Eco-textiles

A new concept is causing the textile

industries to rethink their strategies: Sourcing
Manufacturing/producing
Marketing

Eco-textiles
Eco means:A reduction of every negative
impact that textiles have on the
environment
In the form of
Pollution
Damage to the planet

Eco-textiles
Eco means:A focus on environmental and
social compatibility along the
entire textile production
chain.

Textile process flow

Inputs
Raw
materials
Dyes &
Chemicals
Water
Energy

Air
pollutants
Products
Production
process

Solid
wastes

Change or modify in all areas.

Waste
water
Stream

Eco-textiles
Eco-friendly textiles and methods
Can be used in every stage of
production
raw material
Dyeing and printing
use of chemicals
energy efficiency
waste water management

Eco-friendly textiles and

methods
Time come to consider
Entire life cycle of textile product
What happens after a textile
has been sold
worn
washed several times
and then thrown away

Discharge from process

house
color residues
electrolytes
surfactants
toxic air emissions
metals
RM
temperature
pH

Discharge from process

house
parameter changes
BOD
COD
TSS
Metals
Aquatic toxicity

Typical fixation % of fibers

Dye Class

Fixation % (APP)

Fibers

Acid

80 - 93

Polyamide

Basic

90 - 98

Acrylic

Direct

70 - 95

Cellulosic

Disperse

80 - 92

Polyester

Pre-metalized

95 - 98

Polyamide

Reactive

50 - 80

Cellulosic

Sulphur

60 - 70

Cellulosic

Vat

80 - 95

Cellulosic

Pollution control
Color in waste water
affinity of dyes- choice
preparation of materials
liquor ratio
process parameterstime/temp profile.
machine
energy

Pollution control
Color in waste water
maximizing
exhaustion/fixation- minimum
waste- choice of process.
dyes handling- spillage color dissolution
what about residual dyes
inside drum.

Pollution control
Color in waste water
to dye without or least
chemicals- ultimately which
retard or reduce the
exhaustion.
too much chemicals- no of
side effects.

Pollution
salt
20 80 g/l general rule for
cellulosic reactive.
salt concentration 2000
3000 ppm.
pollution norms- 250 ppm
very difficult to down this.

Pollution control
salt requirement
Hot brand reactive dyeing
Cold brand reactive dyeing
Direct dyeing
Vat dyeing
Sulphur dyeing

Pollution control
Color in waste water
Direct and reactive dyeingfixation at end: to fix some
dyes.

Pollution control
salt requirement
use lowest possible LR
optimize individual shade
first time right
preparation of RM
selection of dyes that needs
less salt.
Optimize dyeing temperature.

Pollution control
LR ratio and salt