Bioreport Distribution of Growth2

Distribution
of Growth
Methodology:
Seed Germination
after 3 hours
after 10
hours
Methodology:
Seed Germination
after 24
hours
after 48
hours
Methodology:
Initial Measurement
Methodology:
48 Hour Growth Period
Methodology
Final Measurement
Results and Discussion

Raw Data (Part I)
DIVISIONS
1
2
3
4
5
Seed
No. Lo, Lf,
L,
Lo , Lf,
Lo , Lf,
Lo , Lf,
L o, f
m m L D
m L D m m L D m m L D m m L D
mm
m m
m
m m
m m
m m
1
2 5.1 3.1 2
5.3 3.3 4
2 4.2 2.2 6
2 3.3 1.3 8
2 2.6 0.6 10
2 4.3 2.3 2
4.9 2.9 4
2 4.3 2.3 6
2 2.9 0.9 8
2 2.9 0.9 10
2 4.2 2.2 2
4.9 2.9 4
2 3.1 1.1 6
2 3.5 1.5 8
2 2.7 0.7 10
2 5.2 3.2 2
5.3 3.3 4
2 3.8 1.8 6
2 2.8 0.8 8
2 2.6 0.6 10
2 5.1 3.1 2
5.2 3.2 4
2 3.9 1.9 6
2 2.7 0.7 8
2 2.4 0.4 10
AV
2.7
2
8
AV
3.1
4
2
AV
1.8
6
6
AV
1.0
8
4
AV
0.6
10
4

Raw Data (Part II)
DIVISIONS
6
7
8
9
Seed
10
No. Lo, Lf,
L,
Lo , Lf,
L o, L f ,
L o, L f ,
L o, f
m m L D
m L D m m L D m m L D m m L D
mm
m m
m
m m
m m
m m
1
2 2.5 0.5 12
2.4 0.4 14
2 2.1 0.1 16
18
20
2 2.4 0.4 12
2.3 0.3 14
2 2.2 0.2 16
2 2.1 0.1 18
20
2 2.2 0.2 12
2.2 0.2 14
2 2.2 0.2 16
18
2 2.1 0.1 20
2 2.1 0.1 12
2.3 0.3 14
2 2.2 0.2 18
2 2.1 0.1 20
2 2.5 0.5 12
0.3
12
4
AV
AV
14
0.2
14
4
16
2 2.1 0.1 16
AV
0.1
16
2
2
AV
18
0.0
18
6
2
AV
20
0.0
20
4

Processed Data

Apical Meristem, Zones of Growth
o growth occurs in
three zones of cells

in successive stages
o zones are not
distinct and have no
clear boundaries
<http://bio1152.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/
ch35/35_12PrimaryRootGrowth.jpg>

Plant Hormone, Auxin
o chief function of
auxin is to stimulate
cell elongation
o increases the activity
of the proton pumps
allowing the cell to
become more acidic
<http://www.eplantscience.com/botanical_biotec
hnology_biology_chemistry/images/Plant
%20Cells/Plant%20hormone/auxin
%20indoleacetic%20acid_large.JPG>
Distribution of Growth: Shoots

1. Seeds were germinated on a tissue paper
2. After five days 4 seeds of approximately
similar in length were chosen.

1. Four seedlings with stems of approximately
similar length were selected

2. Ten 2-mm divisions were marked off from
the tip of the shoot

3. These were then placed in a dark cabinet
for 72 hours. They were watered every

night

LENGTH (mm)
DIVISION
PLANT 1
PLANT 2
PLANT 3
PLANT 4
AVERAGE
30
12
17
17
53
25
20
25.75
25
11
15
13.75
13
7.5
10
4.75
3.5
2.25
10
2.25

Average Elongation
25
20
15
Length of Elongation (mm)
10
0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
Average Elongation
Distribution of Growth:
Stems
Is growth uniform throughout the marked
stem?
NO
If not, where are the regions of the most
active growth?
On the average, the most active growth took
place in the 2nd division, followed by the 1st
and then by the 3rd.
Distribution of Growth:
Stems
The auxin hormone, which is also referred to
as indoleactic acid at low concentration and
gibberellins stimulate cell elongation, and
the presence of the apical meristems are
the one responsible for the result. They
together to promote elongation through the
auxins ability to acidify the cell well and
activate expansins, and the gibberellins
facilitation of expansins penetration. The
shoot apical meristem which is a domeshaped mass of dividing cells found at the
tip of the terminal bud is also responsible
for this growth (Campbell and Reece 2005).
Distribution of Growth: Leaves
Day 1
Four germinated sprouts with primary leaves showing

were potted, and the outline of the leaves were traced
Primary Leaf Growth: Day 3

Specim
en1
Specim
en 2
Specim
en3
Specim
en4

Specim
en1
Specim
en 2
Specim
en3
Specim
en4

Specim
en1
Specim
en 2
Specim
en3
Specim
en4

Specim
en1
Specim
en 2
Specim
en3
Specim
en4
Primary Leaf Growth: Day 15 (no

change from Day 11)
Specim
en1
Specim
en 2
Specim
en3
Specim
en4
Recorded lengths and

areas
Day
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
Specimen 1
Left Cotyledon
Right Cotyledon
Lengt
Width
Total
Lengt
Width
Total
h
(mm)
Area
h
(mm)
Area
2
(mm)
(mm )
(mm)
(mm2)
15
21
32
39
43
48
48
48
5
9
14
18
21
25
25
25
Day
65
125
360
625
840
1140
1140
1140
16
23
30
36
42
46
46
46
4
10
15
19
21
23
23
23
55
145
375
600
810
1090
1090
1090
Specimen 2
Left Cotyledon
Right Cotyledon
Lengt
Width
Total
Lengt
Width
Total
h
(mm)
Area
h
(mm)
Area
2
(mm)
(mm ) (mm)
(mm2)
16
19
29
33
37
43
43
43
3
8
12
16
19
21
21
21
Specimen 3
Left Cotyledon
40
100
250
500
615
840
840
840
15
20
27
31
37
43
43
43
3
6
11
14
19
22
22
22
30
90
200
375
615
860
860
860
Specimen 4
Right Cotyledon
Left Cotyledon
Right Cotyledon
Length
(mm)
Width
(mm)
Total
Area
(mm2)
Lengt
h
(mm)
Width
(mm)
Total
Area
(mm2)
Lengt
h
(mm)
Width
(mm)
Total
Area
(mm2)
Lengt
h
(mm)
Width
(mm)
Total
Area
(mm2)
18
60
18
75
19
85
18
75
23
120
24
130
24
125
24
130
25
11
185
26
12
210
31
13
340
31
12
290
29
13
310
30
14
350
34
16
550
33
15
475
34
16
550
35
16
570
38
18
600
38
18
600
11
38
20
660
39
20
680
43
21
840
41
20
725
13
38
20
660
39
20
680
43
21
840
41
20
725
15
38
20
660
39
20
680
43
21
840
41
20
725
Calculated Data
Overall Average
Day
Length
(mm)
16.875
Width (mm)
Average Growth Between Intervals
Total Area (mm2)
Length
(mm)
Width (mm)
Total Area
(mm2)
4.25
60.625
n/a
n/a
n/a
22.25
7.875
120.625
5.375
3.625
60
28.875
12.5
276.25
6.625
4.625
155.625
33.125
15.625
473.125
4.25
3.125
196.875
38
18.5
650
4.875
2.875
176.875
11
42.625
21.5
854.375
4.625
204.375
13
42.625
21.5
854.375
15
42.625
21.5
854.375
Analysis
Based on the findings, it can be deduced that
leaf expansion favors the increase of length

over the increase in width
Still, leaf expansion occurs proportionally
throughout the blade, so that the original shape

is basically maintained; this differs from root
and shoot growth, wherein increase in size is
disproportionate along the entire length as
areas nearest the tips (where the meristems are
located) experience the longest expansion.
References
[1] Campbell, Neil A., and Jane B. Reece.
"Plant Response to Internal and External
Signals." Biology. 7th ed. San Francisco:
Pearson, Benjamin Cummings, 2005. Print.
[2] Campbell, Neil A., and Jane B. Reece.
"Plant Structure, Growth, and Development."
Biology. 7th ed. San Francisco: Pearson,
Benjamin Cummings, 2005. Print.

Bioreport Distribution of Growth2

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Distribution

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

three zones of cells

Results and Discussion

Distribution of Growth: Shoots

similar in length were chosen.

Distribution of Growth: Shoots

similar length were selected

the tip of the shoot

for 72 hours. They were watered every

Distribution of Growth: Shoots

Distribution of Growth: Shoots

Distribution of Growth: Shoots

Distribution of Growth: Shoots

Distribution of Growth: Leaves

Four germinated sprouts with primary leaves showing

Primary Leaf Growth: Day 3

Primary Leaf Growth: Day 5

Primary Leaf Growth: Day 7

Primary Leaf Growth: Day 9

Primary Leaf Growth: Day 15 (no

Recorded lengths and

Average Growth Between Intervals

Total Area (mm2)

leaf expansion favors the increase of length

throughout the blade, so that the original shape

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