Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
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Debniloy De
Deepak Gupta
Deepesh Khaneja
Gagandeep Singh Bawa
Gaurav Syal
(10-EEU-012)
(10-EEU-013)
(10-EEU-014)
(10-EEU-016)
(10-EEU-017)
Power Transmission
Electric-power
transmissionis the
bulk transfer
ofelectrical energy,
from generatingpower
plantstoelectrical
substationslocated near
demand centers. This is
distinct from the local
wiring between highvoltage substations and
customers, which is
typically referred to
aselectric power
distribution
WHY AC over DC
Large electrical generators happen to generate AC
naturally, so conversion to DC would involve an
extra step.
Transformers must have alternating current to
operate, and we will see that the power
distribution grid depends on transformers.
It is easy to convert AC to DC but expensive to
convert DC to AC, so if you were going to pick one
or the other AC would be the better choice.
Underground Transmission
Electric power can also be transmitted byunderground
power cablesinstead of overhead power lines.
Underground cables take up less right-of-way than
overhead lines, have lower visibility, and are less
affected by bad weather. However, costs of insulated
cable and excavation are much higher than overhead
construction. Faults in buried transmission lines take
longer to locate and repair. Underground lines are strictly
limited by their thermal capacity, which permits less
overload or re-rating than overhead lines. Long
underground cables have significant capacitance, which
may reduce their ability to provide useful power to loads.
OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION
High-voltage overhead conductors are not covered by insulation.
The conductor material is nearly always analuminumalloy, made
into several strands and possibly reinforced with steel strands.
Copper was sometimes used for overhead transmission but
aluminium is lighter, yields only marginally reduced performance,
and costs much less.
Thicker wires would lead to a relatively small increase in capacity
due to theskin effect, that causes most of the current to flow
close to the surface of the wire. Because of this current limitation,
multiple parallel cables (calledbundle conductors) are used when
higher capacity is needed.
Bundle conductors are also used at high voltages to reduce
energy loss caused bycoronadischarge.
Since overhead transmission wires depend on air for insulation,
design of these lines requires minimum clearances to be observed
to maintain safety. Adverse weather conditions of high wind and
low temperatures can lead to power outages.
FIN