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Organizational
Behavior / Perception
Organizational
Behavior / Perception
Organizational
Behavior / Perception
Organizational
Behavior / Perception
Organizational
Behavior / Perception
Organizational
Behavior / Perception
Organizational
Behavior / Perception
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Organizational
Behavior / Perception
11
what is perception?
A process by
which individual
organise and
interpret their
sensory
impressions in
order to give
meaning to the
environment.
Perceptual Process
Selecting Stimuli
External factors : Nature,
Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
Location,Size,contrast,
Movement,repetition,similarity
Internal factors : Learning,
needs,age,Interest,
Interpreting
Attribution ,Stereotyping,
Halo Effect, Projection
Organizing
Figure Background ,
Perceptual Grouping
( similarity, proximity,
closure, continuity)
Response
Covert: Attitudes ,
Motivation,
Feeling
Overt: Behavior
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Organizational
Behavior / Perception
perception process
selection of stimuli
organisation of stimuli
interpretation of stimuli
selection of stimuli
selection is the first process in perception
the process of filtering information
received by our sense is called selecting
stimuli.
we are selecting the stimuli through our
senses, like...
Sight
Sound
taste
smell
touch
External
Nature
Location
Color
Size
Contrast
Movement
Repetition
Internal
Learning
Inner needs
Age difference
Interest
Ambivalance
ORGANISING
organisation is the second stage in the perception
process.
which helps gain the perceivers attention.
The stimuli received must be organized so as to
assign some meaning to them.
This aspect of forming bits of information into
meaningful wholes is called the perpetual
organization.
Field-ground differentiation
The tendency to distinguish
and focus on a stimulus that
is classified as figure as
opposed to background.
perceptual grouping
Continuity
Similarity
Closure
Proximity
Perceptual constancy
Perceptual Context
The context of the situation also plays a major role
in shaping the perception of individuals.
Different contexts convey different meanings to
people.
For example, if a manager pats his twoyear-old
son, it is considered a sign of love and affection.
However, if he gives an employee a pat on the
back, it is considered a sign of appreciation for the
work done by the employee.
interpretation
after the selection and organising the stimuli has to
interpret them in order to make a sensible meaning.
perceiver cant draw any meaning without
interpretation.
it is a subjective and judgemental process.
perceiver uses his assumption of people,things,object,
and situation.
he makes attributions,uses his judgemental skills
distorts information,adds/delete information brings his
own subjective feelings,opinion,and emotions,in
interpreting and drawing the measures
Perception
Attribution Theory
When individuals observe behavior, they
attempt to determine whether it is internally or
externally caused.
There are 2 types of attributions that people
make:
Dispositional attributions, which describe a
persons behavior to internal factor such as
personality traits, motivation, or ability.
Situation attributions, which attribute a
persons behavior to external factors such as
equipment or social influence from others.
Perceptual errors/distortions
stereoptyping
stereo typing
Stereotyping refers to the generalization of the
characteristics of all members belonging to a
certain group.
People judge others based on the perception they
have about the group to which these individuals
belong and do not consider the unique
characteristics of the person in question.
For instance, politicians are considered to be
manipulative and corrupt.
In the organizational context, stereotyping often
takes place based upon gender, race, ethnicity, etc.
Thank you