Presentation By :Dhruv Gupta

BBA +EM

Anthropogenic
Disasters
O A Anthropogenic disasteris the

effect of aMan Made hazard

O It effect on the environment and also
causes losses that are financial &
Humans life.

Anthropogenic
Anthropogenic
Disasters
Disasters
Sociological
Hazards

Technological
Hazards

Hazardous
Materials

Structural Collapse

Buildings, like all structures, are designed to support certain

loads without deforming excessively. The loads are the weights of
people and objects, the weight of rain and snow and the pressure
of wind--calledlive loads--and thedead load of the building itself.
With buildings of a few floors, strength generally accompanies
sufficient rigidity, and the design is mainly that of a roof that will
keep the weather out while spanning large open spaces. With tall
buildings of many floors, the roof is a minor matter, and the
support of the weight of the building itself is the main
consideration. Like long bridges, tall buildings are subject to
catastrophic collapse.

Causes of Building
Collapse
O Bad Design
O Faulty Construction
O Foundation Failure
O Extraordinary Loads
O Unexpected Failure Modes
O Combination of Causes

Bad Design
O Bad design does not mean only

errors of computation, improper

choice of materials or
misunderstanding of their properties.
The engineer is responsible for these
failures, which are created at the
drawing board

Faulty Construction
O Faulty construction has been the most

important cause of structural failure.

The engineer is also at fault here, if
inspection has been lax. This includes
the use of salty sand to make concrete,
even improper tightening torque of
nuts, excessive use of the drift pin to
make holes line up, bad welds, and
other practices well known to the
construction worker.

Foundation Failure
O Even an excellently designed and

constructed structure will not stand

on a bad foundation. Although the
structure will carry its loads, The
Leaning Tower of Pisa is a famous
example of bad foundations, but
there are many others.

Extraordinary Loads
O Extraordinary loads are often

natural, such as repeated heavy

snowfalls, or the shaking of an
earthquake, or the winds of a
hurricane. Earthquakes may cause
foundation problems when moist
filled land liquefies.

Unexpected Failure Modes

O Unexpected failure modes are the most complex of

the reasons for collapse, and we have recently had

a good example. Any new type of structure is
subject to unexpected failure, until its properties
are well understood. Suspension bridges seemed
the answer to bridging large gaps. Everything was
supported by a strong cable in tension, a reliable
and understood member. However, sad experience
showed that the bridge deck was capable of
galloping and twisting without restraint from the
supporting cables. Ellet's bridge at Wheeling
collapsed in the 1840's, and the Tacoma Narrows
bridge in the 1940's, from this cause.

Combination of Causes
O The conservative, strong statically-determinate trusses

were designed with pin-connected eyebars to be as

strong and safe as possible. Sad experience brought the
realization of stress concentration at the holes pierced in
the eye bars. From earliest times, it has been recognized
that tension members have no surprises. They fail by
pulling apart when the tension in them becomes too
high. If you know the tension, then proportioning a
member is easy. A compression member, a column, is
different. If it is short and squat, it bears its load until it
crushes. But if you try to support a load with a 12-foot
column that will just support the load with a 1-foot
column, you are in for a surprise. The column bends
outward, or buckles, and the load crashes to earth.

Precautions
O Non-perishable food to last you several days
O Drinking water to last you several days.
O Some blankets etc. to keep you warm, in

case houses are damaged.

O A supply of your medicines for several days.
O Make your important documents proper
listed like contacts, Legal Papers etc.
O Flashlight which operates on batteries
+spare batteries

Last 3 Major Structural

Collapse
Over The
World

O In September

11, 2001
O People died
O

World Trade Center,

America

TOTAL COUNT 2,976

minus Foreigners - 236
AMERICANS 2,740

O In 19th Aug 2011

O Dozens more people were

hurt, several seriously.

O Belgian Prime Minister
Yves Leterme has sent his
condolences to the
families of the victims.
O She said all the dead
were Belgians, adding
that 140 people were
injured in the storm, 10 of
them seriously.

Europe,
Belgian

O In November 12, 1999

O The death toll from the

collapse of an Italian
apartment block in southern
Italy has risen to 34.The
search for survivors has
continued since the building
collapsed before dawn on
Thursday - but hopes are
fading of finding anyone
alive.
O Some 75 people are thought
to have been in the six-storey
block when it collapsed.

Italy , Rome

Last 3 Structural
Collapse
Over The India

O In 15 November 2010Almost a

year after a building collapsed in

Lalita Park and killed 70 people,
the Municipal Corporation of
Delhi now probes another
building collapse, this time in
the congested Chandni Mahal
area of Old Delhi.

Lalita Park ,
Delhi

O In Jan 5 1995 A labourer

was killed and eight

others seriously injured
today when a portion of
an under-construction
building of an
educational institution
collapsed in Orissa's
Keonjhar district

Orissa,
Keonjhar,

O In September 19, 2001

O The collapse of a seven-story

residential building Wednesday

evening killed at least 26 people
and injured 11 others in the Indian
city of Mumbai, hospital officials
said.
O Officials said up to 25 people are
feared trapped beneath the
remnants of the building, although
rescue workers did pull a survivor
from the debris on Thursday.

Mumbai ,
Maharashtra

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