerate rather than deplete, we become more
alive.

UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT -Sustainable

design attempts to have an understanding of the environmental
impact of the design by evaluating the site, the embodied energy and
toxicity of the
materials, and the energy efficiency of design, materials and
construction
techniques. Negative environmental impact can be mitigated through
use of sustainable harvested building materials and finishes,
materials with low toxicity in manufacturing and installation, and
recycling building materials while on the job site.

must be studied. The role of tourism authority is utterly important in

providing data, comments or opinions gathered from tourists towards
improving the development of resorts in term of authentic
architectural ideas, quality, comfort, as overall Malaysias intrinsic
image.
UNDERSTANDING PEOPLE - Sustainable design must take into
consideration the wide range of cultures, races, religions and habits
of the people who are going to be using and inhabiting the built
environment. This requires sensitivity and empathy on the needs of
the people and the community.
MINIMIZING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND PROMOTING
HUMAN HEALTH These should be the organizing principles of
sustainable design. The other elements of design can be organized:
energy saving architectural features, energy conserving building
envelope, and energy efficient and health-promoting mechanical,
electrical, and plumbing systems.
With regards of the principles above, there are distinctive similarities
between the sustainable vernacular architecture and authentic
regionalism in the construction of coastal resorts in Malaysia. The
combination of these concepts also associate in maintaining a
delicate balance between the human needs to improve lifestyles and
the feeling of wellbeing on one hand, with preserving the natural
resources and ecosystems on which we and our future generations
depend upon. These combinations of ideas result in elegant and
genuine interpretation of the earlier period of Malay architecture and
in achieving deeper understanding of sustainable development. In
addition to ingeniously applying traditional elements which are
practical, efficient and harmonize beautifully with climatic
requirements and surroundings, the designs must also depict clearly
the way of life and local creativities of earlier civilization.

Current status of wildlife tourism

Wildlife tourism has evolved dramatically over recent decades
(Chapters 2,3,4). Key
identifiable trends over this period are given in Box 13.1.
Box 13.1: Trends in international wildlife tourism
Increased involvement of the commercial tourism industry
Increased levels of participation in (at least some forms of)
wildlife watching
tourism (Chapter 1,2)
Diversification of wildlife watching opportunities wider range of
environments,
target species and types of activity/ product (Chapter 2).
Increased consideration of animal welfare issues (Chapter 3)
Increased environmental awareness (although it is unclear
whether this translates
into demand for environmentally responsible tourism) (Chapter 9)
Increased sophistication in product design (Chapter 9)
Increased use of interpretation, especially in captive settings
(Chapter 12)
Increased use of technology to facilitate wildlife viewing
(Chapters 2,3)
Some blurring of the distinction between captive and free-ranging
wildlife
tourism (Chapters 1,3)
Additional sources: Shackley (1996; 2001),

RESORT
Resort is a place where accomdation, reorientation are ivolved
and most important In a place for enjoyment which drives the mind of
a visitor with its diversified activities. The resort have ap hysical as
well as physiological impact on the minds of the people .Traffic
development and industrialization had lead to the urbanization which
has stolen the mental peace of the human created resort to quench
his theist for the peace. Nesting admist lush given environs,
embraced by hillocks (or) a forest reserve (or) any nature
reserve, resort emerges as an enchanting retreat for everyone .
resort is one of the few places that offer a break from the strain of
hectic life style a completely different world engulf the visitor by
taking a walk along the lonely pathways (or) playing on the lawns
and feeling the concept of given under the feet (or) taking boat ride
(or) plunging into the swimming pool (or) pending a quite
evening and recharging for the week ahead. Resort an of greater
help to urbanized world providing natural surroundings and change of
environment. It is a place for spending complete holding on a serene
and scenic atmosphere away from the maddening crowd of the city
and enjoys the beauty of nature in pleasant atmosphere and
landscape and is in seeking alter the physical landscape as well .
While option fills the air

WILDLIFE RESORT
Wildlife retreat is a place admist the jungle where accomdation,
reorientation are involved accompanied by a lot of adventurous
jungle activities which drives the mind of a visitor with its diversified
activities.
SELF
The resort
have a physical
as well as physiological impact on the
CONTAINED
OF INTEGRATED
minds
of the people .
RESORT
Nesting admist lush given environs, embraced by hillocks and a
A modern form of resort where one can
forest
reserve,this
resort
emerges
as an
have all
the resort
facilities
within
a enchanting retreat for
everyone
boundary. .All the functions are incorporated
but the scope of resort may vary as we
have discussed above, like a resort
focusing on sports may not concern in
health facilities, like wise wildlife safari
resort may not pays attention to
mountaineering. But, it is true that resort is
self contained units, where it is possible to
have as much facilities as a dweller needs.
There are very few amount of selfcontained resort in Nepal, thus, this project

Resort can be classified into several categories and have guidelines

to rate them, but according to service provided by them, it could be
day resort with recreational facilities like, spa, sports, sauna, health
and cuisine facilities with several restaurant, bars, and various other
amenities.
Other resort is that which provides lodging facilities with all necessary
service requirements. There is a guideline stated by Centre for Resort
and Hospitality Business for resorts having lodging facility. This sort of
resort shall,
Provide one signature amenity or anchor attribute
Provide five secondary recreation/leisure/entertainment experiences
Provide one full-service food & beverage outlet
Bed-base must include short-term or overnight lodging
Minimum of 25 rooms or other accommodations (exception to
minimum for properties with two signature amenity/anchor attributes)
Emphasize a leisure or retreat-environment experience
The definition of few terms states above,
SIGNATURE AMENITIES:
Signature
amenities
are
amenities,
attractions, and geographically significant
attributes that a resort requires to provide in
order to be considered as a resort. These
include, for example: golf, ski/mountain,
beach/ocean, lakeside, casino/gaming, allinclusiveness, spa/health/wellness, marina,
tennis, and Water Park.
For
property-generated
or
fabricated
amenities, they need to be considered fullservice to be a signature amenity.

SIGNATURE
AMENITIES

ANCHOR ATTRIBUTE:
It is minimum number of amenities that a
resort should provide in addition to lodging
and cuisine facility.
The minimum number of amenity is five,
below this number; it is no more resort.
Among
various
facilities
like
Health,
Gymnasium,
Sports,
Library,
Museum,
Swimming pool, Educational, Dude ranch,
Casino, Discotheque etc, it should have
minimum of five.
A mixture of various amenities, majestic
hospitality, fantastic built structures and
creative landscapes will create illustrative

ACTIVITIES IN A WILDLIFE RESORT:

Tourism that is based on visitors interacting with wild animals
is attracting
increasing interest from governments, the tourism industry and
researchers. The types of experiences are diverse. They include ski
diving, going on a wildlife safari, fishing from a boat or land, birdwatching either independently or with a commercial guide, spotting
animals while walking in a national park, staying at an eco-resort with
neighboring wildlife, visiting a zoo or wildlife sanctuary, wildlife
photography and trophy hunting. All of these tourism activities, and
CORACLE RIDE
many more, feature wild animals as the major or a significant part of
Coracles are local fishing crafts that are
the experience.
circular and ideal for navigating these waters.
The coracle ride on the river not only helps you
to gauge the myriad moods of the river, but
also gives you a fish-eye view of the
surrounding forest and the habitation, and
allows you to be a small part of the ebb and
flow of river life. The purpose of this activity is
to allow the visitor to experience the river by
bringing him in direct contact with it. The visitor
will get to experience the many moods of the
river as she drifts by.
BIRDWATCHING

Birdingis a form ofwildlife observationin

which the observation ofbirdsis a recreational
activity. It can be done with the naked eye,
through
a
visual
enhancement
device
likebinocularsandtelescopes, or by listening
for bird sounds.
Birdwatching often involves a significant
auditory component, as many bird species are
more easily detected and identified by ear than
by eye. Most birdwatchers pursue this activity
for
recreational
or
social
reasons,
unlikeornithologists, who engage in the study
of birds using formal scientific methods.
RECREATIONAL FISHING
Recreational fishing, also
calledsport fishing, isfishingfor pleasure or
competition.
It
can
be
contrasted
withcommercial fishing, which is fishing for
profit, orsubsistence fishing, which is fishing
for survival.

WILDLIFE PHOTOGRAPHY
Wildlife photography is one of the most
fascinating outbound hobbies. It is a means of
exploring interesting landscapes and species along
with visitng interesting new places.
Wildlife
photographyis
a
genre
ofphotographyconcerned with documenting various
forms ofwildlifein their natural habitat. It is one of
the more challenging forms of photography.
RIVER RAFTING
Raftingandwhite water raftingare
recreationaloutdoor
activitieswhich
use
an
inflatableraftto navigate ariveror other bodies of
water. This is often done onwhitewateror different
degrees of rough water, and generally represents a
new and challenging environment for participants.
Dealing with risk and the need for teamwork is often
a part of the experience.
NATURE CAMPS
Nature Camps is an Outdoor Adventure
and Environmental Education organization committed
to transformative experiential education programs,
promoting individual growth and sensory awareness
for children and parents. Nature Camps is a family
based program, specializing in mixed-age learning.
TRIBAL WALKS
Trek to a tribal colony near a tribal village, and
get a taste of life at its most basic and joyous. Spot
deer gathering at the reservoir at sundown. Or trek
5km up the adjoining hill for a panoramic view of this
living sanctuary.There are a lot of tribes living in this
plateau namely todas, panniyas, kurubas, and the
irulas.
SAFARI
Safari is an overland journey, usually a trip
bytouriststoAfrica. In earlier years, the trip was
abig-gamehunt, but today, safari often refers to trips
to observe andphotographwildlifeor hiking and
sight-seeing.
Safaris
have
today
diversified
considerably from the initial fledgling expeditions of
the pioneering European explorers and colonialists.
Tourism is becoming an increasingly prevalent

RECREATION/LEISURE/ENTERTAINMENT
EXPERIENCES
(RLE-E)
A recreation/leisure/entertainment experience is a secondary amenity
that adds to the resort experience. Any leisure or recreation activities,
which can range from croquet to beach volleyball or organized kids
activities, are considered RLE-E. While RLE-E is not considered primary
resort features, they are important in creating the appropriate
atmosphere and providing a range of activities for guests to
participate in. These attributes are important, along with food &
beverage outlets, in determining whether properties should be
included as resorts once the signature amenity/anchor amenity
minimums are met.

FULL-SERVICE
For the purposes of this definition, full-service shall be defined as a
property that provides a range of amenities and services to address
customer wants and needs. This includes offering a variety of
amenities and activities, a restaurant offering two or more meal
services daily, and enhanced service levels (ex. concierge or room
service).

RESORT CLASSIFICATION
Once
the criteriaRESORT
for considering a lodging property a resort were
DESTINATION

established,
participants
identified
under
which
properties
could
be
These properties
are seen
as resorts
in the
truest
sense. They
serve
classified.
These four
categories
as, withand
minimum
as the primary
motivation
to can
visitdescribed
a destination
have
qualifications of each
characteristically
highproperty,
levels of as:
service. Properties provide most or all
amenities throughout a guests' visit and provide access to substantial
recreation or leisure space. Properties frequently have capabilities for
meetings/business and meet the minimum resort requirements plus:
Four signature/anchor amenities
Fifteen or more unique secondary RLE-E
Three or more food & beverage outlets
Spa/health/wellness amenities
Multiple shopping outlets
Variety of lodging options

INTERMEDIATE RESORT
These properties can serve as the primary reason to visit a
destination but guests can have additional motivations for visiting the
resort. Properties frequently provide access to substantial recreation
and leisure space and are removed from major population centers.
They are very similar to destination resort properties except for their
limited scope of signature or anchor amenities . These properties meet
the minimum resort requirements plus provide:
Two signature/anchor amenities
Ten or more unique secondary RLE-E
Two or more food & beverage outlets

INTERMEDIATE-ACCESS RESORT
These properties are typically located
in vacation destinations or densely
populated areas. They are clustered
together
and
provide
access
to
geographically-significant amenities (ex.
ski, beach).Properties may not serve as
the primary attraction for guests but
provide adequate recreation/ leisure/
entertainment experiences 10 engage
guests throughout their stay. These
properties must meet the minimum resort
requirements plus provide:
Two signature/anchor amenities
Ten or more unique secondary RLE-E
Two or more food & beverage outlets
Provide direct access to external
SPECIALIZED
RESORT
recreation
or leisure
experiences
These properties can be found in any location and provide a
focused experience, around one signature amenity or anchor attribute.
Properties generally tailor the guest experience around the primary
amenity or attribute and are typically smaller in size. These properties
can serve as the primary attraction for guests or as a complement to
the destination.
These properties must meet the minimum resort requirements of:
Provide one signature amenity or anchor attribute
Provide five secondary RLE-E
Provide one full-service food & beverage outlet
Bed-base must include short-term or overnight lodging
Minimum of 25 rooms or other accommodations (exception to
minimum for properties with two signature amenity/anchor attributes)
Emphasize a leisure or retreat-environment experience

RESORT STAR RATING

STAR RATING

RESORT

GUEST
ACCOMMODATION

Courteous staff provide

an
informal
yet
competent service. The
majority of rooms are
en-suite,
and
a
designated eating area
serve breakfast daily
and
dinner
most
evenings

Minimum
quality
requirements
for
cleanliness,
maintenance,
hospitality, facilities and
services. A cooked or
substantial
continental
breakfast is served in a
dining room or eating
area, or bedroom only

All rooms are en-suite or

have private facilities. Or
A restaurant or dining
room serves breakfast
daily and dinner most
evenings.

Courteous service, wellmaintained beds, and

breakfast prepared with
a good level of care.

Staff are smartly and

professionally presented.
All rooms are en-suite,
and the restaurant or
dining room is open to
residents
and
nonresidents.

Friendly welcome, and

good-quality,
wellpresented
beds
and
furniture. A choice of
good-quality
freshly
cooked food is available
at breakfast.

Professional, uniformed
staff respond to your
needs or requests, and
there usually are wellappointed public areas.
The restaurants or dining
room
is
open
to
residents
and
nonresidents, and lunch is
available in a designated
eating area.

Attentive,
more
personalised service.
Atleast
half
of
the
bedrooms are en suite or
have private bathrooms.
Very good beds and high
quality
furniture.
Breakfast
offers
a
greater choice, and fresh
ingredients are cooked
and presented with a
high level of care.

Luxurious accomodation
and public areas, with a
range of extra facilities
and a multilingual
service available. Guests
are greeted at the hotel
entrance. High quality
menu and wine list

Awareness of each
guests needs with
nothing being too much
trouble. All bedrooms
are en suite or have a
private bathroom.
Excellent quality beds
and furnishings.
Breakfast includes
specials/home made

RESORT LAYOUT & AREA REQUIREMENTS

Accommodation facilities, including rooms, toilets, bathrooms,
shower rooms, etc., hallways and floor service, should occupy 50-60%
of the floor area. Public guest rooms, a reception area, hall and
lounges require 4 -7%, and hospitality areas, restaurants, and bars for
guests and visitors 4 - 8%. A banqueting area with meeting and
conference rooms needs 4 - 12%,domestic areas, kitchens, personnel
rooms and stores 9 14%, administration, management and
secretarial 1- 2%,maintenance and repair 4 7%, and leisure, sport
shops and a hairdressing salon 2 10%.

Types Of
Guests

Guest
Characterist
ics

Purpose For
Travel

Guestroom
Design
Factors

Group

Single
or
double
occupancy, 2-4
night
stay,
75%men,
25%women,
some
what
price intensive

Conventioons,
conference,
professional
associations,
sales
and
training
meetings.

King,
twin,
double-double
bath
with
dressing area.

Individual

Single
occupancy, 1-2
night
stay,
85%men, 15%
women,
very
price intensive.

Corporate
business, sales,
conventions
conferences.

King, standard
bath
with
shower, lounge
area
with
exceptional
work area.

Family

Double-plus
occupancy
(include
children),
1-4
night
stay,
longer in resort
areas, budget
or mid price

Family
vacations,
sightseeing,
sports, family
activity.

Double-double,
king sofa, or
adjoining
rooms lounge
area
and
television
generous;
compartmental
ize
d
bath,
balcony, deck ,
outside access.

Couples

Double
occupancy, 1-7
night stay, mid
price
to
upscale.

Tours,
clubs,
associations,
sightseeing,
theatre, sports,
weekend
packages,
shopping,
vacation.

King,
dining,
work
surface,
moderate
storage,
compartmental
ized bath.

Singles

Single
occupancy,
young

Tours,
clubs,
associations,
cultures, arts,

Queen,
work
surface,
standard bath.

BUSINESS

PLEASURE

THEORIES OF RESORT PLANNING:

Resorts are usually planned to cater for package holidays with reception arrangements for
large intake at weekly or at regular intervals.
It should accommodate all guests at one sitting.
They require spacious lounges, games room, bars, restaurants, swimming pool, sports
installation etc.
Conference room can also be included to encourage offseason business.
Factors like comfortability of the guest, easy accessibility of the various facilities should
be considered.
Physical aspects like colour and decor, lighting, proper air temperature, comfortable
furnishings, and a pleasant and relaxed atmosphere should be taken care of.
The activities in a resort .functions in two levels namely:
The front of the house and The back of the house.
These two functions must take place separately and yet so inter related that both
function smoothly, efficiently and economically.

FACILITIES REQUIRED FOR A WILDLIFE

RETREAT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

Lobbies
Reception area
Registration area
Cloak rooms and toilets
Administration area
Restaurant
Coffee shop
Recreation facilities
Convention facilities
Resort rooms
Kitchen and food stores
Laundry
House keeping department
Service and maintenance unit
STP

OTHER AMENITIES
16. Swimming pool
17. Safari rides
18. Tribal community centre
19. Eco friendly shops
20. Bird watching
21. Fishing camps
22. Photography workshops
23. Nature walks
24. Coracle rides
25. Organic farms
26. Ayurveda and yoga centre
27. Spa, jacuzzi, sauna etc.
28. Golf course and other games

FRONT OF THE HOUSE:

It is the area that concerns itself with the guest. It must he
handled and planned with one thought in approbation of the guest.
The reception, registration desk and elevators should be immediately
apparent. The front of the hotel comprises of
I. Entrance
2. Lobbies
3. Reception area
4. Registration area
5. Cloak rooms and toilets
6. Administration area
7. Restaurant
8. Recreation facilities
9. Convention facilities
10. Guests corridors
11. Resort rooms

1. ENTRANCE:

There should be only one main entrance.

Arrange a drive in so that cars can pull
off the road and also, have waiting space
for cars and taxis.
Provide canopy if possible. In exposed
positions provide a draught lobby or
revolving doors.
Separate automatic doors are provided
to baggage room in high class resorts.

2. RESORT LOBBY:
Every resort must have a large public
lobby.
Size of the lobby is largely determined
by the type of resort.
Furnishing, colour, finishing materials,
lighting and decor must create the proper
ambiance regardless of the grade of the
resort.
The .facilities that should be provided
near the lobby are: house telephones,
television, security monitors, clocks/ and
calendars, information desk, travel
agents, air line & car hire desk, kiosks,
shops, lounge and wailing area, guests
business service, public toilets etc.

3. RECEPTION AREA:

Reception desk should be near and visible from entrance.

Cashier and porter should have separate desk close by

4. REGISTRATION AREA:
Must be so located that it is immediately
visible as one enters the resort lobby.
This area consists of a front desk or a sitdown desk.
The size of the desk will be determined by
the size of the resort.
The location of the reservation office must be
as close to the front desk as possible.
Equipment for the clerk behind the desk:
-Suitable file containing advance
reservation
cards.
-Slip or card.file.
-Filing systems/electronic equipment for
reservation and guest control.
-Room keys, mail slots.
-Book keeping department.
-Safe deposit boxes.
Behind the front office, back office and administrative areas are
located.
Bell captains station should be located such that there is a
commanding view of the resort entrance, registration desk, cashier
and elevators.
Storage space for luggage is provided.
Keys and mail slots are designed as one unit and placed directly
behind the registration desk.
There should be a separate desk for the cashier; preferably adjacent
to the registration desk

5. CLOAK ROOM AND TOILETS:

Provide cloakroomz for main lobby, restaurant, and junction room.

A number of w.c, urinals, washbasins, and one w.c for each sex for
disabled persons should be provided.
For women's toilet provide vanity top, mirrors, good lighting etc.

6. ADMINISTRATION AREA:
The administration of a resort operation depends entirely upon its
area.
A large sized resort will have a manager and an assistant manager.
There will be a reception office where one or two typist/receptionist
will be acting as a buffer between the public and the manager.
There may be an office for the food and beverage manager and a
banquet manager.
lf the resort has sizable convention facilities then, an office for the
convention manager and his assistance should be provided
Accessibility to the public is the main important factor to be
7.
considered.
RESTAURANT FACILITIES:
(i) DINING SPACE:
Every resort must consider the
feeding of guests.
A large resort will have a pleasant
three meal restaurant or all day
dining- restaurant for simple meals.
A specialty restaurant with its
appropriate decor for more leisurely
dining will offer a more varied menu
with probably higher cost per meal.
The cocktail or lobby lounge will
usually be found close to the dining
room.
Where convention facilities are offered within a resort it is wise to
have a bar placed close to the convention facilities.
The decor must be developed to entice the resort guests to eat in the
resort restaurant rather than outside in other specialty restaurants.
Supper clubs or night clubs may also he found in large resorts; for
these, facilities like a stage of sorts, attendant stage lighting, dressing
rooms for performers, and a room for the orchestra should be provided
as close to the main kitchen as possible.
(ii) BARS:
Cocktail lounge: 1.8-2sqm/p
General bar (some standing and on stool):
I.3-1.7sqm/p
Main bar may have external entrance to
encourage non-resident business.
Fairly long bar counter supported by bar
store with ice making machine and bottle
coolers should be provided.
Section may he required for the service of
simple meals.

(iii) LOUNGES:
Provision should be made for waiting and
relaxing either in relation to lobby or
circulation areas or to the bars.
More lounge space is required in resorts
rather than other hotels.
Service of drinks, tea and coffee should be
provided from dispense or from main kitchen.

8. RECREATIONAL FACILITIES:
The fired/ties that
Card room
Activity room
Table tennis
Billiard room
Swimming pool

should he provided are:

Health club
Gymnasium
Out door party space
Play ground etc.

9. CONVENTION FACILITIES:
Multipurpose room for meetings, banquets,
balls, parties, exhibition etc.
Design consideration includes:
-Separate entrances should he provided if
the
room is large.
-Moveable partitions must be provided.
-Separate access for guests and service
facilities should be given.
-Audio visual equipments have to be
provided.
Space allowances:
Banquet style seating :1.1-1.3sqm/p
Meetings: table group:0.9-1.1sqm/p
Theater style seating :0.5-0.6sqmip
Other requirements for function room:
-Pre funnction assembly space with
dispense
bar (approximately 1/3rd of function
room)
Acoustical value of walls must be carefully analyzed.
-Furniture store 0.5sqm /seat which can
Moveable partitions should he .full height of the ceiling and folds
he
away completely into pockets.
easily accessible from function room
In large _/unction room, provide separate access /or heavy exhibits.
or meeting space.
Allow 510kg/sqm floor loading.

MEETING ROOMS:
Separate meeting rooms can also be
provided.
Can vary in size from 10 to as many as 100
people capacity.

BUSINESS CENTER:

It should contain an independent unit, with

private offices and conference rooms.

10.GUEST-FLOOR CORRIDORS:

It acts as a transitional space between the public

space and the guest room. Corridors should not he
over 10(1ft in length and 5 feet inches is considered
as an adequate width.
Lighting will play an important part in making the
corridors seems more interesting and less stretched
out.
Ceiling voids are often used to house engineering
services.
The
Height
toportion
ceiling
should
notdamaged
less than
lower
of the
walls be
will be
by being banged with
2.25meters.
luggage's
or trolleys, so it might well be designed as a dada made of a
bruise-and-shock-resistant material or it can be merely marked off
with a contrasting colour or wall covering.

11. (i) GUEST BEDROOMS:

The length and width of the bedroom is determined by the amount of
furniture that is to go into the room and by the degree of luxury that
the hotel operator wishes to achieve.
Length of the bed :6 '-6'6"
Single bed :3 '6 "wide
Full sized bed :4 '6 "wide
Queen sized bed :5 'wide
King sized bed :6 'wide
There should be 3 '-3 '6" isle
Width of the room must be more than 12ft.
Provide dresser or cupboard with drawers. It requires a minimum of
18 "to 20" in width.
Sitting facilities should be provided in the bedrooms.
Writing and makeup area should be given proper lighting.
Luggage stand should be provided.
Provide one light switch at the door to turn on one light inside the
room and then provide a battery of light switches at the bed to control
the other lighting in the room.

Television, telephones, in-room fax,

t-1 lines etc should be given in the
room.
Studio rooms or alcove suites can
also be given in the resorts.
Sound transmission from one room
to another should he reduced as far
as possible.
Permament suits should be
provided. Room sizes:
Single bed room :8.75sqm
Double bed room:12.5,sqm
Twin bed room :13.5sqm

(ii) GUEST BATHROOMS:

The minimum bathroom will have a combination of tub-shower, a
lavatory and a water closet.
The tub in a guest room is normally a 5fi tub.
Bath room counter top should be wide enough to allow ample space
for toiletries, shampoo etc.
A G. F.1 electrical convenience outlet must be placed in this area .for
electric shavers, electric tooth brush etc.
Towel bars must be strategically placed so that the guest can reach
for a towel regardless of whether she is stepping out of the tub or
washing at the lavatory.
Tiles and stone are the two commonly used material walls and floors.
Good lighting should be provided.

(iii) GUEST-FLOOR SERVICE AREA:

Every guest-room floor will have a service area.
This space is provided to store linen (both soiled and clean).
It should have space to store maid's carts and service carts.
Every floor should have storage space for cots, extra bed, spare
television
etc.
(iv)
GUEST-ROOM
CLOSET:
The longer the guest-room slay is anticipated, then the larger should
he the closet. The large walk-in closet should he provided in resorts.
It should he possible to store the luggage out of sight in the closet
without diminishing the available hanging space.
It should have a hang rod with sufficient space to hold clothes, a
shelf for packages, pillows etc.
A walk-in closet must have a good source of light.
A reach-in closet should also have light inside or outside the closet
so that the guest can see what is inside.
Closet doors should be strategically located to avoid banging into
open doors.

2.15 HEALTH CLUB

Location: plan the club so that guest can reach it directly from the
guestroom elevators and members from the street or parking areas
withoutpassing through lobby area.
A health club will include a gym(fitness centre),but usually much
more besides 1 health.
A spacious, fully equipped gym Exercise studios
Personal training
-Juice bar
Swimming pool
-Spa
-Steam room / sauna
Shops

FITNESS CENTRE
Fitness centre is a intergrated part of a health club or leisure
centre which allows 'gym users' or gym goers' to exercise effectively
using a wide range of resistance and cardiovascular machines.Many
gyms also provide exercise classes - Body Pump, Body Combat,
Spinning, RPM, aerobics, step and more - in exercise studios, run by
professional exercise and fitness teachers. Many leading resorts come
fully equipped with small gyms available to guests. The very best
hotel gyms also allow non-staying gym members through their doors.
Allowing non-hotel guests to use the facility means that they must
compete head on with other local facilities - upping their game and
services
Typically hotel gyms (good, bad or different) will house:
Resistance machines
A range of free weights
Cardiovascular machines - treadmills, rowers, bikes, cross trainers
etc
'Stretching areas
'The best hotel gyms will also employ fitness instructors and or
personal trainers to aid the workouts of guests and members.

TYPES OF FITNESS CENTRE

Luxurious:
These gyms are the places that give you everything: Fitness,
pampering and excellent service. Usually part of a chain, they often
have lots of extras like a spa, pool and grooming. The gyms tend to be
based on weight loss rather than strength and conditioning, but often
there are excellent instructors.
Hardcore:
The hardcore gyms tend to go for bodybuilders, power lifters
and other serious trainers. They are independently run and have great
free weight facilities and hardly any running machines. My local Spit &
Sawdust gym has 1 stationary bike for example. instructor quality is
more varied.
In between:
Most gym, somewhere between these 2 extremes. Some start
out as hardcore and expand, some try to appeal to everyone.
Multi Gyms:
The multi gyms keep improving in quality, sophistication and
the options that are :available. The multi stack multi gyms are the old
standbys of the home gym industry and consist of blocks or disks of
weights attached to a lever or pulley system. Changing the amount
you lift is easy, you just move a pin in the weight stack or add another
plate in plate-loading models. Using a weight-stack gym machine has
several advantages:
It looks and feels more like models you find in gyms.
A definite plus for those who have lifted in the health-club setting.
Weight stacks give you a point of reference:
Non-weight-stack models may turn them off because of their different
feel.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR FITNESS CENTER:

Key design goals and considerations for Fitness Centers include the
following: Support the Active Environment.
Create an interior design environment that supports the energy and
activity inherent in the facility.
High ceilings and ample circulation space encourage activity.
Interior design and color selection provide a sense of activity but
should not overwhelm the eye or clash with the colorful work-out
clothing typically worn by patrons.Vary the interior volumes to avoid a
"big box" feeling.
Provide as much natural light as possible while considering glare for
patrons.Use key activities as design focal and to enhance interest.
Safety is a critical element of fitness center design and includes
imparting a sense of security as well as injury prevention:

Do not create hidden or dark corners and provide alarms or call

buttons in key remote spaces such the sauna, massage room, and
outdoor areas.Ensure good indoor air quality and natural light.
Provide a Durable and Maintainable Facility.
Provide durable interior finishes with impact protection, especially in
group exercise rooms and free-Weight areas.
Provide additional ventilation in fitness areas. Balance increased
ventilation needs with energy usage and sustainability issues.

HYDROTHERAPY:
Special infra-red ray treatments in the
sauna, chill shower, steam bath along with
signature baths make hydrotherapy truly an
invigorating experience. Feel one with yourself
message jets provide pressure points on the
entrie body to detoxify and relax. The therapy
dilates blood vessels, increases blood flow, and
allows the right supply of oxygen and nutrients
to the tissues.

JUICE BAR:
Juice bar along with an exclusive retiring
lounge create an environment that helps you
can talk to in house wellness consultants who
will help you design a programme that is just
right for you.

SPA:
The term spa is associated with water treatment which is also
known as balneotherapy. Spa towns or spa resorts (including hot
springs resorts) typically offer various health treatments. The belief in
the curative powers of mineral waters goes back to prehistoric times.
Such practices have been popular worldwide, but are especially
widespread in Europe and Japan. Day spas are also quite popular, and
offer various personal care treatments.
Spa- places devoted to overall well-being through a variety of
professional services that encourage the renewal of mind, body and
spirit.The spa also offers a feast to your senses through world-class
amenities. Private changing and dressing rooms, luxurious treatment
suites, spacious beauty therapy and hydrotherapy rooms, sauna,
steam and chill shower facilities, state-of-the-art gym.

SPA FOUNDATION
General Guidelines: Select a structurally sound flat surface that is
reasonably level to serve as your spa's foundation. A foundation that
shifts or settles may cause stress to the spa shell. The foundation that
your spa rests on must have a weight bearing load capability of
supporting the weight of the spa, its water, and the people using it.

TYPES OF SPA
.Ayurvedic spa, a spa in which all treatments
and products arc natural and it's often used as
alternative medicine.
Club spa, a facility whose primary purpose is
fitness and which offers a variety ofprofessionally administered spa services on a
day-use basis. .
Day spa, a spa offering a variety of
professionally administered spa services to
clients on a day-use basis.
Dental spa, a facility under the supervision of
a licensed dentist that combines traditional
dental treatment with the services of a spa.
Destination spa, a facility with the primary purpose of guiding
individual spa-goers to develop healthy habits. Historically a sevenday stay, this lifestyle transformation can be accomplished by
providing a comprehensive program that includes spa services,
physical fitness activities, wellness education, healthful cuisine and
special interest programming.
Hot tub, an outdoor spa used for bathing and self cleansing
Medical spa, a facility that operates under the full-time, on-site
supervision of a licensed health care professional whose primary
purpose is to provide comprehensive medical and wellness care in an
environment that integrates spa services, as well as traditional,
complimentary and/or alternative therapies and treatments. These
spas typically use balneotherapy, employing a variety of peloids.
Balneotherapy treatments can have
different purposes. In a spa setting, they
can be used to treat conditions such as
arthritis and backache, build up muscles
after injury or illness or to stimulate the
immune system, and they can be
enjoyed as a relief from day-to-day
stress.
Resort/hotel spa, a spa owned by and
located within a resort or hotel providing
professionally administered spa services,
fitness and wellness components and

DESIGN
SPA:

CONSIDERATIONS

FOR

Hard Surface Options (Decking and

Flooring):
In addition to selecting a hard surface
that meets the recommended safety and
maintenance criteria, consider textures
and colours that will assist in enhancing
the aesthetics of the areain which the spa
will be installed. The decision to blend the
hard surface colours and textures with
those of the spa should only be made
after carefully researching the options.
Surrounding Landscape:
The correct landscape around your
spa will not only soften the adjacent hard
surface areas, but will add life and much
enjoyment to the environment. If the
budget allows, you may want to consult
with a Landscape Architect for expert
advice.
Spa-Side Accessories:
Besides selecting the correct
hard surfaces and landscape around the
spa, the addition of the proper spa-side
accessories will provide just the finishing
touch that we are looking for. Spa steps,
benches,
towel
racks, planter boxes,
an DESIGN
GENERAL
OBSERVATIONS
ON or
SPA
outdoor fireplace
justshould
a fewprovide
of thea residential not institutional
Interior are
design
items
can yet
beeffective
considered
when system should be installed.
feeling. that
A simple
zone keying
accessorizing
your spa
A proper "signage"
system should be installed for easy traffic flow. All
treatment areas should be as sound proof as possible.
Materials:
Non-corrosive materials should be used in all high moisture
areas (Vents, ducts, drains, ceiling & wall cover). Easy to clean
moisture resistant materials should be used in all high moisture areas.
Consider using local materials and integrating cultural and artistic
traditions.
Locker / Changing / Vanity Area :
Provide for appropriate number of half size lockers (two per full size
locker banks) on each side
Provide a separate alcove with third-size lockers (two per full size
locker banks) for members on each side.
Utilize moveable benches or Ottomans on casters for seating by
lockers

Provide make-up lights around vanity mirrors on women's side

Provide wall mounted magnified shaving mirrors at vanity on men's
side 'Provide wall mounted hair dryer units at vanities on both sides
'Provide for electrical outlets above vanities
Flooring in locker and changing area should be carpeted, all other
areas tiled Locker Room Wet Area
Accommodate Sauna, Steam, Whirlpool and Cold Pool (if applicable).
Provide lounge with water proof seating near each wet area.
Provide clothing hooks throughout area.
Flooring should be non-slip easily cleanable tile.
Provide for non-corrosive ventilation ducts in this area.
Outflow of HVAC should be provided for 25 air changes per tour.
Provide for ozone water purification system for whirlpools. (No smell).
Provide a self service beverage service station with sink, counter,
storage cabinet, mini-fridge and ice machine.
Provide for clean soiled linen storage.

SPA DESIGN TIPS FROM THE

EXPERTS
Create Texture:
Use wall hangings, pillows, rugs
and tinkle h bed coverings to create texture
and contrast in your spa. Locally made
textiles embody' a return to folkloric ideals
and handmade crafts. Balance a combination
of elements, such as reclaimed woods and
other recyclables, textured glass, and metals
such as copper and bronze.
Bring the Outdoors In:
Create a sense of the outdoors
indoors by using with waterfalls, bamboo,
and stone. Natural elements such as calming
waters and meditative gardens intrigue spa
visitors as they experience the environment
along with their treatments.
Don't Forget Dramatic Doors:
Pay attention to doors and
entryways: they signify a "crossing-over" to a
place where people can leave their everyday
lives behind. Water features, plants, and
specialized lighting can liven up a plain
looking door.
Choose Colors that Stimulate the
Senses:
Flat color is out, and color with

COMPONENTS OF A SPA FACILITY

The Basics:
Reception Desk and Welcome area
Reservations and Scheduling
Retail/Spa Boutique
Men's and Women's Locker Rooms
Dry Treatment Rooms
Wet Treatment Rooms
European Hydro-Massage
Treatment Showers and Baths
Treatment Waiting Area Treatment Lab

LOCATION & ACCESS

.Located in dry therapy area with massage Salon
area.
Lounge and wait area should be within close
proximity to the treatment rooms this minimizes
traffic in between treatments).
Room Set-Up:
Sink should be located behind lounge or to the
side. (both hot and cold running water is
necessary) sink should be located behind lounge or
to the side. (both hot and cold running water is
necessary)
Flooring :
Linoleum or vinyl tile- floor must be non-porous,
surface, smooth and washable.
Walls, Ceilings, and Doors
Wall paper or paint.
Doors must be solid and have some type of
numbering or lettering for identification and an in
use sign.
Lighting:
Indirect lighting with dimmer control on wall or
overhead at edge of ceiling, not directly over facial
lounge.
Task lighting at counter surface.
Electrical :
Wall outlet at foot and sides of table.

DESIGN FOR BEAUTY SERVICESIN A SPA ENVIRONMENT:

Beauty-related services such as nails, hair, and make-up can be
integrated into the spa environment, and some are best offered in a
separate salon area.
Floors should be of a material that is easy to clean (ie. Vinyl tile).
Lighting should be flattering to hair and Skin.
Include a separate small reception counter which also acts as the
retail point of sale.
Clients must be able to directly access the salon from the women's
locker room.

DESIGN FOR FACIAL ROOMS

Design Considerations
Laundry drop directly 5f rooms, preferably dropping into chute or
carts. Millwork for cabinets
Provide extra sound proofing between rooms and hallways.
Equipment:
Facial lounges: 72"x30".
Provide a sink.
Provide stool on rollers, with adjustable height and back support.
Space Requirements :
80-100 sq. 8'x10' or 10'x10'. (allow enough space for door to open
comfortably, at the foot of table)

DESIGN
FOR
THERAPY ROOM

MASSAGE/TOUCH

Design Considerations
Massage rooms should have a small sink and
linen cabinet.
Provide storage above and below sink
Rooms need to be sound insulated.
use lever-type hardware for door knobs
(therapists have oil on their hands)
Equipment:
72"x30" massage tables: (deep tissue tables
should be 39" wide)
Tables should have built-in shelves and an
adjustable face cradle attached to the end of
table--adding another 12" to the end of table
massage table upholstery should be made
from Naugahyde with a smooth surface with
medium firm padding Space Requirements:
Generally 120-140 sq. ft., room variations
include: 9'x12', 19'x12', 10'x14', 12'x12'
therapist requires a min 3' work-space around
the massage table.

Location & Access:

Located in "dry" therapy area.
It should have access to laundry storage and drop off
Room Set-Up:
Sink and cabinet should be in corner at an angle in
9'x12' rooms. Sinks should have hot and cold water
Flooring:
Vinyl tile, wood, or cushioned recreational surface.
Avoid tile, marble, or granite (too hard for the
therapist to stand on)
Walls, Ceilings, and Doors:
Washable wall paper or paint. Allow doors to open
comfortably. Doors need lettering or numbering and
an "in use" sign or light

SWIMMING POOL
A swmming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, or simply a
pool, is a usually artificially constructed container filled with water
intended for swimming or water_based recreation.
There are many standard sizes., the largest and deepest is the
Olympic size.
A pool can be built either above or in the ground, and from materials
such as metal, plastic, fibreglass or concrete. public pools are often
found as part of a larger leisure centre or recreational complex.
These centres often have more than one pool, such as an indoor
heated pool, an outdoor saltwater or unheated chlorinated pool, a
shallower children's pool, and a paddling pool for toddlers and infants.
There may also be a sauna and
SOUND
SYSTEMS
AND
LIGHTING
one or more
hot tubs or
spa pools
("jacuzzis")
Sound System: There should be 3 separate
sound systems in the facility for each of the
following:

Public spaces generate system for

majority of including weight gym

Treatment rooms-strategically located

A basin
A typical swimming pool needs system

A
motorized
with individual controls in each room.
pump
Aerobics gym - separate system housed
A water filter
directly in gym with cassette and CD

A
chemical
player.
feeder
LIGHTING
Drains
1. Consider incandescent "mood" lighting
Returns
2. 2. Lamps and sconces should reflect
PVC
plastic
theme and "soul" of property
plumbing
3. Should be indirect throughout the
connecting all of
building

OVERFLOW GUTTER
It shall be installed
continuous along all public
swimming pools
The overflow gutter
eliminated across the top
tread

WALL SLOPES
To a depth of 5 ft from the top, the
wall It shall be installed continuous
slope shall not be more than 1 ft
horizontal around all public swimming
pools. in 5 ft vertical.

FLOOR SLOPES:
The slope of the floor in the shallow end
shall not exceed 1 ft vertical to 7 ft
where steps occur. horizontal . The
transition point between hallow and
deep water shall not be less than 4'/2 or
more than 5 ft deep .

WADING POOLS
By definition, a wading pool shall
normally be a small pool for swimming
children, only, used only for wading
shall
have a maximum depth at the
WALKS
deepest
point
Notbe
greater
than 24
in. the pool with a minimum width
Walks
shall
continuous
around
of 8 ft of the pool edge, if such a curb is unobstructed clear distance
including a curb at the p used. A minimum of a 3 ft walk width Shall
be provided on the sides and rear of any piece of diving Equip-meet.
All walks ,decks and terraces shall have a minimimum slope of V4 in
per foot to Drains or points at which the water will have a free un

DIMENSIONS
LENGTH:
The length of the swimming pool varies
to 50m. from 15m .
WIDTH
Most European pools are between 10 n1
and 50 m wide.
DEPTH:
The depth of a swimming pool depends
on the purpose of the pool, and whether it is
open to the public or strictly for Private use. If
it is a public pool it man slope from 3.0 to 5.5
m (9.8 to 18.0 ft) in the deep end. A children's
play pool may be from 0.3 to 1.2 m (1.0 to 4
ft) deep.

DESIGN, DETAIL AND STRUCTURAL STABILITY

All swimming pools shall be designed and constructed to
withstand
All anticipated loading for both full and empty conditions. A
hydrostatic relief valve and/or a suitable under drain system shall be
provided for inground pools. The designing architect or engineer
shall be responsible for ensuring the stability of the pool design for
both full and empty conditions.
SHAPE
The shape of any swimming pool shall be such that the circulation
of pool water and control of swimmers' safety are not impaired. There
shall be no underwater or overhead projections or obstructions which
would endanger patron safety or interfere with proper pool operation.
SHALLOW END
The depth of water at the shallow end shall- be at least 3 feet (0.9
m), but not more than 3 feet 6 inches (1.1 m), except for specialpurpose pools.
BOTTOM SLOPE
The bottom of the pool shall slope toward the main drain.
Where the water depth is less than 5 feet (I.5 m), the bottom slope
shall not exceed 1 foot vertical in 12 feet horizontal (1:12). Where the
water depth ,seeds 5 feet(1.5 m), the bottom slope shall not exceed 1
foot vertical in 3 feet horizontal (1: 3)
AREA MARKED
The boundary line between the shallow and deep areas shall be
marked by a line of contrasting color at least 4 inches (10 cm) wide on

INFINITY EDGE POOL

An infinity edge pool (also named negative edge, zero
edge, infinity pool, disappearing edge, or vanishing edge pool) is a
swimming or reflecting pool that produces a visual effect of water
extending to the horizon, vanishing, or extending to "infinity." The
term also is used to describe perimeter overflow pools (pools that may
be on level parcels, wherein the water flows over one or more edges,
usually flush with the decking elevation). One type of location in which
the effect is particularly impressive is where the infinity edge appears
to merge with a larger body of water such as the ocean, or with the
sky (if the pool is located on the side of a hill or field green),Infinity
edge pools are often seen at exotic resorts and exclusive estaites, in
advertisements and in other luxurious places. The infinity pool design
concept is said to have originated in France, where one of the first
vanishing edge designs \as utilized in the "Stag Fountain" at the Palace
of Versailles in the early 1600s.

INFINITY POOL INSTALLATION

Infinity pools are designed to give you the illusion that your pool is
a continuous body of water. Also referred to as negative edge pools,
these pools have atleast one edge that is slightly lower than the
surface of the water. As the water runs over the edge and into a
trough it gives the appearance of not having a solid edge. Intfinity
pools can be particularly impressive if overlooking a downward slope,
such as a valley or hillside. Infinity pools must be built to precise
standards with a perfectly level edge to be effective.
Instructions
1.Build the holding tank, or pool, with the negative edge facing the
desired direction. The walls are constructed of cement reinforced with
rebars (metal reinforcement beams). Make absolutely sure that the
negative edge is perfectly level, any deviation will cause the water
illusion to fail. When building the pool you must install a standard
filtering system that is independent of the infinity pool system.
2.Build a trough beneath the negative edge to catch the water flowing
over the side of the infinity pool. This trough will act as a reservoir for
water going into the holding tank, which in turn gets pumped back into
the pool.
3. Connect the trough to the water-holding tank with properly sized
piping. Connect pipes from holding tank to an adequately powered

CIRCULATION
Toilets should be accessible directly from both dressing room
and pool.Seperate ones for "wet and dry bathers are desirable.
Disinfecting foot, baths should be placed between pool and toilet.
Bathers returning from from the pool should preferably pass through a
separate drying room to the dressing room, and the wet and dry .

DESIGN OF CHANGING ROOMS

Changing facilities can be provided either as individual team changing
rooms, large communal changing areas or a combination of both,
where it is necessary to have flexibility of provision.
Individual team changing rooms are preferred.
They provide for pre-match talks and deter disagreements on the field
from continuing after a match.
Some multi-pitch locations, for example on higher and further
education sites, can justify the more economical communal changing
approach. Dressing-Locker Room. An average of 14 sq . ft . per pupil
Key points are:
Layouts must provide flexibility for different proportions of
male/female use. Generally the minimum area calculated at 1m2 per
person.
All changing areas need to be fitted with sight screens to deny views

SHOWER AREA
Each changing unit requires its own showers located as far as
possible from changing entrances and WCs to minimise water
migration and to separate mud and moisture.
Allow one shower point to every three or four changing spaces.
Ideally, plan for one square metre for the shower area and the same
for the drying area. To accommodate wheelchair access avoid raised
thresholds.
Shower outlets should be at 750mm intervals with 450-500mm
between end fittings and side walls. Fittings carried around an internal
corner should maintain these minimum standards.
Showers on opposing walls should be spaced 2.5m apart to permit a
central circulation route and v.' a separate dry-off area to one end.

INDOOR SPORTS
INDOOR BADMINTON COURT
BADMINTON COURT STANDARD
Minimum ceiling height of an indoor badminton court about 25 feet
high. And then add a further 8-10 feet for lighting space, etc. So in
total a 33 feet height (10m).
A minimum 5' unhindered area on all sides of the court.
Non slippery yet smooth and leveled.
SOFTOUT:
Softout of a sports court surface is made of rubber carpet and acryl
coats. These materials product !pie elasticity in the surface, which
makes the court player friendly. They result in curtailing injury risks for
those playing on the court. This surface is very low on maintanance
and performs excellently in a wide range of extreme temperature (50
1 20 degree Celsius).
1.GREEN:
The production of PVC floor of the main raw material is polyvinyl
chloride, PVC is environmentally non-toxic renewable resource, The
environmental protection is no need to worry about.
2. SUPER ANTI-SLIP:
PVC floor surface has a special slip resistant floor, but also compared
with the normal ground material, PVC flooring in the viscosity of water
under foot feeling more astringent, less likely to slide, that is, the more
water the more astringent.
3.ACCOUSTIC NOISE CANCELING:
PVC flooring material can not be compared with ordinary soundabsorbing effect of the ground, the sound sbsorption of up to 20 dB.
4.QUICK INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION:
PVC floor installation d construction is very fast, without mortar, the
ground conditions are good with special environmental binder
adhesive, can be used after 24 hours.
5.EASY MAINTENANCE:
PVC floor maintenance is very convenient, with a dirty floor mop wipe.
6. GREEN RENEWABLE:
Today is the era of a pursuit of sustainable development, new
materials, new energy emerging, PVC flooring is the only surface
decoration materials recycling, which for the protection of our planet's
natural resources and ecological environment has great significance .

ACOUSTICS
The internal acoustic conditions within a sports hall should be
appropriate for its intended use.
It will be beneficial to all users that the ambient noise levels are low
and that verbal communication is easy and critically important for
people 10" impairment or learning difficulties.

BOWLING ALLEY AREA

Length:
The total length of regulation bowling equipment from the front of the
approach th e back of the pinsetter machine is 83 feet,2 inches. The
approach is 16 feet long-the, lane (from the foul line2 to the back of
the pin deck) is 63 feet, and
to the pinsetter machine adds another4 feet 2 inches.
Width:
Bowling alleys with fewer lanes, whose space is not designed well,
tend to appear as unattractive long tunnels. There are several ways
to mitigate this unwanted including adding mirrors, wall murals, or
windows However, the most effective way is to simply add more
width to the room.

BILLIARDS
A classically designed billiards room makes the perfect setting for a
night of entertainment with friends and family. While simply having a
billiards table takes entertainment for great entertainment, designing
a room specifically for the game will make it much more
encompassing. With a few supplies and an hour to spare, you can feel
classic billiards room in your home.
DESIGN
1.Position the billiards table in the center of the room. It is important
to have equal space. on all sides of the billiards table so players can
shoot without worry of bumping a wall or breaking anything. An
experienced billiards player will the . adapt to the environment around
the table so long as it is even on all sides.

2.Install a pool cue rack along one wall of the billiards room. A place to
store
pool cues and chalk is a must in a classic billiards room. Stock the pool
cue rack with a large selection of cues so players can find one that
suits their needs.
3 Install an adjustable light above the billiards table. An adjustable
light allows you to change the mood of the room and select lighting
based upon the time of day if there are windows in the room. Proper
lighting is a must when playing billiards---a room that is too bright or
too dim can induce eye strain and make accurate shots more difficult.
4 Place comfortable chairs along the walls of the room. It is important
that billiards players have a place to sit while they wait their turn to
play. Black leather is a good choice for a classic chair.
5 Place a stocked mini-refrigerator in the billiards room so that no one
goes
thirsty. If children will b, unless it has a locking mechanism on the
door.

CORRIDORS
Guests coming or going late at night, coming out or getting
into the elevators, may talk loudly or may be too noisy, in which case
they would be disturbing guests whose doors open off this area .The
foyer should be further demarked from the guest-room corridor by its
decor and lighting . It is always a thoughtful touch to have certain
appurtenances which indicate consideration for the guest in the total
overall planning . The guest-floor corridors are transitional spaces
between the public space.

DESIGN ASPECTS DIMENSION-WIDTH AND LENGTH

Good practice indicates that a corridor should, if at all possible, not
be over 100 ft in length.
It sometimes occurs that, because of the size of the hotel or its
configuration, corridors maybe longer.
There are a number of hotels where corridors stretch out for over
200 ft. The architect would be well advised to introduce an
interruption of some sort in his corridor planning to keep the guest
from feeling as if his approach to his room were an endless path.The
interruption may be by means of a change in dimension or, if the plan
permits, a change in direction...6 ft is considered an adequate width.

ACCOMODATION
The planning of the typical guest room area presents some of the
greatest challenges in the resort design. 65 to 85 % of the total resort
area represents the guest room area.

PLANNING OBJECTIVES
1.0rientation of the building and plan configuration selected not only
tc enhance views but to reduce energy expenses for conditioning.
2.Minimize the impact of lateral wind
loading on the structure.
3.Reduce as much as possible the
walking distances for both guest
and the housekeeping staff.
4.Adequate number of linen storage
and vending areas, and small electrical
and phone equipment rooms.
5.Plan types range in shape from
long, double-loaded corridor plans, to
compact vertical towers, to flam bouyant
atrium structures or a large lobby space
so that some of the rooms look into the hotel

BACK OF THE HOUSE:

The back of the resort comprises of
1.Service bay
2.Kitchen and food stores
3. Laundry
4. House keeping department
5. Storage space
6. Maintenance space
7. Administration area
8. Service unit

1. SERVICE BAY:

It is the place where services occur.

It must be laid out with two paramount objectives: control and
efficiency.
Covered loading dock should be provided.
The dock should be located out of sight of the guests.
The receiving department should be located directly on or adjacent to
the loading dock
A good back of the house plan will he worked out in such a war that
the flow of supplies is tightly controlled by the security.
The garbage room must he so placed that the receiving office has this
space in full view.
It is advisable to have the entry and egress of all employees at the
loading dock itself
The employees dressing and locker areas should he located at a
minimum possible distance from their entrance.
Locker rooms should he provided with ample toilet facilities and
showers.
Uniform distribution counters should also he adjacent to the locker
rooms or to the point of entry.
It is preferable to locate the service entrance out of view of the main
entrance to the resort, but it should have direct access to a street.
Offices for steward and timekeeper should he provided near the
loading dock.
For multi storied buildings service elevators are a must.
Trash chute and linen chute can also be provided connecting each
floor to the service room.

2. KITCHEN AND FOOD STORES:

Possible the kitchens should be planned on one level to serve all

catering outlets. If not, main kitchen should be on level with main
restaurant with preparation area and store on different levels. This
should be linked by service elevators and stairs and should have own
forward service equipment.
All storage room should be planned to be locked off from staff when
not in use and should be under the control of store man.
Approximate space allowance for kitchen planning including food
store,
cold
rooms, wash
areas, area
chefs:office:
Main
restaurant
kitchen
1.4sqm x
No of covers

Banquet kitchen and

service area :0.2sqm x No of
covers

Coffee shop kitchen :

0.3sqm x No of covers

Separate independent
coffee shope:0.45sqm x No of
covers
Allow approximately 50% extra
space .for staff toilet, changing
room,
canteen
and other store
(i)
MAIN
KITCHEN:
After the food products have been weighed in, they are sent to either
dry or liquid storage.
Canned food and other bottled/packaged food, which does not need
refrigeration, will be sent to dry storage rooms.
Vegetables are stored in a cold holding room.
Dairy products are kept in separate cold storage.
Fish, fowl, meat are kept in refrigeration boxes.
Vegetable preparation area should be provided along with
workspaces, sinks, cutting boards etc.
Fish preparation and butchery are done in separate spaces.
Bakery facility must be provided near food service area.
Preliminary cooking is done in rough cooking area.

Pot washing area should be provided close to the rough cooking area.
The final cooking is done in the finished cooking area.
Service tables with plate warmers at its bottom should be provided.
The cooked foods are picked up by the waiters from this table.
A separate garde-manger section should he provided for the
preparation of salads, desserts, seafood, cocktails etc.
The dishwashing area is provided close to dining room area, isolated
from cooking and servicing area.
Waiter's self servicing area is provided close to exit (for bread, buffer,
coffee, tea, ice etc). Roll warmers, coffee urns, toasters. e boilers etc
are found here.
A service bar with bartender is provided to prepare the drinks.
A checker controls all foods and beverages leaving the kitchen area to
make sure that the items are correct and the prices properly indicated.

( i) KITCHEN SUPPORT SPACES:

(a) Chef's office:

- The chef s office is set where the chef can observe all the
activities in
the kitchen.
This office is usually enclosed with glass to give the chef aural
privacy but
complete visual control.
(b) Room service area:
- There must be sufficient space, for large number of room
service rolling
tables.
- The room service area is always close to the cooking and
garde-manger
area.
- It must he as close to the service elevators as possible.
- The service elevators should connect the service areas on al!
floors to
the kitchen.
- Room service operator sits at a telephone taking calls from the
guest.
(c) Banquet area:
(iii)
SERVICE
-A EMPLOYEES
large resort will require
a separate banquet kitchen with its
FACILITIES
:
own
Employees'
cafeteria
bearea.
provided
cooking
and dishshould
washing
close - to
thebanquet
lockerfacilities
rooms are
and
If the
not yet
on the same floor as the dining
contiguous
to the main kitchen.
rooms,
This cafeteria
need not
havehea provided
separate to connect the main kitchen
an elevator
should
dish
with wash
the area.
They banquet
should have
area.toilets and washrooms
for themselves near the kitchen.

(iv) BEVERAGE SERVICE AREA:

It may be a bar or a cocktail lounge.

There will he a bar will stools and an area .for
cocktail tables and chairs.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR KITCHEN:

The kitchen floor should be of some material,

which can be easily cleaned
It should offer firm feet hold to prevent slipping on
wet sports.
Floors should have a sloping gradient not more
than 1:20.

3. LAUNDRY FACILITIES:

A laundry is a usual adjunct of most good-sized resorts.

It requires a good-sized space for washers, dryers, drum ironers and
various pressing machines.

4. HOUSE KEEPING DEPARTMENT:

The housekeeping department has a chief housekeeper, assistant

floor housekeeper, maids and porters under them.
It should have a storage space and a place for seamstress.
Housekeeper controls soiled and clean laundry as well as clean
uniforms ready for issue.
On an average a maid and a porter together can make up 12-15
rooms on their daily tour of duty.

5. STORAGE SPACE:

Furniture store with adjacent workshop, paint shop etc:0.2-0.3sqm/rm

Cleaning materials :0. 2-4sqm/rm
Glass, silver, china :0. 2sqm/rm
Liquor :0. 2sqm/rm, divided into areas for beer & minerals, bottles,
kegs, redwines, 14-16c, White wine, 10-12c, spirits

6. MECHANICAL AND MAINTENANCE SPACE:

The equipment for heating and cooling as well as all the tanks and
pumps to keep all the mechanical system in operation will be placed
here.
In this area will be found all central switch gear that controls electric
current for every purpose in the resort complex.
This domain belongs to the house engineer and so provision for an
engineer's office, with a mechanical repair shop close by should be
provided
The other shops that are included are: a carpentry shop, an
upholstery shop, an area for a locksmith and a storage room to store
spare parts to service the resort.

7. ADMINISTRATION AREA:
The offices included in this area are:
Accounting and hook keeping offices
Reservation offices
Offices for management (which includes reception, manager's office
& assistant manager's office)
Food and beverage department
Mail .sorting room.

9. SERVICE FACILITIES:
Emergency electrical supply:
Generator should be installed.
Essential services must he installed in event of failure of the main
supply.
Approximately 20% of the public area should have emergency light
connection.
Fire alarm system:
Provide manual break glass contacts and automatic smoke or heat
detectors with audible warning through out the building.
Provide on all floors hose reels that are capable of reaching every
bedroom.
Portable fire extinguishers and fire hydrants should be placed at
various strategic locations.
Fire dampers must be provided.
Air conditioning:
Provide a.c to individual rooms
Good maintenance access to all units is essential.
Public areas must
LANDSCAPE
DEVELOPMENT:
be zone controlled to cope will peak loads and for
economy when certainNot
areas
not
in use.
onlyare
the
component
activity :ones involve a
strong and readable organization of activities and place but their
organization should also be supported and enriched by the landscape
development. A general discussion is provided concerning each
supporting such concept such as planting, grading, etc.

SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPING PRINCIPLES:

Naturalistic Design
Native Plants Hold Soil, Water
Right Plant Right Place
Plant for the Long Term
Diversity and Biomass
Energy Conservation / Cooling
Storm Water Retention
Ecological Value

SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPING
Some of the solutions being developed are:
Reduction of storm water run-off through the use of bio-swales, rain
gardens and green roofs and walls.
Reduction of water use in landscapes through design of water-wise
garden techniques.
Bio-filtering of wastes through constructed wetlands.

 Landscape irrigation using grey water.

Energy-efficient landscape design in the form of proper placement
and selection of shade trees and creation of wind breaks.
Permeable paving materials to reduce storm water run-off and allow
rain water to infiltrate into the ground and replenish groundwater
rather than run into surface water.
Use of sustainably harvested wood, composite wood products for
decking and other landscape projects, as well as use of plastic lumber.
Recycling of products, such as glass, rubber from tires and other
materials to tones, mulch and other materials. create landscape
products such as paving s
Integration and adoption of renewable energy, including solarpowered landscape lighting. Lighting is the easiest way to save energy
and reduce operating costs.

LIGHTING:
Lighting is the easiest way to save energy and reduce
operating costs.
Quality low voltage lighting professionally installed can enhance the
landscape and provides many benefits for both residential and
commercial applications.
Landscape lighting can add safety, security, ambiance, mood and
drama to the outdoor environment.
One of the primary functions of exterior lighting is to insure safe
passage for pedestrian on steps, sidewalks and walkways.
Downlighting:
Mirroring the effect of the sun or the moon, downlighting is the most
natural form of landscape lighting. Choose fixtures that can mounted
on eaves and walls or suspended from trees and other elevated
structures. This effect is used to provide general illumination for
safety, security or outdoor entertainment or it can be used to focus on
a singular object such as a statue or specimen tree. Uplighting:
It means to light something from below. It is rarely seen in nature yet
typically used to highlight the internal structure of plant material, to

Backlighting:
Backlighting illuminates the outdoor area with a backdrop of light that
subtly extends the landscape's visual depth for night time enjoyment
and elegant beauty. It incorporates very subtle wash-lighting of
backgrounds such as walls, fences, trellises or other vertical objects.
Moonlighting:
Moonlighting replicates the effects of the moon and is a form of
downlighting.
Spotlighting / Highlighting:
This effect utilizes a narrowly focused, intense beam of light to accent
or highlight a specific landscape object creating a nighttime focal
point. Uplighting, downlighting or any combination can be used to
create a spotlighting effect; however, care should be given when
spotlighting since it has the potential of ruining the subtle beauty if
too much light is introduced. Spotlighting is used to emphasize the
objects.
Path lighting:
This technique is used primarily for safety to highlight sidewalks,
drives, or any path to ensure safe pedestrian passage night. Avoid
lighting that shines in the eyes. Since path light fixtures become an
integral part of the landscape during the day, attention should be paid
to placement and daytime appearance.
Sillhouetting:
Silhouetting, is created when the image of a distinctive plant, tree,
statue or other landscape object is reflected against a wall or other
vertical surface. Place lights behind plant material or object to and
direct the light upward onto the backdrop to create this dramatic
effect.
Underwater lighting:
Underwater lighting highlights underwater plant material and captures
light to show off depth or imaginative design. Cascading fountains fall
reflect light in their movement adding a visual perspective to the
sound of rippling or spraying water. Grazng light:
Grazing light is utilized to highlight and enhance the textures of
interesting surfaces such as cobblestone, masonry, stucco or tree
bark. Hooded wide beam spread lamps are ideal for this technique.
Shadowing: This effect creates a visual similar to silhouetting however
the is positioned in front of the plant or object rather than behind it.
Since the shadow of the object magnified the effect can be more
dramatic than silhouetting.

LANDSCAPE MATERIALS:
Commonly a viable salvaged materials include:
Concrete:
Used in Patio, walkway & path choices, broken concrete can function
as a patio, walkway or rockery. Salvage it from your own walkway or
patio demolition.
Slone and brick:
Used in Patio, walkway & path, these materials are plentiful,
thanks to continual building and landscape renovations. Stone and
brick is available at used building material stores and salvage
companies.
Metal:
Give your yard texture and function with everything from industrial
surplus sheet metal to vintage wrought iron gates. Industrial salvage
yards and scrap yards are good sources of metal.
Architectural elements:
Create a landscape focal point with masonry, concrete or terra cotta
architectural salvage. These elements tend to be higher-end; find
them at building salvage stores and even antique stores.
Patios, Walkways and Paths:
Walkways provide home and garden access. Well-ratios, Walkways
designed walkways create a safe and attractive route of travel. There
are many ways to lay a path from Point A to Point B.
Fencing Materials :
Available standard wood sizes should be considered during design
process. However, due to regional variations, some types may not be
the available throughout the country.

PLANTING:
Planting is one of the key elements available to the designs. It can be
used to reinforce the overall organizational and spatial concept
Planting is a multi-valued element in the landscape.
Planting has the following potentials for visually structuring a
development.
Planting can
Direct a viewer's use to desired point in space
Serve as a visual focus
Unify divergent fbrms
Define and separate views
Frame a view
Provide a color Planting has the following potentials of functionally
organizing a development.
It can:-Provide shape
- Form a physical barriers
- Reduce noise levels
-Reduce soil erosion Along with these many positive uses of
planting, there are two negative concerns which must he kept in mind:
- Planting can provide concealment for potential assailants
- Planting requires maintenance.

GRADING:

The development's grading can be

thought of as another opportunity to
reinforce and articulate an circulation
concept. Too often grading is only thought
of as a way of making sure surface water
does not drain into potential of the
ground plane as a structuring device is
completely overlooked. Some of the
visual below..
Direct a viewer's use to a desired point
in space
Serve as a visual forms
Separate visually incompatible land
uses
Form a physical barrier
Form a wind break
Reduce noise levels
The
two elements
Reduce
erosion should be designed together as a system because
when they are designed separately, there's the possibility that the two
may be in opposition, creating confusion and diluting the overall
organizational concept.
overall site organization and buildings and the real and functional uses
of grading are listed

VENTILATION
Definiitions of ventilation states that lets fresh air into a room or
building and lets old or dirty air out.

TYPES OF VENTILATION
Mechanical or forced ventilation:
Through an air handling unit or direct injection to a space by a fan. A
local exhaust fan can enhance infiltration or natural ventilation, thus
increasing the ventilation air flow rate.
Natural ventilation occurs when the air in a space is changed with
outdoor air Without the use of mechanical systems, such as a fan.
Most often natural ventilation is assured through operable windows
but it can also be achieved through temperature and pressure
differences between spaces. Open windows or vents are not a good
choice for ventilating a basement or other below ground structure.
Allowing outside air into a cooler below ground space will cause
problems with humidity and condensation.
Infiltration is separate from ventilation, but is often used top provide
ventilation air.

NATURAL VENTILATION
It is the ventilation of a building with outside air without the use of a
fan or other mechanical system. It can be achieved with openable
windows or trickle vents when the spaces to ventilate are small and
the architecture permits. In more complex systems warm air in the
building can be allowed to rise and flow out upper openings to the
outside (stack effect) thus forcing cool outside air to be drawn into the
building naturally through openings in the lower areas. These systems
use very little energy but care must be taken to ensure the occupants'
comfort. In warm or humid months, in many climates, maintaining
thermal comfort solely via natural ventilation may not be possible so
conventional air conditioning systems are used as backups. Air-side
economizers perform the same function as natural ventilation, but use
mechanical systems' fans, ducts, dampers, and control systems to

SHAFTS:
In architecture an airshaft is a small, vertical space within a tall
building which permits ventilation of the building's interior spaces to
the outside. The floor plan of a building with an airshaft is often
described as a "square donut. Alternatively, airshaft may be formed
between two adjacent buildings. Windows on the interior side of the
donut allow air from the buildings to be exhausted into the shaft, and,
depending on the height and width of the shaft, may also allow extra
sunlight inside.

SECURITY SYSTEMS
SECURITY GUARDS
A security guard, (or security officer) is usually a privately
and formally employed person who is paid to protect property, assets,
or people . Often, security officers are uniformed and act to protect
property by maintaining a high visibility presence to deter illegal and
inappropriate actions, observing directly, through patrols, or by
watching alarm systems or video cameras) for signs of crime, fire or
disorder; then taking action and reporting any incidents to their client
and emergency services as appropriate.

CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV)

Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is the use of video cameras to
transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. It
differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not openly
transmitted, though it may employ point to point, point to multipoint,
or mesh wireless links. CCTV is often used for surveillance in areas
that may be used in monitoring such as banks, casinos, airports.

SURVEILLANCE PLANNING
For many resorts there is usually a front desk and bellman staff on
duty for a major part of any 24 hour period. The lay-out of the
premises just as often prevents such personnel from adequately follow
activities except for the immediate lobby areas. A well planned
surveillance system can overcome such deficiencies, make the staff
more effective and can improve the security and safety of both
premises and guests. Knowing what is going on in corridors on all
areas of the entity as well as in the parking lots, momentarily or at any
past time period, can become a factor in the operation of the business.
A combination of indoor and provide current views on a multi screen
monitor placed at the front desk. When the cameras are also connect
to a recording device, they can take images at predetermined
intervals. The recorded images will be stored and time stamped on
tapes or on a computer hard-disk for later review if and when required.
Of course if there is no need to review the images, they can be easily
removed from the storage media. Cameras can be either wired or
wireless.
The wireless cameras have the added advantage of being easily
moved from one location to another as needs arise. Systems are
available is many variations from a few cameras to more elaborate 16
SMOKE
DETECTION
AND
camera configurations. It is possible to monitor the recordings from
ALARMS
off-premise locations by use of Internet facilities.
An automatic fire alarm system is
designed to detect the unwanted
presence
of
fire
by
monitoring
environmental changes associated with
combustion. A system of interconnected
smoke detectors should be installed with
units in every room including common as
and all non-guest rooms. If they are
installed in compliance with nationally
FIRE SPRINKLERS
recognized standards, the alarm system
Fire sprinklers are fundamental to hotel fire safety. You must stay
will alert guests who are at risk.
on a fully sprinkle red hotel for you: We have a basic criterion for hotel
fire safety a fire sprinkler system with 0-inklers in every room,
installed in compliance with nationally recognized standards and then
maintained by qualified technicians. Sprinklers are designed to stop a
fire when it is small, and they have a superior track record in saving
lives and property.

SMOKE DETECTION AND ALARMS.

A system of interconnected smoke detectors should be installed,
with units in ever)/ room including common areas and all non-guest
rooms. If they are installed in compliance with nationally recognized
standards, the alarm system will alert guests who are at risk.

EMERGENCY EXIT
A fire escape is a type of emergency exit that is external to a
building. Some buildings such as schools, have fire drills to practice
using emergency exits. Many disasters could have been prevented if
people had known where fire escapes were, and if emergency exits
had not been blocked.
For example, in An emergency exit in a structure is a special exit for
emergencies such as a fire: the combined use of regular and special
exits allows for faster evacuation, while it also provides an alternative
if the route to the regular exit is blocked by fire, etc. It is usually a
strategically located (e.g. in a stairwell, hallway, or other likely Mace)
outward opening door with a crash bar on it and with exit signs leading
to it. The name is an obvious reference to when they are frequently
used, however a tire exit can also be a main doorway in or out. A fire
escape is a special kind of emergency exit, mounted to the outside of
a building. Evacuation and safety instructions are frequently four the
inside of hotel room doors.

THE SIZES OF EMERGENCY EXITS

If you want to have an emergency exit as small as a
window, then it is important that the structure have he maximum
height of 44 inches. It is also necessary that the net opening height if
the window is not less than inches while the width should be at least
20 inches. the window well must have a length of 36 inches and a
width of 60inches. On the other hand, if you like the exit to be as big
as a door, then the standard height should be at least 90 inches. The
width of the structure is atleast 28 inches.
INTELLIGENT BUILDING SYSTEM
After fire protection goals are established usually referencing the
minimum levels of protection mandated by the appropriate model
building code, insurance agencies, and other authorities - the fire
designer undertakes to detail specific components, arrangements, and
interfaces necessary to accomplish these goals.

WATER SERVICES

Whenerever possible, pipe work should be concealed in well-detailed,

accessible ducts to reduce vandalism and to improve its appearance.
Insulate all pipe work and run beneath roof/ceiling insulation for extra
protection and ease of maintenance.
In all-electric buildings/clubhouses, consider a central, multi-point
heater in preference to individual shower or basin heaters with limited
output.
Hot water storage is wasteful except where there is continuity of use,
for example in educational establishments.

 Use thermostatic mixing valves to control the flow and temperature

of any stored water.
Fit cylinders with centrally-located 7-day, 24-hour time switches.
Provide bib-cocks in shower areas to allow hosing down. 'drinking
fountains should be provided.

SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

This is the term that is now applied to all drainage systems that are
sustainable whether urban or rural and including natural and
engineered structures. Where this becomes relevant to pool design is
that local authorities in recent years have made "suds sustainable
drainage systems a condition of planning applications for new builds
or even extensions to existing buildings. accordingly engineers
engaged by clubs to design clubhouses should liaise with local
authorities to ensure they comply with local planning and building
guidelines regarding suds there can be adopted such as Rain Water
Harvestin, soak ways and attentuation and flow control.

WATER CONSERVATION:
It is very important that all clubs consider the conservation of water
within their premises in order to achieve savings it is important that
any internal or external pipe leaks are eliminated from the outset once
this is achieved there are a number of ways of conserving water:.
Installing water saving taps, be it push taps or infrared taps, will
reduce the volumes of water used substantially and also eliminate any
risks of flooding within the building.
Fitting aerators to the taps reduces the volumes of water been used
by as much as 60% and are usually simple to install onto existing taps.
Changing existing showerheads for water saving showerheads. using
the principle of aeration, (adding air to reduce the volumes of water)
does not affect the performance of the shower but can reduce the
volumes used per minute from as high as 20I/min down to 4 to 61/min.
Installing smart Waterless urinals to eliminate water usage altogether.
urinals are one of the largest users of water. one urinal can use over
100,000 litres of water in the year.
If your building has old toilet cisterns (> 9 litres) look at installing
displacement devices in your toilets.
The above are just some ways of reducing the volumes of water
straight away. by adopting some of these, not alone are you saving
vast quantities of water, but you are also saving the energy required
to heat all this extra water. there are other systems which will help in
reducing the volume of water used in buildings, most notably by by
use of a rain Water harvesting system. by installing an over ground or
undergoundtank by the side of your building you can easily capture
the rainfall (" the majority of your roof. this can then be recycled and

PARKING

Easy access and surveillance from housing units.

Vehicular and pedestrian interaction should be carefully analysed with
a focus to minimising conflict.
Alternate use of parking, as play area or other such activity, where
possible can be considered.
Parking area should not dominate site/streetscape.
Well designed parking lot can fade into the background and still
remain fully functional/ accessible and safe.
Break monotony of parking space by introduction of natural and man
made elements.
Planting can soften the overall impact of parking areas and to provide
shade and noise reduction.

PARKING ANALYSIS:
The provision of parking must recognize the sum of various
components and interrelationship of the peaks and valley over a 24hour period.
Part 1:determine the components of the parking requirements: over
night guests, restaurant and bar patrons, meeting attendants, and
other visitors.
Part 11: calculate the maximum number of cars that might be
reasonably anticipated, planning to accommodate full demand on 8085 percent of all days. The overnight guest calculation is illustrated by
the following example:
Number of rooms
400
Percent occupancy
85
People per room
1.4
Percent arriving by car 4
40
People per car
1.5
The equation for calculating guest's
Parking requirement is as follows:
(Rooms) x (% occupancy) x (people/room ) x
(% by car) (People/car)
Example: 400 x 85 x 1.4 x .40 =127 cars