Personal protective equipment

OSHA Office of Training and Education

PPE

OSHA Office of Training and Education

PPE Definition :
Personal protective equipment or wearings are
used in the industry / work place to protect
workers from any such hazard in short it is
known as PPE
PPEs are of two main categories.
1) Use and Throw PPEs
2) Use and Re-Use PPEs
OSHA Office of Training and Education

Personal Protective Equipment

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Responsibilities
Employer ( safety officer )
Assess workplace for hazards
Provide PPE
Determine when to use
Provide PPE training for employees and
instruction in proper use
Employee
Use PPE in accordance with training
received and other instructions
Inspect daily and maintain in a clean and
reliable condition
OSHA Office of Training and Education

Examples of PPE
Body Part

Protection

Eye

safety glasses, goggles

Face

face shields

Head

hard hats

Feet

safety shoes

Hands and arms gloves

Bodies

vests

Hearing

earplugs, earmuffs
OSHA Office of Training and Education

Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards

Employers( safety officer ) must protect

employees from hazards such as falling objects,
harmful substances, and noise exposures that
can cause injury
Employers ( safety officer ) must:
Use all feasible engineering and work practice
controls to eliminate and reduce hazards
Use personal protective equipment (PPE) if the
controls dont eliminate the hazards.
PPE is the last level of control!
OSHA Office of Training and Education

Work Practice Controls

If . . .
Employees can change the way they do their
jobs and the exposure to the potential hazard
is removed,

Then . . .
The hazard can be eliminated with a work
practice control
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Engineering Controls
If . . .
The work environment can be physically
changed to prevent employee exposure to the
potential hazard,

Then . . .
The hazard can be eliminated with an
engineering control
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Engineering Controls
Examples . . .

Initial design specifications

Substitute less harmful material
Change process
Enclose process
Isolate process

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Work Practice Controls -- Examples

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PPE Program
Includes procedures for selecting,
providing and using PPE
First -- assess the workplace to determine
if hazards are present, or are likely to be
present, which necessitate the use of PPE
After selecting PPE, provide training to
employees who are required to use it

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Training
If employees are required to use PPE, train them:

Why it is necessary
How it will protect them
What are its limitations
When and how to wear
How to identify signs of wear
How to clean and disinfect
What is its useful life & how is it disposed

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Head Protection

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Causes of Head Injuries

Falling objects such
as tools
Bumping head
against objects,
such as pipes or
beams
Contact with
exposed electrical
wiring or
components
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Elimination or Control of Hazards

Safe Work Practices
Grounded equipment/shock resistant
tools
Signs posted warning of hazards

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Types of Head PPE

Hard hats
A rigid shell that resists and deflects
blows to the head
A suspension system inside the hat
that acts as a shock absorber
Some hats serve as an insulator
against electrical shocks
Shields your scalp, face, neck, and
shoulders against splashes, spills,
and drips
Some hard hats can be modified so
you can add face shields, goggles,
hoods, or hearing protection to them
OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Selecting the Right Hard Hat

Class A
General service (building construction, shipbuilding,
lumbering)
Good impact protection but limited voltage protection
2200v
Class B
Electrical / Utility work
Protects against falling objects and high-voltage shock
20000v and burns
Class C
Designed for comfort, offers limited protection
Protects against bumps from fixed objects, but does
not protect against falling objects or electrical shock
OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 Modification of
Hard Hat
Drilled holes for
venting relief
Inserted pencil
holder on hat for
easy retrieval

Hard hat from

employee holding
ladder
Employee on
ladder dropped
screw driver
Screw driver
landed onOSHA
hard
hat
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of Training and Education

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Proper use and care of hard hat. Tell employees:

Always wear your hard hat while you are working
in areas where there are potential head hazards
Adjust the suspension inside your hard hat so that
the hat sits comfortably, but securely on your head
Inspect the shell of your hard hat for
cracks, gouges, and dents. Inspect the suspension
system for frayed or broken straps. If your
hard hat needs to be repaired, have it repaired
immediately or ask your employer for a new one
Place plastic (non-metal) reflective tape on hat if
working at night
Never paint, scratch or drill "air holes" in your
hard hat
Never carry personal belongings such
as cigarettes, lighters, or pens in your hard hat
OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Care and Maintenance of

Hard Hat.
Tell employees:
Clean your hard hat at
least once a month by
soaking it in a solution
of mild soap and hot
water for 5-10 minutes
Because sunlight and
heat can damage
the suspension of your
hat, always store your
hat in a clean, dry, and
cool location
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Eye Protection

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Eye and Face Protection

Why Eye and Face
Protection is
Important
Thousands of
people are blinded
each year from work
related eye injuries.
Injuries that could
have been
prevented, if only
people would have
used eye or face
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protection.

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Elimination or Control
of Hazards
Ventilation
Ventilation can
significantly reduce
the amount of
airborne particles that
could be hazardous to
your eyes

Lighting
Good lighting reduces
eye strain and glare

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Elimination or Control of
Hazards
Signs and Warnings
Obstructions and
protruding objects
should be identified and
marked

Eyewash Stations
Eyewash stations should
be located within 100 feet
of your work area. If you
accidentally get
something in your eyes,
go directly to the
eyewash station and
flush your eyes with
water for 15 minutes. Be
sure to hold your eyes
open with your fingers
and "look"
directly
into
OSHA
Office of
Training and Education
the water streams.

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When must Eye Protection be Provided?

When any of these hazards are present:
Dust and other flying particles, such as metal
shavings or sawdust
Corrosive gases, vapors, and liquids
Molten metal that may splash
Potentially infectious materials such as blood
or hazardous liquid chemicals that may splash
Intense light from welding and lasers

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Eye Protection
Criteria for Selection

Protects against specific hazard(s)

Comfortable to wear
Does not restrict vision or movement
Durable and easy to clean and disinfect
Does not interfere with the function of
other required PPE

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Eye Protection for Employees

Who Wear Eyeglasses
Ordinary glasses do not provide the required protection
Proper choices include:
Prescription glasses with side shields and protective
lenses
Goggles that fit comfortably over corrective glasses
without disturbing the glasses
Goggles that incorporate corrective lenses mounted
behind protective lenses

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Regular glasses or
sunglasses are not
appropriate
SAFETY GLASSES
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Safety Glasses
Made with metal/plastic safety frames
Most operations require side shields
Used for moderate impact from particles produced
by jobs such as carpentry, woodworking, grinding,
and scaling

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Goggles
Protects eyes and area around the eyes
from impact, dust, and splashes
Some goggles fit over corrective lenses

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Laser Safety Goggles

Protects eyes from intense concentrations
of light produced by lasers

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Care of Eye Protection Equipment

Tell employees:
Clean your eye protection equipment. You
can usually use mild soap and water
Never use abrasive soaps, rough paper, or cloth
towels

Keep PPE in good working condition

If damaged, replace as soon as possible

Store your eye protection equipment in

a sanitary, cool, dry area away from moisture
Read the manufacturer's directions and
warnings before using any eye protection
equipment
If you have any questions concerning your
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eye protection equipment, talk with your
supervisor or safety manager

Face Shields

Full face protection

Protects face from dusts and splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids
Does not protect from impact hazards
Wear safety glasses or goggles underneath

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 Face shield used

by an employee
working with
molten metal
The molten metal
bubbled and burst
onto the face
shield of the
employee
The employee did
not receive any
injuries from the
incident
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OSHA Office of Training and Education

Welding Shields
Protects eyes against burns from radiant light
Protects face and eyes from flying sparks,
metal spatter, & slag chips produced during
welding, brazing, soldering, and cutting

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Hearing Protection

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Hearing Protection
If its not feasible to
reduce the noise or
its duration use ear
protective devices
Ear protective devices
must be fitted

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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When Must Hearing Protection

be Provided?
After implementing engineering and
work practice controls
When an employees noise exposure
exceeds an 8-hour time-weighted
average (TWA) sound level of 90 dBA

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Examples of Hearing Protectors

Earmuffs

Earplugs

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Canal Caps

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Foot Protection

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When Must Foot Protection be

Provided?
When any of these are present:
Heavy objects such as barrels or tools that
might roll onto or fall on employees feet
Sharp objects such as nails or spikes that
might pierce ordinary shoes
Molten metal that might splash on feet
Hot or wet surfaces
Slippery surfaces

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Safety Shoes
Impact-resistant toes and heatresistant soles protect against
hot surfaces common in roofing
and paving
Some have metal insoles to
protect against puncture
wounds
May be electrically conductive
for use in explosive
atmospheres, or nonconductive
to protect from workplace
electrical hazards

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Foot Protection
Types of Foot PPE
Safety Shoes and Boots
Steel toe footwear
protects your toes from falling
objects and from being crushed

Metatarsal footwear
special guards that run from your
ankle to your toes and protect your
entire foot

Reinforced sole footwear

metal reinforcement that protects
your foot from punctures

Latex/Rubber footwear
resists chemicals and provides extra
traction on slippery surfaces
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Type of Foot PPE

Safety Shoes and Boots
PVC footwear
protects your feet against
moisture and improves traction

Butyl footwear
protects against most ketones,
aldehydes, alcohols, acids, salts,
and alkalies

Vinyl footwear
resists solvents, acids, alkalies,
salts, water, grease, and blood

Nitrile footwear
resists animal fats, oils, and
chemicals
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Types of Foot PPE

Safety Shoes and Boots
Electrostatic dissipating
footwear
conducts static electricity to
floors that are grounded

Electrical hazard footwear

insulated with tough rubber to
prevent shocks and burns from
electricity

Disposable footwear
includes shower slippers, clear
polyethylene and non-woven
booties used in dust free work
areas
OSHA Office of Training and Education

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 Employee ran over

foot with lawn
mower
Notice the damage
to the shoe
The steel toe insert
is lying in the grass
next to perfectly
fine toes

This employee
received no
injuries during this
incident

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Hand Protection

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When Must Hand Protection be

Provided?
When any of these are present:

Burns
Bruises
Abrasions
Cuts
Punctures
Fractures
Amputations
Chemical Exposures
OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Elimination or
Control of
Hazards
Engineering Controls
Machine guards

Procedures
Lock out/Tag out

Housekeeping and
Hygiene
Poorly maintained
machinery, tools,
sloppy work areas, and
cluttered aisles all
contribute to hand
injuries

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 Never wear gloves around powered

rotating equipment - drills, lathes, etc

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What Kinds of Protective

Gloves are Available?
Durable gloves made of metal mesh, leather, or
canvas
Protects from cuts, burns, heat
Fabric and coated fabric gloves
Protects from dirt and abrasion
Chemical and liquid resistant gloves
Protects from burns, irritation, and dermatitis
Rubber gloves
Protects from cuts, lacerations, and abrasions
OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Types of Rubber Gloves

Nitrile protects against
solvents, harsh
chemicals, fats and
petroleum products and
also provides excellent
resistance to cuts and
abrasions.
Butyl provides the
highest permeation
resistance to gas or
water vapors
OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Other Types of Gloves

Kevlar protects against
cuts, slashes, and
abrasion

Stainless steel mesh

protects against cuts
and lacerations

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Types of Hand PPE

Gloves
Metal mesh gloves
resist sharp edges and prevent
cuts

Leather gloves
shield your hands from rough
surfaces

Vinyl and neoprene gloves

protect your hands against toxic
chemicals

Rubber gloves
protect you when working around
electricity
OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Types of Hand PPE

Gloves
Padded cloth gloves
protect your hands from sharp
edges, slivers, dirt, and vibration

Heat resistant gloves

protect your hands from heat and
flames

Latex disposable gloves

used to protect your hands from
germs and bacteria

Lead-lined gloves
used to protect your hands from
radiation sources
OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Types of Hand PPE

Forearm Cuffs
used to protect
your forearm

Thumb Guards and Finger

Cots
protect only your thumb or
fingers

Mittens
protect your hands while
working around very cold or
hot materials

Hand Pads
Hand pads protect your
hands while working
around very hot materials

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Body Protection

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Major Causes of Body Injuries

Intense heat
Splashes of hot metals and other hot liquids
Impacts from tools, machinery, and materials
Cuts
Hazardous chemicals
Radiation

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Body Protection
Criteria for Selection
Provide protective clothing for parts of the
body exposed to possible injury
Types of body protection:
Vests
Aprons
Jackets
Coveralls
Full body suits
Coveralls
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Body Protection

Cooling Vest

Full Body Suit

Sleeves and Apron

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Summary
Employers must implement a PPE program where they:
Assess the workplace for hazards
Use engineering and work practice controls to
eliminate or reduce hazards before using PPE
Select appropriate PPE to protect employees from
hazards that cannot be eliminated
Inform employees why the PPE is necessary, how
and when it must be worn
Train employees how to use and care for their PPE,
including how to recognize deterioration and failure
Require employees to wear selected PPE

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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