Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
04/18/08 1
04/18/08 2
04/18/08 3
Over view:
Dfns
Cold chain and failure of the vaccine programme
Introduction
Types of immunity
Types of vaccines
Moa
Importance of immunization
Childhood immunisable ds in Ug
Immunization schedule
Other immedicable ds and routine drugs
Constraints to immunization
Adverse effects of vaccines
Cautions and C/Is
conclusion
04/18/08 4
Dfns:
04/18/08 5
Cold chain and failure of the vaccine programme :
04/18/08 6
Introduction:
04/18/08 7
Types of immunity:
04/18/08 8
Types of vaccines:
04/18/08 9
MOA:
04/18/08 10
Importance of vaccination:
04/18/08 11
04/18/08 12
Are these immunisable ds?
04/18/08 13
Childhood immunizable ds in Ug:
Tb caused by M. tuberculosis, vaccine is BCG
Poliomyelitis, crippling dse caused by polio virus, oral polio vaccine
given
Diphtheria, caused by corynebacteriae diphtheriae, vaccine is DPT
Tetanus, caused by clostridium tetani, vaccine is TT a combtn in
DPT
Hepatitis B ,caused by virus which affects liver, HepB vaccine is
given
Haemophilus influenza type B meningitis and pneumonia, Hib
vaccine is given
Measles, caused by measles virus, measles vaccine is given.
04/18/08 14
Childhood immunisable ds in Ug and vaccine summary:
BCG 0.05ml up 1 none Birth or 1st Intra dermal Rt upper +2-+8 Only use
to 11/12 contact after arm diluent
0.1ml birth provided.
after
11/12
DPT 0.5ml 3 4 weeks After 6wks or I.M Lt thigh +2-+8 Don’t freeze
1st contact upper outer
Hep+Hib after 6wks aspect
polio 2 drops 3 4 weeks Birth and oral mouth +2-+8 Use spare
6wks or 1st method
contact
measles 0.5ml 1 none 9/12 or 1st subcut Lt upper +2+8 Only use
contact after arm diluent
9/12 provided.
04/18/08 15
Immunization schedule:
Timing vaccine
birth BCG
Polio 0
6 weeks Polio 1
DPT,HepB+Hib 1
10 weeks Polio 2
DPT,HepB+Hib 2
14 weeks Polio 3
DPT,HepB+Hib 3
9/12 measles
04/18/08 16
Other immunisable ds and routine drugs:
04/18/08 17
Constraints to immunization:
Administrative challenges:
• Lack of storage facilities
• Inadequate transport facilities
• Lack of personnel to organise and manage programmes
• Inadequacies in supply of vaccines
• Insecurity affecting out reach programmes
Health care workers:
o Lack of proper communication and adequate information
o Staff shortage bse of too many other responsiblities
o Lack of knowledge
Community:
Poor community mobilization
Long distance to immunization centres
Ignorance and some negative societal beliefs about vaccines
04/18/08 18
Adverse effects of vaccines:
Signs of inflmn
Anaphylaxis
Fainting
Injection abscesses if sterility is neglected
Vaccine assoc ds (VAD)
Hypersensitivity rxtns
fever
04/18/08 19
Cautions and C/Is:
Cautions:
Never use vaccine after their expiry dates
Don’t use un labeled vaccines
BCG not given to children with AIDS
Open one vial at a time
Opened vaccines should be used within 6 hrs
Don’t use frozen vaccines
Maintain cold chain system
C/Is:
Previous anaphylaxis to vaccines
Vaccines cultured on egg to those who have had previous
anaphylaxis to egg cultured vaccines e.g influenza, yellow fever.
Live vaccines in pts who are immunosupressed or pregnant. p’ple
who had chemotherapy in last 6/12 and those taking high dose
steroids
Postpone immum if child has a febrile illness.
04/18/08 20
Conclusion:
04/18/08 21
04/18/08 22
04/18/08 23