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M O D U L E
Surface Courses
Item 300 Aggregate Surface Course
Item 301 Bituminous Prime Coat
Item 302 - Bituminous Tack Coat
Item 307 - Bituminous Plant Mix Surface Course-General
Item 310 Bituminous Concrete Surface Course, Hot Laid
Item 311 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement
Bridge Construction
Item 404 Reinforcing Steel
Item 405 Structural Concrete
Item 406 Prestressed Concrete Structures
Item 407 Concrete Structures
Item 411 Paints
* Miscellaneuos
Materials
MATERIALS TESTING
QUALITY CONTROL
It should be emphasized that what are specified are the minimum number
of testing only. Additional number of test can be require to the materials
if the owner/inspector is in doubt of the quality of materials or the
finished structure.
If the test is not conducted at the proper time, there is no quality control
since it will then be too late to correct anything that is defective.
What is Quality ?
is a judgment by the customer or users of a product or
service.
It is the extent to which the customer or users feel the
product or service surpasses their needs and
expectations.
What is Control ?
It is usually used in relation to something in need of
checking or regulating due to some important and
compelling reasons.
It is used to correct something which has gone wrong or
in other words, control is instituted as a (corrective)
preventive measure.
There is another form of control which is now widely and
increasingly used in most industries to gauge the
performance and excellence of work and product. It is the
combination of the above two-words we have just defined and
the name is Quality Control.
What is checked?
Materials and methods of construction or workmanship
Quality Control therefore includes all procedures which are necessary
to insure that the materials used and workmanship employed conform
to the standard of quality specified in the approved plans and specifications
If quality control is done by sight or other means without the benefit
of laboratory tests, and lately executed, it is pure and simple
guessing.
A.
Tests to be Performed
Item No.
Description
Unit
Quantity
103 (1)
Structure Excavation
cu.m.
41
None
103 (6)
cu.m.
85
None
104 (1)
cu.m.
659
104 (2)
cu.m.
1657
105 (1)
Subgrade Preparation
sq.m.
21,808
200 (1)
cu.m.
4811
GP-16,C-4,D-64,
Q-4, CBR-2
201
cu.m.
7474
GP-25, C-5,Q-5,
D-100, CBR-3
311
PCCP
sq. m.
a. Cement
bags
b. Fine Agg.
cu. m.
c. Coarse Agg.
cu. m.
d. Steel Bars
kg.
e. Concrete
cu. m.
f. Completed PCCP, 200mm. , thk.
34,181
61,526
3419
5264
700
GPC 1, D-7
GPC 1, D-17
GPC 3, D-44
Q 31
Q 3, G- 46
Q 4, G-71
Q1
FS 91 sets CB
5 cores/km/lane
B.
INSPECTION:
__________________________________
Materials Engineer
Approved By:
_______________________________
Project Engineer
Date
Description
Quantity Accomplished
________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
__________________________
b.
c.
PM.Clear
Project Activities:
a.
b.
c.
Compaction of the fill materials, Item 105 was done with sheepsfoot roller at
Sta. 1+600 to Sta. 2+000
Screening of coarse aggregate from Bauan River was done at the batching plant
for use for Item 405
Preparation of reinforcing steel bars for concrete pouring of double culvert at Sta.
2+105.70
Inspection
- An activity which is complimentary to quality control
- It is done on items of works not subject to testing. Construction
activities such as proper placing of forms, building up an embankment
in layers, benching of the hillside prior to filling, placing of
reinforcement or curing of concrete are encompassed by inspection.
6 - STO
NE MAS
ONRY
ITEM 50
ITE
M
505
GR
OU
T
ED
RIP
R
AP
MATERIALS REQUIREMENT :
Embankments shall be constructed of suitable materials, in consonance
with the following definitions:
1. Suitable Material material which is acceptable in accordance with the
contract and which can be compacted in the manner specified. It can be
common material or rock.
Selected Borrow , for Topping soil of such gradation that all particles
will pass sieve with 75 mm ( 3 inches ) and not more than 15 mass
percent will pass the 0.075 mm ( N0. 200 ) sieve. The materials shall have
a plasticity index of not more than 6 and a liquid limit of not more than
30
Compaction Trials
Before commencing the formation of embankments, compaction trials
on areas not less than 10 m wide and 50 m long shall be carry-out to
determine the relationship between types of compaction equipment and
the number of passes required and the method of adjusting moisture
content.
The embankment material shall be compacted in layers until a uniform
density of not less than 95 mass percent of the maximum dry density is
attained as determined by AASTHO T 99 Method C
At least one group of three in-situ density tests shall be carried out
for each 500 m2 of each layer of compacted fill.
+ 20 mm
- 30 mm
30 mm
0.5%
0.1%
4. Pneumatic-tire rollers shall have a smooth tread tires of equal size that will
provide a uniform compacting pressure for the full width of the roller and
capable of exerting a ground pressure of at least 550 kpa (80 lbs/in2).
5. Heavier compacting unit may be required to achieve the specified
density of the embankment
To determine target density, a control strip shall be constructed at the
beginning of work each course material to be compacted. A control
strip shall an area of approximately 335 sq.m.
The target density shall be the mean density of the control strip by
averaging the results of ten in-place density tests taken at randomly
selected sites within the control strips
If the mean density of the control strips is less than 98 percent of the
density of laboratory compacted specimens as determined by testing
procedures appropriate for the material being placed, another control
strip shall be constructed.
Materials Requirements:
Subbase materials shall consist of hard, durable particles or fragments of
crushed slag, or crushed natural gravel and filler of natural or crushed sand
or other finely divided mineral matter shall be free from vegetable matter and
lumps or balls of clay.
Grading Requirements:
The subbase materials should be well graded and should conform to
the following grading requirements as tested by ASSHTO T 11 and T 27
Sieve Designation
Mass % Passing
Mm
Inches
50
100
25
55 85
9.5
3/8
40 75
0.075
No. 200
0 - 12
The fraction passing 0.425 mm (No. 40) sieve shall have a Liquid
Limit of not greater than 35
The fraction passing the 0.425 mm (No. 40) sieve shall have a
plasticity index (PI) of not greater than 12
The coarse portion, retained on a 2.0 mm (No. 10) sieve shall have a
mass percent of wear not exceeding 50 by the Los Angeles
Abrasion Tests.
The material shall shall have a soaked CBR value of not less than
25%. This value shall obtained at
the maximum dry density
(MDD) as determined by ASSHTO T 180, Method D)
20 mm
+ 10 mm
- 20 mm
20 mm
0.3%
0.1%
Materials Requirements:
The fraction passing the 0.075 mm (No. 200 sieve shall not be
greater than 0.66 (two thirds) of the fraction passing the 0.425 mm
(No. 40 sieve)
Materials Requirements
The base course materials should conform to one of the following
grading requirements:
Sieve Designation
Mass % Passing
mm
inches
Grading A
Grading B
50
100
37.5
100
25.0
60 85
19.0
60 85
12.5
35 65
4.75
No. 4
20 50
30 55
0.425
No. 40
5 20
8 25
0.075
No. 200
0 - 12
2 14
0.1%
Material Requirements
Crushed Aggregates
shall consist of hard, durable particles or fragments of stone or gravel
crushed to the size and shall be clean and free from vegetable matters,
lumps or balls of clay and other deleterious substances. The material
shall be of such nature that it can be compacted readily to form a
firm, stable base.
GRADING REQUIREMENTS
The base material shall conform to one of the following grading
requirements, whichever is called for in the Bill of Quantities.
Sieve Designation
Std., mm
Std., inch
Grading A
37.5
1 1/ 2
100
25
19
Grading B
100
3 /4
60 - 85
12.5
1/ 2
60 - 90
4.75
No. 4
30 - 55
35 - 65
0.425
No. 40
8 - 25
10 - 30
0.075
No. 200
2- 14
5 - 15
Materials Requirement :
Shall consist of hard, durable particles or fragments of stone or gravel and
sand or other fine mineral particles free from vegetable matter and lumps
or balls of clay and it can be compacted readily to form a firm, stable layer.
Grading Requirements
Sieve Designation
Standard
mm
25
Alternate
US Std.
Grading
B
Grading
D
100
3/8
50 85
60 100
4.75
No. 4
35 65
50 85
55 100
70 - 100
2.00
No. 10
25 50
40 70
40 100
55 100
0.425
No. 40
15 30
25 45
20 50
30 70
0. 075
No. 200
5 20
5 20
6 20
8 - 25
9.5
100
Grading
C
100
100
Fracture Face
When crushed aggregate is intended for use, not less than fifty ( 50 ) mass
percent of the particles retained on the 4.75 mm ( No. 4 ) shall have at least
one ( 1 ) fractured surface.
+ 15 mm
- 5 mm
+ 15 mm
- 5 mm
5 mm
+ 0.2%
+ 0.1%
Materials Requirement :
Bituminous material shall be either Rapid Curing (RC) or Medium Curing
(MC) Cut-Back Asphalt
Rapid Curing Liquid Asphalts shall conform to the requirements of
AASHTO M 81
Medium Curing Liquid Asphalts shall conform to the requirements of
AASHTO
M 82
Materials Requirement :
Bituminous material shall be either Rapid Curing (RC) Cut-Back or
Emulsified Asphalt
Rapid Curing Liquid Asphalts shall conform to the requirements of
AASHTO
M 81
Emulsified Asphalt shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M140
(Anionic) or AASHTO M 208 (Cationic)
Materials Requirements :
Composition and Quality of Bituminous Mixture
( Job Mix Formula )
Each job-mix formula shall propose definite single values for :
1. The percentage of aggregate passing each specified sieve size
2. The percentage of bituminous material to be added.
3. The temperature of the mixture delivered on the road
4. The kind and percentage of additive to be used
5. The kind and percentage of mineral filler to be used
7 percent
+ 4 percent
+ 2 percent
Bituminous Material
+ 0.4 percent
Temperature of Mixture
+ 10 deg. Centigrade
Samples shall be cut at full depth of the finished pavement for testing
by sawing or core drilling. Sawed and cored samples shall be squared
at least 150 mm x 150 mm or 100 mm diameter, respectively.
At least one, but not more than three (3) samples shall be taken for each
full days operation.
If no core samples were taken during the days operation, core samples
shall be taken from the completed pavement for every 100 lm. per lane.
no acceptance and final payment shall be made on completed asphalt
pavement unless core test for thickness determination is conducted.
The compacted pavement shall have a density equal to, or greater than 97
mass percent of the density of a laboratory specimen. The asphalt
pavement represented by the cores shall not accepted if the deficiency in
density is more than 2 %.
The compacted pavement shall have a thickness tolerances of (-) 5 mm.
Thickness in excess of the specified thickness shall not be considered in
the payment of asphalt pavement.
The asphalt pavement represented by the individual core shall not be
accepted if the deficiency in the core thickness is more than 5 mm.
Averaging of the density and thickness of asphalt cores is not permitted.
If the deficiency in the core thickness is more than 5 mm, additional layer
may be permitted in order to meet the designed thickness, however, the
minimum additional asphalt overlay thickness should be dependent on the
minimum capacity of asphalt paver but it should not be less than 50 mm
( 2 inches ).
Materials Requirements:
1. Portland Cement
Only Type I Portland Cement shall be used unless otherwise provided for
in the Special Provisions.
Different brands or the same brands from different mills shall not be mixed
nor shall they be used alternately unless the mix is approved by the
Engineer.
The use of Portland Pozzolan Cement Type IP meeting the requirements
of AASTHO M 240 / ASTM C 695 shall be allowed, provided that the trial
mixes shall be done and that the mixes meet the concrete strength
requirements.
2. Fine Aggregate
material passing the 0.075 mm ( No. 200 sieve ) shall not contain
more than (3) mass percent by washing nor more than (1) mass
percent each of clay lumps or shale.
when subjected to five (5) cycles of the sodium sulfate soundness
test, the weighted loss, shall not exceed 10 mass percent
if subjected to the calorimetric test for organic impurities and a color
darker than the standard is produced, it shall be rejected.
4.75 mm ( No. 4 )
95 - 100
2.36 mm ( No. 8 )
1.18 mm ( No. 16 )
45 - 80
0.600 mm ( No. 30 )
0.300 mm ( No. 50 )
5 - 30
0 - 10
3. Coarse Aggregate
contain not more than one (1) mass percent of material passing the 0.074
mm ( No. 200 sieve ) by washing nor more than 0.25 mass percent of clay
lumps, nor more than 3.5 mass percent of soft fragments.
if subjected to five (5) cycles of the sodium sulfate soundness test, the
weighted loss shall not exceed 12 mass percent.
shall have a mass percent of wear not exceeding 40 when tested to Los
Abrasion machine.
Alternate
U.S. Std.
Grading
B
Grading
C
100
90 100
100
100
75
3 in.
63
2 in.
50
2 in.
37. 5
1 in.
25
1 in.
0 15
35 70
19
in.
0 10
12.5
in.
05
05
10 30
No. 4
05
4.75
90 100
25 60
35 70
95 - 100
-
5. Reinforcing Steel
tie bars shall be deformed bars that are to bent and re-straightened
during construction and shall conform to the requirements of AASTHO M
31 or M42
dowel bars shall be plain round bars where one-half of the length shall
be painted with one coat of approved lead or tar paint and shall conform to
the requirements of AASTHO M 31 or M42.
Slump Requirements :
- if vibrated, a slump between 37.5 75 mm ( 1-1/2 3 inches )
- if not vibrated, a slump between 12.5 37.5 mm ( - 3 inches )
Strength Requirements :
- flexural strength @ 14 days of 3.8 Mpa ( 550 psi ), when tested by the
third point method or 4.5 Mpa ( 650 psi ), when tested by mid-point
method
- compressive strength @ 14 days of 24.1 Mpa ( 3500 psi ) for cores taken
and tested in accordance with AASTHO T 24
Setting of Forms
forms shall be of steel and of equal depth equal to the thickness of the
pavement at the edge and provided with adequate devices for secure
setting.
any roadbed, which at the form line is found below established grade,
shall be filled with approved granular materials to grade in lifts of 3 cm.
or less, and thoroughly re-rolled or tamped.
Mixing of Concrete
the concrete may be mixed at the site of the work, in a centralmix plant, or in truck mixers
concrete mix when supplied by a batching plant, shall only be
allowed in the DPWH projects provided it is duly accredited
by the BRS ( DO # 253, S. of 2003 ).
batching plants installed/used in the DPWH contract projects
shall also be required to be accredited prior to supply the
concrete mix.
concrete when mixed at the site or in a central mixing plant, the
mixing time shall not be less than 50 seconds nor more than 90
seconds
Mixing of Concrete
the time elapsed from the time the water is added to the mix until the
concrete is deposited in place at the site, shall not exceed 45 minutes
when concrete is hauled in non agitating trucks, nor 90 minutes when
hauled in truck mixers.
when volumetric measurements are authorized for small project requiring
less than 75 cu.m. of concrete per day of pouring, the weight proportions
shall be converted to equivalent volumetric proportions. Use of chute is
allowed provided that a weighing scales for determining the batch weight
will be used.
Limitation of Mixing
concrete not in place within 90 minutes from the time the ingredients were charged into the mixing drum or that has developed
initial set shall not be used.
retempering of concrete or mortar which has partially hardened
that is remixing with or without additional cement,aggregate or
water, shall not be permitted.
Placing of Concrete
if only finishing equipment is carried on the newly paved lane,
paving in adjoining lanes may be permitted after 3 days.
concrete shall be thoroughly consolidated by means of a vibrator
inserted in the concrete in a vertical position and should not be
operated longer than 15 seconds in any one location.
vibrators shall operate at a frequency of 8,300 to 9,600 impulses
per minute under load and the space interval of inserting
vibrators should be between 50 cm to 60 cm.
Placing of Concrete
vibrators shall be used for consolidation only, and not be used for
moving concrete horizontally along the forms.
a well consolidated concrete is 20 % to 25 % higher in strength than that
of concrete which is not thoroughly consolidated
concrete not in-place within 90 minutes from the time the ingredients
were charged into the mixing drum or that has develop initial set shall
not be used.
Test Specimens
as work progresses, at least one (1) set consisting of three (3) concrete
beam test specimens, 150 mm x 150 mm x 525 mm or 900 mm shall be
taken from each 330 m2 of pavement, 230 mm depth, or fraction thereof
placed each day.
when shown on the plans and when the adjacent lanes of pavement are
constructed separately, joint steel side forms shall be used which will
form a keyway along the construction.
the depth of the weakened plane joint should at all times not less
than 50 mm and width should not be more than 6 mm.
Longitudinal joints
Final Finish
brooming operation should be executed that the corrugations
produced in the surface shall be uniform in appearance and
not more than 1.5 mm in depth.
Surface Test
the hardened finished pavement shall be tested with a 3-m
straight-edge or other specified device.
areas showing high spots of more than 3 mm but not exceeding
12 mm shall be marked and immediately ground down with an
approved grinding tool to an elevation where there area or spot
will not show surface deviations in excess of 3 mm when tested
with 3 m straight
areas showing high spots of more than 12 mm, the pavement
shall be removed and replaced by and at the expense of the
contractor.
any area or section to be removed shall not be less than 1.5 m
in length and not less than the full width of the lane involved.
any remaining portion of the slab to be removed and replaced
adjacent to the joints that is less than 1.5 m in length, shall also
be removed and replaced.
Curing
Immediately after the finishing operations have been completed and
the concrete has sufficiently set, the surface of the newly placed
concrete shall be cured for a period of 72 hours, with any of the
following methods:
1. By covering the pavement with cotton or burlap mats saturated with
water.
2. By thoroughly wetting the pavement and covering its top surface
and sides with waterproof paper.
3. By ponding which involves maintaining a layer of water on the
surface of the pavement by means of earth or sand dikes.
4. By spraying uniformly with white pigmented curing compound
( Impervious Membrane Method ) immediately after finishing of the
surface and before the set of concrete has taken place.
Removal of Forms
forms for concrete shall remain in place undisturbed for not
less than24 hours after concrete pouring.
Acceptance of Concrete
the strength level of the concrete will be considered satisfactory if the
averages of all sets of three (3) consecutive strength test results equals
or exceed the specified strength and no individual strength test result
is deficient by more than 15 % of the specified strength.
Acceptance of Concrete
if the strength of control specimens does not meet the strength
requirements and it is not advisable to obtain cores from the structure
due to structural considerations, payment of the concrete will be made
at an adjusted price due to strength deficiency of concrete specimens
as specified hereunder:
Deficiency in Strength of Concrete Specimens
Percent (%)
Less than 5
5 to less than 10
80
10 to less than 15
70
15 to less than 20
60
20 to less than 25
50
25 or more
Opening to Traffic
the concrete pavement will not be opened to traffic until the test
specimens molded and cured have attained the minimum strength
requirements.
if tests are not conducted prior to the specified age, the pavement
shall not be operated to traffic until 14 days after the concrete was
placed.
Percentage Contract
Price Per Lot
05
100% payment
6 10
95% payment
11 15
85% payment
16 20
70% payment
21 25
50% payment
More than 25
AASHTO M 31 ( 2003 )
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR DEFORMED AND PLAIN STEEL BARS
FOR CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT
STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS:
GRADE
280 ( 40 )
420 ( 60 )
420
620
280
420
520 ( 75 )
690
520
ELONGATION REQUREMENTS:
BAR DESIGNATION No. (mm)
No. 3
( 10 )
GRADE 280 ( 40 )
11
No. 4, 5 ( 13, 16 )
12
No. 6
12
No. 7, 8 ( 22, 25 )
( 19 )
AASHTO M 31 ( 2003 )
STANDARD NOMINAL DIMENSIONS AND DEFORMATION REQUIREMENTS
Nominal Dia. Nominal Mass
mm
kg / m
Nominal Cross
Sect. Area, mm2
Max. Ave.
Spacing, mm
Max. Gap
mm
10
0.560
71
6.7
0.38
3.6
13
0.994
129
8.9
0.51
4.9
16
1.552
199
11.1
0.71
6.1
19
2.235
284
13.3
0.97
7.3
22
3.042
387
15.5
1.12
8.5
25
3.973
510
17.8
1.27
9.7
29
5.060
645
20.1
1.42
10.9
32
6.404
819
22.6
1.63
12.4
36
7.907
1006
25.1
1.80
13.7
Bending Requirement
Variation in Mass, %
Phosphorous Content, %
0.06 Max.
Footnotes:
Grade 280 (40) are furnished only in sizes 10 mm through 19 mm
Grade 520 (75) are furnished only in sizes 19 mm through 57 mm
Grade 420 (60) are furnished in all sizes from 10 mm to 57 mm
WELDABLE
NON - WELDABLE
WELDABLE
230
390
390
230
230
275
480
480
275
275
415
620
550 *
415
415 **
ELONGATION REQUREMENTS:
GRADE
PERCENT
BAR DIAMETER, mm
NON WELDABLE
230
275
425
ELONGATION
WELDABLE
< 25 mm
18
20
25 mm
16
18
< 25 mm
10
16
25 mm
14
< 25 mm
14
25 mm
12
PARAMETERS
NOMINAL DIAMETER, mm
10
12
16
20
25
28
32
36
40
0.616
0.888
1.578
2.466
3.853
4.834
6.313
7.990
9.865
78.54
113.10
201.06
314.16
490.88
615.75
804.25
1017.88
1256.64
17.25
19.6
22.4
25.2
28.0
7.0
8.4
11.2
14.0
0.4
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
0.8
1.0
1.4
2.0
2.4
2.8
3.2
3.6
4.0
7.8
9.4
12.6
15.7
19.6
22.0
25.1
27.5
31.41
Variation in Mass, %
Note : * Tensile srength shall not be less than 1.25 times the actual yield strength. TS / TY for
Weldable 1.25
** Yield Strength = 540 Mpa max.
A-
Class C - Thin reinforced sections, railings, precast R.C. piles and cribbing and
for filler grid floors.
Class P Seal
MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS
Portland Cement
provided for
When subjected to five (5) cycles of the sodium sulfate soundness test
the weighted loss shall not exceed 10 mass percent
100
4.75 mm ( No. 4 )
95 - 100
2.36 mm ( No. 8 )
1.18 mm ( No. 16 )
45 - 80
0.600 mm ( No. 30 )
0.300 mm ( No. 50 )
5 - 30
0 - 10
Course Aggregates
It shall contain not more than one (1) mass percent of materials passing
the 0.075 mm (No. 200 Sieve), not more than 0.25 mass percent of clay
lumps, nor more than 3.5 mass percent of soft fragments.
If subjected to five (5) cycles of the sodium sulfate soundness test, the
weighted loss shall not exceed 12 mass percent.
Sieve Designation
Class B
63.0
2 1/2 in
100
50.0
2 in
100
95 - 100
37.5
1-1/2 in
95100
25.0
1 in
35-70
19.0
34 in
35-70
12.5
1/2 in
9.5
3/8 in
4.75
No. 4
Class C
Class P
Class
Seal
100
100
95-100
100
95 - 100
10-30
90-100
25-60
10-30
40-70
20-55
0-5
0-5
0-15
0-10
0-10
Reinforcing Steel
reinforcing steel should be clean and free of loose rust or mill scale
when concrete is placed.
Curing Materials
curing means preventing or delaying drying up of intrinsic moisture
inside the capillaries of concrete for adequate hydration of cement in
the mix in order that may continue to gain strength.
Curing materials for concrete such as cotton mats, burlap cloth, waterproof paper, liquid membrane forming compounds or sheeting (film)
materials shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 182, AASHTO
M 171 and AASHTO M 148, respectively
immediately after the finishing operations have been completed and the
concrete has sufficiently set, the surface of the newly placed concrete
shall be cured for a period of 72 hours, with any of the methods as in
Item 311-Portland Cement Concrete Pavement.
Class of
Concrete
A
Designated Size
Consistency Range
Min. Cement
Max.
of Coarse
in Slump
Content per m3 kg Water/Cement
Aggregate
(bag**)
Ratio kg/kg
Mm (inch)
Std. Mm (inch)
360
0.53
(9 bags)
B
320
0.58
(8 bags)
C
380
0.55
(9.5 bags)
P
440
0.49
(11 bags)
Seal
380
0.58
(9.5 bags)
Min. Compressive
Strength of Concrete
Cylinder Specimens @
28 days
MN/m2 (psi)
50 100
37.5 4.75
20.7
(2 4)
(1-1/2 No. 4)
(3,000)
50 100
5.0 4.75
16.5
(2 4)
(2 No. 4)
(2,400)
50 100
12.5 4.75
20.7
(2 4)
(3,000)
100 max
19.0 4.75
37.7
(4 max.)
(5,000)
100 200
25 4.75
20.7
(4 8)
(1 No. 4*)
(3,000)
The measured cement content shall be within plus or minus and mass percent of
the design cement content
**
Based of 40 kg/bag
the intervals between delivery of batches shall not be so great as to allow the
concrete inplace to harden partially , and in no case shall such an interval
exceed 30 minutes.
mixing time shall be measured from the time all materials, except water,
are in the drum and shall not be less than 60 seconds for mixers having a
capacity of 1.5 cu.m. or less. While for mixers having a capacity greater
than 1.5 cu.m., the mixing time shall not be less than 90 minutes.
Placing of Concrete
Application
of vibrators shall be at points uniformly spaced, and not
further apart than twice the radius over which the vibration is visibly
effective.
Curing of Concrete
Curing of concrete shall be done by any of the following method:
1. Water Method
2. Curing Compound
Curing membrane shall remain in place for a period of not less than 72
hours.
4.
Admixtures
- a material, other than water, aggregates and hydraulic cement (included
blended cement) that is used as an ingredient of concrete and is added
to the batch in controlled amounts immediately before or during mixing
to produce some desired modification to the properties of the concrete.
-Admixtures should be added only to the concrete mix to produce some
desired modifications to the properties of concrete when necessary, but
not as partial replacement of cement.
-Chemical admixtures, if specified or permitted, shall conform to the
requirements of AASHTO M 194. Fly Ash, if specified or permitted as a
mineral admixture and as 20 % partial replacement of Portland
Cement in concrete mix shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C
618.
Formed surfaces of concrete may be cured by retaining the form-inplace and shall remain in place for a minimum period of 7 days after the
concrete has been placed, except that for members over 50 cm in least
dimensions, the form shall remain in-place for a minimum period of 5
days. Wooden forms shall be kept wet by watering during the curing
period.
Minimum Time
14 days
80 %
14 days
70 %
Walls
1 day
70 %
Columns
2 days
70 %
1 day
70 %
Floor Slabs
Materials Requirements
Concrete and Grout
The materials for concrete and grout shall conform to Item 405, Structural
Concrete. Concrete shall be Class P unless otherwise shown on the plans
or specified in the Special Provisions.
Prestressing Reinforcing Steel
It shall conform to the requirements of the following:
High-Tensile Wire AASSHTO M 204 (ASTM A 421)
High Tensile Wire Rope (AASHTO M 203 (ASTM 203)
High-Tensile Alloy Bars
extension
The load cell, if used, shall be calibrated and shall be provided with an indicator by
means of which the prestressing force in the tendon may be determined.
The range of the load cell shall be such that the lower ten (10) percent
of the manufacturers rated capacity will not be used in determining the
jacking stress.
Pretensioning
No bond stress shall be transferred to the concrete, nor end anchorages released
until the concrete has attained a compressive strength, as shown by cylinder tests,
of at least 28 Mpa unless otherwise specified.
Curing
Steam curing process may be used as an alternative to water curing.
Two to four hours after placing the concrete and after the concrete has under
gone initial set, the first application of steam or radiant heat shall be made unless
retarders are used, in which case the waiting period before the application of the
Steam or radiant heat shall be increased to from four to six hours.
Post-tensioning
Tensioning of the prestressing reinforcement shall not be commenced until tests
on concrete cylinders, manufactured of the same concrete under the same
conditions , indicate that the concrete of the particular member to be prestressed has attained compressive strength of at least 28 Mpa unless otherwise
specified.
Materials Requirements
All paints shall meet the following general requirements:
1.The paint shall show no excessive settling and shall easily redisperse
with a paddle to a smooth, homogeneous state. The paint shall show
no curdling, livering, caking or color separation and shall free from
lumps and skins.
2. The paint as received shall brush easily, possess good levellng
properties and shall show no running or sagging when applied to
a smooth vertical surface.
3.The paint shall dry to a smooth uniform finish, free from roughness
grit, unevenness and other imperfections.
4. The paint shall not skin within 48 hours in a filled tightly closed
container.
Materials Requirements:
Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain and Sewer Pipe shall meets the
requirements of AASHTO M 170
Joint Mortar - it shall consist of one (1) part by volume of Portland
Cement and two (2) parts of approved sand with water as
necessary to obtain the required consistency . Mortar shall
be used within 30 minutes after its preparation.
Bedding - shall conform to one of the classes specified, however, when
no bedding class is specified, the requirements for Class C
bedding shall apply.
Class A bedding shall consist of a continuous concrete cradle
conforming to the plan details
STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE CULVERT, STORM DRAIN, AND SEWER
AASHTO M 170M 94 or ASTM C 76M - 90a
PIPE ( Metric )
CLASS II REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE - WALL B
DESIGN REQMTS.
600 mm
750 mm
900 mm
Internal Diameter, mm
600 - 620
750 775
900 925
Wall Thickness, mm
70 min.
83 min.
990 min.
1050 mm
1200 mm
1050 1080
1200 - 1230
95 min.
108 min.
120 min.
990 min.
990 min.
990 min.
990 min.
16 max.
16 max.
16 max.
16 max.
16 max.
Covering, mm
19 min.
19 min.
19 min.
19 min.
19 min.
Spacing, mm
100 max.
100 max.
100 max.
150 max.
150 max.
380 min.
Length, mm
Sides variation, mm
REINFORCEMENT
150 min.
300 min.
250 min.
320 min.
Outer cage
150 min.
190 min.
0.3 mm crack, N
50 min.
50 min.
50 min.
Ultimate Load, N
75 min.
75 min.
75 min.
75 min.
9 max.
9 max.
9 max.
9 max.
230 min.
Absorption, %
50 min.
50 min.
75 min.
9 max.
Materials Requirements
Stones consist of rock as nearly rectangular in section as is
practical,except that riprap of Class A may consist of round
natural stones. The stones shall be sound, tough, durable,
dense, resistant to the action of air and water, and suitable
in all respects for the purpose intended.
-
Class B
Class C
Class D
Mortar
mm ( 3/8 )
4.75 mm ( No.4 )
2.36 mm ( No. 8 )
1.18 mm ( No.16 )
45 - 80
0.600 mm ( No. 30 )
0.300 mm ( No. 50 )
5 - 30
0 - 10
Mortar
the horizontal and vertical contact surface between stones shall be
embedded by cement mortar having a minimum thickness of 20 mm.
sufficient mortar shall be used to completely fill all voids leaving the
face of the stones exposed.
Filter Materials
when required, the riprap shall be placed on a filter layer to prevent fine
embankment materials to be washed out through the voids of the faces of
stones.
the grading of the filter material shall be specified on the Plans or in the
Special Provisions.
if not so specified, fine aggregate passing the grading requirements for
Item 405, Structural Concrete, will satisfy for the filter materials.
the surface of riprap shall not vary from the theoretical surface
by more than 100 mm at any point.
Grouted riprap shall be cured for a period of at least three (3)
days.
For grouted riprap, spaces between the stones shall be filled
with cement mortar throughout the thickness of the riprap and
sufficient mortar shall be used to completely fill all voids
except that the face surface of the stone shall be left exposed.
Riprap shall have the following minimum thickness, measured
perpendicular to the slope
Class A - 300 mm
Class B - 500 mm
Class C - 600 mm
Class D - 800 mm
Materials Requirements
Stone - unless otherwise shown on the Plans, stones shall have a thickness
of not less than 150 mm, and widths of not less than one and one-half
times their respective thickness, and lengths of not less than one and
one-half times their respective widths. Stones shall be clean, hard,
durable and of good shape and free of depressions and projections
that might weaken or prevent it from being properly bedded. Adobe
stones shall not be used unless otherwise specified.
Mortar
-
shall be mixed in the proportion of one part cement to three parts sand by
volume and sufficient water to obtain the required consistency that can be
handled easily and spread with the trowel.
Mortar that is not used within 90 minutes after the water has been added shall be
discarded. Retempering of mortar will not be permitted.
Stones shall be laid with their longest faces horizontal in full beds of mortar and
joints shall be flushed with mortar. Large stones shall be used in the corners.
The exposed faces of individual stones shall be parallel to the faces of the walls
in which the stones are set.
Weepholes shall be placed horizontally at the lowest points where free outlets
for water can be obtained and shall spaced at not more than 2 meter center to
center in a staggered manner. Other provision of weepholes shall conform to the
requirements of Item 405, Riprap and Grouted Riprap.
All faces of stones shall be thoroughly cleaned of mortar stains immediately after
stones are laid and while the mortar is fresh.
The stone masonry shall be protected from the hot or dry weather and
shall be cured by keeping wet for a period of at least three (3) days after
completion.
Weepholes shall be placed horizontally at the lowest points where free
outlets for water can be obtained and shall spaced at not more than 2
meter center to center in a staggered manner.
The length of the weepholes shall not be less than the thickness of the
walls of the abutment and shall be at least 50 mm diameter PVC or other
pipe material accepted by the Engineer.
Cleaning of exposed faces of stones shall be immediately done after
being laid and while the mortar is still fresh. All face of stones shall be
thoroughly cleaned of mortar stains and shall be kept clean until the
work is completed.
Curing of the completed stone masonry shall be satisfactory protected
from the sun and shall be kept wet for a period of at least three (3) days
after completion.
Materials Requirements
Stone - the stone shall be cleaned, hard, and durable and shall be
subject to the Engineers approval. Adobe stone shall not be used
unless otherwise specified. Stones to be used shall be more than
0.015 cubic meter in volume and not less than 75 percent of the
total volume of rock embankment and shall consist of stones 0.03
cubic meter in volume.
Concrete Class B
- It shall be in accordance with Item 405, Structural Concrete with
16.50 Mpa ( 2400 psi ) minimum compressive strength @ 28 days
Weepholes
Weepholes shall be placed horizontally at the lowest points where
free outlets for water can be obtained and shall spaced at not more
than 2 meter center to center in a staggered manner. Other provision
of weepholes shall conform to the requirements of Item 405, Riprap
and Grouted Riprap.
Gabions
Gabion
s
GABIONS
- is a restraint structure used to control landslide or erosion. It is free
draining, heavy monolithic gravity structure consisting of wire
baskets filled with non-degrable rocks.
Gabion structures can be subject to various stresses and they must be able to
settle, twist and conform to channel and foundation shifts and changes. At the
same time, gabions must have sufficient strength to contain the weight of the
rocks with which they are filled and of additional filled gabions that may be
placed upon them, as well as to resist the impact force of high velocity
currents and soil pressure.
Applications:
Mass gravity retaining structures
Mechanically stabilized earth walls (MSE walls)
Vegetated slope reinforcement
Slope Stabilization
Slope reinforcement
Erosion Control
Mattresses are double twisted wire mesh container uniformly partitioned into
internal cells with relatively small height in relation to other
dimensions, having smaller mesh openings than the mesh used for
gabions. It is generally used for river bank protection and channel
linings.
The length shall be 3.00 m to 6.00 m, the width shall be 2.00 m
and the height shall be 0.17 m, 0.23 m 0r 0.30 m or as shown
on the Plans.
Materials Requirements
Wire - the wire used in the manufactured of double-twisted mesh for use in
gabions and mattresses shall conform to the specifications for the
style ordered as shown below:
Style 1 - double-twisted mesh shall be manufactured from zinccoated steel wire conforming to the specification
requirements of ASTM A 641, Class 3 coating, soft temper
Style 2 - double-twisted mesh shall be manufactured from Zn5A1-MM- coated steel wire conforming to the
specification requirements of ASTM A 856/ A 856 M,
Class 3 coating, soft temper
Style 3 - double-twisted mesh shall be manufactured from the
same type of metallic coated steel wire as Style 1
with
an additional PVC coating extruded into the metalliccoated steel wire.
Style 4 - double-twisted mesh shall be manufactured from
aluminum- coated steel wire conforming to the
specification requirement of ASTM A 809, soft temper
The minimum size of the galvanized and PVC coated wire to be used in the
fabrication of the gabion and mattresses shall be as follows:
Diameter, mm, min.
Gabion
Mattress
Metallic
Coated
PVC
Coated
Metallic
Coated
PVC
Coated
Body Wire
3.05
2.70
2.20
2.20
3.80
3.40
2.70
2.70
2.20
2.20
2.70
2.20
Lacing Wire and Stiffener - shall be made of wire having the same
coating material as the double-twisted wire mesh
conforming to Specification requirements of ASTM 641, A
856/A 856 M or A 809
Mattresses
Metallic
Coated
PVC
Coated
Metallic
Coated
PVC
Coated
Body Wire
3.05
2.70
2.20
2.20
3.80
3.40
2.70
2.70
2.20
2.20
2.70
2.20
Mattresses
Body Wire
485
515
485
485
515
515
220
230
240
260
270
Rockfill
Rock used in the gabions and mattresses shall consist of hard, durable
rock pieces that will not deteriorate when submerge to water or exposed
to severe weather conditions.
UNITS
SAMPLING
OF
GUIDELINES
OF
IN
MATERIALS
THE
SAMPLES
AND
SUBMISSION
Sampling of Materials
Is the process of selecting a part (sample), which will be used to judge
the whole (lot). Sampling of construction materials should be done on the
delivered materials at the project site and not in the place where it was
purchase.
Sampling of materials shall be in accordance with the Standard Sampling
Procedures to obtained a true representative of a lot and based on the
minimum testing requirements as prescribe for the item of works.
e. Shear test
b. Permeability
f. Hydrometer analysis
c. Consolidation
g. Specific gravity
d. Tri - axial
2. Disturbed Soils
-
are those obtained from the field thru manual sampling on the point of
sources and or at stockpiles for investigation purposes and construction
materials for use in the road and other structures.
Tests on Disturbed Soils
a. Wash and Grading Tests
b. Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit Tests
c. Moisture Density Relation Test
d. Abrasion and Field density Tests
e. California Bearing Ratio ( CBR ) Test
Avoid sampling coarse aggregate or mixed coarse and fine aggregate from
the stockpiles or transportation units whenever possible, particularly when
the sampling is done for the purpose of determining aggregate properties
that may be dependent upon the grading of the sample
- Take all the increments from the roadway for the full depth of the material,
taking care to exclude the underlying material.
Storage of Cement
All cement shall be stored, immediately upon delivery at the Site, in
weather proof building which will protect the cement from dampness.
The floor shall be raised from the ground.
Rust, surface seams, surface irregularities or mill scale will not be cause for
rejection, provided the minimum dimensions, cross sectional area and tensile
properties of a hand wire brushed specimen meets the physical requirements
For the size and grade of steel specified.
MINIMUM TESTING
REQUIREMENTS
1. Cement
2. Asphaltic Matls.
3. Asphalt Mix
4. Aggregates
a. Coarse Agg.
b. Fine Agg.
5. Soil Agg.
a. Classification
b. Routinary tests
c. Moisture Density
Relation & CBR
6. Non-Reinforced
Concrete Pipe
MINIMUM QTY./VOL.
OF MATLS. FOR EACH
SAMPLE SUBMITTED
10 kg
5 L
20 kg
70 kg
50 kg
20 kg
50 kg
50 kg
2 Pipes min./0.5% of no. of Pipes
2 pipes
MATERIALS
MINIMUM TESTING
REQUIREMENTS
1 Sample per 50 pipes or
2% of no. of pipes
MINIMUM QTY./VOL.
OF MATLS. FOR EACH
SAMPLE SUBMITTED
1 pipe (1 m length)
1 meter
1 sheet
2 pcs. of 100 mm
long taken from
both ends w/o
thread
6 units
3 units
3 units
2 meters
13. Gabions
1 m x 2m
14. Paints
1 ( 4L can)
1 ( 20L can)
MATERIALS
MINIMUM TESTING
REQUIREMENTS
MINIMUM QTY./VOL.
OF MATLS. FOR EACH
SAMPLE SUBMITTED
1 ( 400 mm x 400 mm )
1 liter
1 Set of 3 cylinders
for every 75 cu.m. or day of pouring
1 set of 3 cylinders
( 6 x 12 )
1 set of 3 beams
( 6 x 21 )
5 cores/km/lane
1 core/100m/ lane
500 ml
500 ml
Reduced Section
(as prescribed)
MINIMUM
ON
TESTING
DPWH
REQUIREMENTS
ITEMS
WORKS
At least one group of three in-situ density tests for each 500 m 2 or
fraction thereof
Tests :
Same as in Item No. 200
Tests:
Same as for Item 201 except:
1 F, Fractured Face
C. Mix
Tests: For every 75 m3 / 130 T or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
1 Ext., Extraction
1 Sty., Stability
1 C, Laboratory Compaction
D. Hydrated Lime
Tests: For every 100 t or fraction thereof:
1 Q, Quality Test
E. Mineral Filler
Tests: For every 75 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G & P, Grading and Plasticity Tests
( LL, PL, PI )
F. Compacted Pavement
Teats: For each full days operation:
D & T ( Density and Thickness Tests )- at least
one (1) but not more than three (3) samples shall
be taken.
I. Completed Pavement
Tests:
Thickness determination by concrete core drilling on
a lot basis
Five (5) holes per km per lane or five (5) holes per
500 m when two (2) lanes are poured concurrently.
For Angular
C. Coarse Aggregate
Quantity:
For Rounded CA
For Angular CA
Class A -----0.77
D. Water
Tests:
1 Certification from Project Engineer
1 Q, Quality Test, if source is questionable
E. Premolded Filler for expansion joints
Tests:
1 Q, Quality Test on each thickness of filler for each
shipment
F. Steel Reinforcement
Tests :
1 Q, Quality Test for every 10,000 kgs. or fraction
thereof:
G. Concrete
Tests :
Compressive strength test on concrete cylinder samples.
One (1) set consisting of three (3) concrete cylinder
samples and to represent not more than 75 m3 of concrete
Or fraction thereof.
B. Fine Aggregates
Quantity : 0.17 m3/m3
Tests: For every 75 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
C. Stone
Tests: Inspection Report
D. Water
Tests: 1 Certificate from Project Engineer or
1 Q, Quality Test, if source is questionable
REQUIREMENTS
DESCRIPTION
UNIT
QUANTITY
NO. OF TESTS(Min.)
103 (1)
Structure Excavation
cu.m.
41
None
103 (6)
cu.m.
85
None
104 (1)
cu.m.
659
GPC 1, D-7
1O4 (2)
cu.m.
1657
GPC 2, D-17
105 (1)
Subgrade Preparation
sq.m.
21,808
GPC 3, D-44
200 (1)
cu.m.
4811
GP-16,C-4,D-64,
Q-4, CBR-2
cu.m.
7474
GP-25, C-5,Q-5,
D-100, CBR-3
201
Item 311
sq. m.
34,181
a. Cement
bags
61,526
b. Fine Aggregate
cu. m.
3,419
Q 3, G - 46
c. Course Aggregate
cu. m.
5,264
Q 4, G - 71
kg.
3,000
Q-1
e. Concrete
FS 92 sets of CB
Q - 31
pcs.
5 - cores
45
Q-1
Alternative: In case no available Pipe Tester: 2 sets of concrete cylinder and 2 Inspection Report on Casting
Item 505
Grouted Riprap
a. Cement
b. Fine Aggregates
c. Stone
cu. m.
bags
cu.m
2,500
3,450
Q-2
G- 46, Q- 3
Inspection Rep.
Computation:
Item 103 ( 1 & 6 )
Structure Excavation
Qty: 1657 m3
Subgrade Preparation
Qty: 21,808 m2
Item 200
Aggregate Subbase
G,P = 16
Q, C = 4
CBR = 2
D = 64
Item 201
G,P = 25
Q,C = 5
CBR = 3
D = 100
Fine Aggregates
3,419 cu.m.
RSB, 16 mm dia.
3,000 kgs.
Concrete
34,181 sq.m.
ITEM 500
PIPE CULVERT
ITEM 505
GROUTED RIPRAP
Cement :
Fine Agg.
Stone
2,500 bags
3,450 cu.m.
Mechanical Splitter
METHOD B - QUARTERING
Apparatus:
1. Straightedge
scoop,
2. Shovel or trowel
3. Broom or brush
Straightedge
scoop & broom
brush
Shovel
Flattening
Dividing
Quartered Sample
Quartered Sample
Original Dry
- Dry Weight
Wt./ Mass
after Washing
____________________________
Original Dry Weight / Mass
X 100
Where:
Wa = wt. of crumbled soil thread
Wa
Wb
____________ X 100
Wb = wt. of oven-dried crumbled
Wb
soil thread
Soil Material
Size of Mold
102 mm ( 4 in. )
Volume of Mold
0.000943 m3
0.002125 m3
Rammer
Height of Drop
305 mm ( 12 in. )
457 mm ( 18 in. )
152 mm ( 6 in. )
3 layers
5 layers
25 blows
56 blows
2. Lubrication Stage
- the addition of water replaces some of the entrapped air,
the soil flows more readily under the lubricating effect
of the added water and the soil particles move closer
together, a resulting increase in density. This effect is
continued until the optimum water content is reached, at
which point of maximum density is attained.
- At optimum moisture content the lubricating limit is
reached and at this point, the pressure of the compacting
equipment has overcome the resistance offered by the
cohesive water film and the friction between particles.
3. Swelling
- After the lubrication limit is passed, addition of water
results in increased film thickness and dispersion of
particles. This is the swelling stage, since further
lubrication is not possible the soil grains are forced
apart by the water added , thus the density is reduced.
4. Saturation
- all free air is expelled and replaced by water if further
pressure is applied to the soil mass, tendency is reduced
the volume. This is however is impossible in a saturated
system since the free air has been replaced.
CALCULATION :
Wet Unit Weight, kg. / m3 =
Degree of Compaction, % :
SIze
Passing
Retained
37.5 mm
25 mm
1250 + 25
25
19 mm
1250 + 25
mm
12.5 mm
1250 + 10 2500 + 10
12.5 mm
9.5 mm
1250 + 10 2500 + 10
9.5 mm
6.3 mm
2500 + 10
6.3 mm
4.75 mm
2500 + 10
4.75 mm
2.36 mm
5000 +10
11
19
mm
Number of Spheres
Weight of Charge, g
12
ABRASION TEST
CALCULATION :
Calculate the compressive strength of each specimen by dividing the
maximum load it carried during the test by the cross-sectional area.
Average the strengths of the three specimens from each batch.
Calculate three strength ratios by dividing the average strength for a
batch containing unwashed aggregates by the average strength for
the corresponding batch containing washed aggregate.
REPORT :
Report the average of the three ratios, expressed as a percentage,
as the relative strength for the aggregate under test.
Retained on Sieve
4.75
2.36
1.18
0.600
0.300
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
Retained on Sieve
37.5
19.0
1.18
4.75
mm
mm
mm
mm
M O D U L E
II
Slump Mold
Slump
III.
SIGNIFICANCE :
This method provides standard requirements for making, curing, protecting
and transporting concrete test specimens under field conditions.
Standard Size of Molds for Concrete Specimens :
Cylinder Molds : Right Circular Cylinder in shape having 152 mm ( 6 in. )
in diameter and 305 mm ( 12 in. ) in height
Beam Molds
3 equal
Beam
2 equal
No. of Strokes/Layer
25
Diameter of Rod
16 mm ( 5/8 in. )
CALCULATION :
Calculate the Compressive Strength of the specimen by dividing the
maximum load carried by the specimen during the test by the average
cross-sectional area and express the result to the nearest 69 kPa (10 psi ).
Compression Machine
3.
4.
Calculation
1. Calculate the absorption by the following formulas:
Absorption, kg / m3 =
Absorption, % =
x 100
CALCULATION :
The load in kilo-newtons per linear meter required to produced
the 0.3 mm crack shall be calculated by dividing the total load on
the specimen at the time the indicated crack occurs by the laying
length of the pipe.
The crushing strength , or ultimate load in kilo-newtons per linear
meter shall be calculated by dividing the maximum load applied to the
specimen by the laying length.
Soluble, %
Where :
A
____________
x 100
B
A
100 ( __ ) x 100
B
: 100 grams
Time
: 5 seconds
TD % = ( TD / 200 ) X 100
CALCULATION :
A
__________
B - C
Where :
A = mass in grams of sample in air
B = mass in grams of surface dry specimen in air
C = mass in grams in water
STEEL
Le Chatelier Flask
II.
Analytical Balance
VICAT APPARATUS
b.
The final setting time needle shall have a weight of 453.6 + 0.5_ g
and a tip diameter of 1.06 + 0.05 mm
Initial Setting Time, min. = the difference in minutes between the time of
contact of cement and mixing water and the
time the cement paste acquires its initial set.
Final Setting Time, min. = the difference in minutes between the time of
contact of cement and mixing water and the
time the cement paste acquires its final set.
GILLMORE APPARATUS
Autoclave Apparatus
500
1375
740
2035
( The flow is the resulting increase in average diameter of the base of the
mortar mass, measured on at least four diameters, expressed as
percentage of the original diameter.
CALCULATION :
Record the maximum load indicated by the testing machine and calculate
the compressive strength in kPa by dividing the cross-sectional area of the
specimen.
The compressive strength of all acceptable test specimens made from
the same sample and tested at the same period shall be averaged and
reported to the nearest 70 kPa ( 10 psi )
TESTS ON PAINTS
Retests
If any tensile property of any tension test specimen is less than
that specified, and any part of the fracture is outside the middle
third of the gage length, as indicated by scribe scratches marked
on the specimen after testing, a retest shall be allowed.
Figure 1
Standard Specimen
Plate Type
Sheet Type
mm
G
W
T
mm
200 + 0.25
40 + 3
50 + 0.10
12.5 + 0.25
Thickness of Material
13
13
450
200
225
60
75
50
50
20
CALCULATION :
M1 - M2 ) G K
C = (______________
M2
PAINTS
TESTS ON PAINTS
Paints is a mixture of a finely divided insoluble solid called the pigment
and a liquid portion called vehicle which dries upon exposure to air or
heat and forms a tough coating when spread in thin layer.
CLASSIFICATION OF PAINTS
1. Latex Paint - intended for use on concrete or other masonry surfaces loss
Gloss/Semi-Gloss Latex - paints that are made from emulsions of
polymer in water as binder with suitable pigment which has
sheen, shine or luster.
Flat Latex Paint - a paint made from emulsions of polymer in water
as binder with suitable pigment which is substantially free
from gloss ( lusterless finish ).
2. Enamel Paint - intended for use on wood surfaces, a special type of
paint made with varnish as the vehicle.
Gloss/Semi-Gloss Enamel - for interior use, a paint made from alkyd
resin as binder with suitable pigment which has sheen,
shine or luster.
Flat Wall Paint - intended for interior use, a paint made from alkyd
resin as binder with suitable pigment which is
substantially free from gloss.
3. Red Lead Oxide Paint - is metal primers, for exterior and interior use.
Use as a prime or shop coat of for maintenance coats
which are place on bridges, similar structural steel and
other ferrous metal surfaces.
Read Lead - a bright orange red tetroxide used as primary
constituents of anti-corrosive primers for iron and steel.
Red Oxide - a pigment mainly of ferric oxide
4. Aluminum Paint - a paint primarily intended for use on steel structures.
5. Reflectorized Traffic Paint
- For zone marking, traffic lanes and parking spaces. It should be
rapid drying, resistant to abrasion & weather conditions and
should possess improve visibility at night.
- Pavement marking materials that can be applied uniformly by
means of a standard application and when properly applied will
provide a retro-directive reflective marking for concrete & asphalt
highway surfaces.
TESTS ON PAINTS
FOR LATEX, ENAMEL, RED LEAD, RED OXIDE AND ALUMINUM PAINTS
I. Physical Tests:
1. Density/Specific Gravity ( ASTM D 1475 )
2. Drying Time ( ASTM D 1640 )
3. Total Solids ( Non Volatile Matter ) - ( ASTM 1644/ ISO 1515 )
4. Extraction of Pigment
( ASTM D 2371 )
Concrete Pavement
Diameter of core, mm
100 mm ( 4 in. )
100 mm ( 4 in. )
Asphalt Pavement
Strength Determination
Diameter of core
Density of Compacted
Pavement
No. of measurement for
determining the average
thickness of core
one-core per
100 lm / lane
four ( 4 )
Concrete Pavement
three-cores representing area
of concrete with strength
deficiency in control specimens
150 mm ( 6 in. )
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nine (9)
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Date
REQUIREMENTS
RESULTS
Tensile Properties:
Yield Point, Mpa
276 Min.
Tensile Strength, Mpa
483 Min.
Elongation, %
12 Min.
Bending Properties:
No cracking on outside
Degree bent, 180 degrees
bent portion
Actual Unit mass, kg/m
Variation in mass, %
6.0 Max. under nominal mass
Deformation, mm
Spacing, average
8.9 Max.
Height, average
0.51 Min.
Gap
4.9 Max
Phosphorous Content, %
0.06 Max.
REMARKS : * Sample fails to meet variation in mass requirement.
Te s te d by
:
Che cke d by:
T. Urmaza
S. Orate
J. Tagalo
J. B e rgonio
C. de la Cruz
Witnessed by:
B ASILIA S. VILLANUEVA
Engine e r IV
345
483
12
Satisfactory
0.868
13.0 under nominal mass *
7.9
0.60
4.0
0.01
CLARITA C. FLORES
Engine e r V
ATTESTED :
Project
Kind of material
Sample identification
Quantity represented
Sampled at
Original source
Supplied by
Proposed use
Spec's Item No.
Sampled by
Submitted by
Lab. No. :
6-84-06
27 June 2006
Date
Const. Of 2 Storey RGR Type Sch. Bldg. At Dona Ma. Platon Laurel, Aya, Talisay, Bats.
: Const. Of Circumferential Road Around Lake Taal, Agoncillo, Bats.
Completion of Aya-Tranca-Talisay Road, Talisay, Bats.
: Reinforcing Steel Bar ( 16 mm dia., deformed )
: DMP- 5
: 10,000 kgs.
: Stockpile at jobsite
: Top Steel
: Revere Construction & Supply
: for concrete reinforcement
: PNS 49 Grade 275 NW
: F. Opena,Lab. Tech. II
DPWH-Bats. 3rd DEO
06-08-06
(Name & designation)
(Office)
(Date)
: Ma. B. M. Marquez
- do 6-14-06
(Name & designation)
(Office)
(Date Received)
REQUIREM ENTS
RESULTS
275 Min.
480 Min,
10 Min.
No cracking on outside
bent portion
6 Max. under nominal mass
277
410 *
27
Satisfactory
1.508
4.0 under nominal mass
11.1 Max.
0.7 - 1.4
12.6
Max
0.06 Max.
10.5
1.15
12.2
0.01
Tensile Properties:
Yield Point, Mpa
Tensile Strength, Mpa
Elongation, %
Bending Properties:
Degree bent, 180 degrees
Actual Unit mass, kg/m
Variation in mass, %
Deformation, mm
Spacing, average
Height, average
Gap
Phosphorous Content, %
REM ARKS : Sample fails to meet specification
Te s te d by
CLARITA C. FLORES
Engine e r V
ATTESTED :
Witnessed by:
B ASILIA S. VILLANUEVA
Engine e r IV
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Construction of 2 Storey RGR Type Sch. Bldg. At Dona Ma. Platon Laurel, Aya, Talisay, Bats.
Concrete Hollow Blocks (Non Load Bearing) 4" thick
10,000 pcs.
Stockpile at jobsite
Allied
REVERE Construction & Supply
for walling
ASTM C-129 ( Non- Load Bearing )
N. Magnaye
Revere Cons't. & Supply
06-08-06
F. Opena,Lab. Tech. II
DPWH-Bats. 3rd DEO
06-08-06
(Name & designation)
(Office)
(Date)
: Ma. B. M. Marquez
- do 6-16-06
(Name & designation)
(Office)
(Date received)
Lab. No.
: 1720- 06 ( Paid under OR No. 2595342 )
SAMPLE I.D.
TESTS
DMP-9
REM ARKS :
Dimension Measurement, mm
Width
1
2
3
Length
1
2
3
Height
1
2
3
Compressive Strength, MN/m 2
Individual Unit
1
2
3
Average of three(3) units
Water Absorption,kg/m 3 (Avg. of 3 units)
Moisture Content, %(Avg .of 3 units)
REQUIREMENTS
RESULTS
96
96
98
400
408
410
195
190
195
3.45 Min.
3.45 Min.
3.45 Min.
1.89
1.98
1.88
4.14 Min.
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1.92
128
19
Te s te d by :
T. Urmaza
A. Emperador
J. Tagalo
J. Bergonio
CLARITA C. FLORES
Engine e r V
ATTESTED:
Witne s s e d by :
B ASILIA S. VILLANUEVA
Engineer IV
8-29-06
04 August 2006
Date
Checked by:
P. Malonzo
B.A. Minano
E. Cruz
E. Flores
M. S. Gianan
CLARITA C. FLORES
Engineer V
ATTESTED :
Witnessed by:
EUGENIO P. ELERIA
Engineer IV
8-30-06
04 Augus t 2006
Date
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Lab. No.
: 1742-06 (Paid under OR # 2595386)
TESTS
REQUIREMENTS
M agne s ium Oxide (M gO), %
6.0 Max.
Sulfur Trioxide (SO 3), %
3.0 Max.
Los s on Ignition, %
3.0 Max.
Ins oluble Re s idue , %
0.75 Max.
Air Conte nt of Mortar, %
12.0 Max.
Fine ne s s : Amount Pas s ing
No. 0.075 mm Sie ve , %
Autoclave Expans ion, %
0.8 Max.
Time of Se tting : Gilmore Te s t
Initial s e t, min.
60 Min.
Final s e t, min.
600 Max.
Compre s s ive Stre ngth, Avg. mortar
cube s , Mpa:
3 days
12.0 Min.
7 days
19.0 Min.
28 days
28.0 Min.
Spe cific Gravity
REM ARKS:
Sample meets Specification
Te s te d by:
RESULTS
1.52
2.06
2.80
0.70
98
0.04
120
213
21.7
27.7
3.11
CLARITA C. FLORES
Engine e r V
ATTESTED :
Witne s s e d by:
EUGENIO P. ELERIA
Engine e r IV
8-77-06
14 Augus t 2006
Date
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Lab. No.
: 1976-06 (Paid under OR # 2596013)
TESTS
REQUIREMENTS
RESULTS
Magne s ium Oxide (MgO), %
6.0 Max.
1.66
Sulfur Trioxide (SO 3), %
3.0 Max.
2.37
Los s on Ignition, %
3.0 Max.
3.50*
Ins oluble Re s idue , %
0.75 Max.
0.90*
Air Conte nt of Mortar, %
12.0 Max.
Fine ne s s : Amount Pas s ing
No. 0.075 mm Sie ve , %
98
Autoclave Expans ion, %
0.8 Max.
0.03
Time of Se tting : Gilmore Te s t
Initial s e t, min.
60 Min.
134
Final s e t, min.
600 Max.
254
Compre s s ive Stre ngth, Avg. mortar
cube s , Mpa:
3 days
12.0 Min.
20.5
7 days
19.0 Min.
21.7
28 days
28.0 Min.
Spe cific Gravity
3.12
Strength of mortar samples tested at 3 days and 7 days can be considered for acceptance,
provided that the strength of sample at 7 days is not less than 23.46 MPA w/c is 85%
of the compressive strength requirement for 28 days (27.6 MPA) D.O. No.57
REMARKS:
* Sample fails to meet Loss on Ignition & Insoluble residue requirement.