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5.2.1.9.c
5.2.2.2
5.2.2.2
Keywords
Boiler, efficiency, blowdown, assessment, boiler
feedwater.
Description
Muhammad Qasim
Supporting Material
Muhammad Qasim
Objectives
1. Describe the theory, construction,
and applications of boilers
2. Describe the common type of
boilers
3. Explain how to assess the
performance and efficiency of a
boiler
4. Describe methods to improve
boiler efficiency
5.List energy efficiency opportunities
Muhammad Qasim
Objectives
Introduction Purpose?
Type of boilers
Boiler Assessment
Muhammad Qasim
Introduction
What is a Boiler?
Vessel that heats water to become
hot water or steam
At atmospheric pressure water
volume increases 1,600 times
Hot water or steam used to transfer
heat to a process
Muhammad Qasim
Introduction
STEAM TO
PROCESS
EXHAUST GAS
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
STACK
VENT
DEAERATOR
PUMPS
ECONOMIZER
VENT
BOILER
BLOW DOWN
SEPARATOR
BURNER
WATER
SOURCE
FUEL
BRINE
CHEMICAL FEED
SOFTENERS
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
Introduction
Type of boilers
Assessment of a boiler
Energy efficiency opportunities
Muhammad Qasim
Types of Boilers
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
Muhammad Qasim
Type of Boilers
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
Muhammad Qasim
Muhammad Qasim
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Muhammad Qasim
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Type of Boilers
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
(Your Dictionary.com)
Combustion efficiency
enhanced by induced
draft provisions
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Type of Boilers
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
3. Packaged Boiler
To
Chimney
Oil
Burner
Comes in complete
package
Features
High heat transfer
Faster evaporation
Good convective
heat transfer
Good combustion
efficiency
High thermal
efficiency
Classified based on
number of passes
13
Type of Boilers
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
Type of Boilers
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
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Type of Boilers
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
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Type of Boilers
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
Combustion
temperature at 1300
-1700 C
Tangential firing
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Type of Boilers
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
Introduction
Type of boilers
Boiler Assesment
Energy efficiency opportunities
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Boiler Assessment
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
1. Boiler
2. Boiler blow down
3. Boiler feed water treatment
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Assessment of a Boiler
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
1. Boiler performance
Causes of poor boiler performance
-
Poor combustion
Heat transfer surface fouling
Poor operation and maintenance
Deteriorating fuel and water quality
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Assessment of a Boiler
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
Heat Balance
An energy flow diagram describes geographically
how energy is transformed from fuel into useful
energy, heat and losses
Stochiometric
Excess Air
Un burnt
Stack Gas
FUEL INPUT
STEAM
OUTPUT
Convection &
Radiation
Blow
Down
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Assessment of a Boiler
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
Heat Balance
Balancing total energy entering a boiler against the
energy that leaves the boiler in different forms
12.7 %
8.1 %
100.0 %
Fuel
1.7 %
BOILER
0.3 %
2.4 %
1.0 %
73.8 %
Heat in Steam
Muhammad Qasim
Assessment of a Boiler
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
Heat Balance
Goal: improve energy efficiency by reducing
avoidable losses
Avoidable losses include:
- Stack gas losses (excess air, stack gas
temperature)
- Losses by unburnt fuel
- Blow down losses
- Condensate losses
- Convection and radiation
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Assessment of a Boiler
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
1. Boiler Efficiency
Thermal efficiency: % of (heat) energy input that is
effectively useful in the generated steam
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Assessment of a Boiler
2. Boiler Blow Down
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
Assessment of a Boiler
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
Continuous
Ensures constant TDS and steam purity
Heat lost can be recovered
Common in high-pressure boilers
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Assessment of a Boiler
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
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Assessment of a Boiler
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
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Assessment of a Boiler
Boiler Feed Water Treatment
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
Deposit control
To avoid efficiency losses and reduced
heat transfer
Hardness salts of calcium and
magnesium
Alkaline hardness: removed by boiling
Non-alkaline: difficult to remove
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Assessment of a Boiler
Boiler Feed Water Treatment
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
Conditions:
Feed water is low in hardness salts
Low pressure, high TDS content is tolerated
Small water quantities treated
Assessment of a Boiler
Boiler Feed Water Treatment
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
Processes
a) Ion exchange
b) Demineralization
c) De-aeration
d) Reverse osmoses
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Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
38
39
Symptoms:
Smoke, high CO levels in exit flue gas
Causes:
Air shortage, fuel surplus, poor fuel distribution
Poor mixing of fuel and air
Oil-fired boiler:
Improper viscosity, worn tops, cabonization on
dips, deterioration of diffusers or spinner plates
Solid Fuels
Bagasse
Coal (bituminous)
Lignite
Paddy Husk
Wood
3.3
10.7
8.5
4.5
5.7
10-12
10-13
9 -13
14-15
11.13
Liquid Fuels
Furnace Oil
LSHS
13.8
14.1
9-14
9-14
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Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
Thermal Equipment/
Boilers
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