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Mineral optik
2 SKS teori
by:
hill. gendoet hartono
Selasa, jam 09.50 10.40
jam 10.40 11.35
The
Petrological Microscope
Pustaka
Hatch, F.H; Wells, A.K., & Wells, M.K., 1972, Petrology of the
A petrological
microscope
eyepiece
focus
analyser
lens
rotating
stage
polariser
light
source
fine
focus
olivine
muscovite
biotite
amphibole
pyroxene
feldspar
quartz
The colours appear in a series of repeated rainbows across the chart and a
mineral may show any colour up to a maximum, reading from the left.
calcite
(natural colour)
transparency
relief
(high or low)
Unpolarized light
JaneSelverstone,UniversityofNewMexico,2003
east (right)
south
(front)
Black!! (extinct)
JaneSelverstone,UniversityofNewMexico,2003
RELIEF
plagioclase
PPL
olivine
Note how the olivine with its high relief stands out from
the surrounding low relief plagioclase
olivine
olivine:
plag:
epoxy:
n
n
n
=
=
=
1.64-1.88
1.53-1.57
1.54
JaneSelverstone,UniversityofNewMexico,2003
Lo relief (+)
nxtl = nepoxy
Hi relief (-)
JaneSelverstone,UniversityofNewMexico,2003
CLEAVAGE
amphibole
PPL
2nd set of
cleavage
Two sets of cleavage are seen in this amphibole crystal; note the
120o angle between the cleavages
FRACTURE
olivine
PPL
amphibole
COLOUR
biotite
PPL
biotite
PPL
rotated 90o
PLEOCHROISM
Two views under PPL showing colour change in biotite on
rotating the stage.
interference colours
(under XPL the colours seen are not the natural colours of the mineral but
those caused by the interference of two refracted beams of light passing
through an anisotropic mineral ; they are called interference colours)
extinction angle
(as the stage is rotated, each anisotropic mineral goes extinct every 90 o; in
cases where there is cleavage in the mineral it is possible to measure the
angle of extinction relative to the crosswires)
twinning
(may be seen in coloured minerals under PPL, but most obvious under XPL,
especially with regard to the feldspars)
north
south
Unpolarized light
east (right)
JaneSelverstone,UniversityofNewMexico,2003
plag
olivine
PPL
XPL
Minerals act as
magicians!!
But, note that some minerals are better magicians than others
(i.e., some grains stay dark and thus cant be reorienting light)
Interference colours
quartz
amphibole
calcite
white/grey/black
in
of
of
ferro-magnesian minerals
including amphibole,
pyroxene, olivine
calcite
polarizer
Isotropic: glass or isometric
minerals or look down optic
axis of anisotropic minerals
polarizer