FACTS ABOUT PROGRAMMING

Computer programming
is
the
craft
of
writing
useful,
maintainable, and extensible source
code which can be interpreted or
compiled by a computing system to
perform a meaningful task.
Programming
a computer can be
performed
in
one
of
numerous
languages, ranging from a higherlevel language to writing directly in
low-level machine code

10
Programming
Languages that are
in
demand
by
Employers

Python is high-level object-oriented programming

language that developers can use in many ways.
Python is all about readability. It's uniform and
streamlined syntax allows programmers to build
concepts more quickly and with less code.

Larry Wall created Perl in 1987; It is

designed to allow developers to
work more easily with text data.

C is arguably the most widely used

and currently the most popular
programming language, according to
the Tiobe Programming Community
Index.

Extensible Markup Language, or XML, is a markup

language used to define document encoding that has
gone on to become the default for many office
productivity suites. Where HTML is about how
information is displayed, XML is about transporting and
storing data. The format is such that the code is
readable by both humans and machines.

C# (pronounced C Sharp) was developed by

Microsoft as a multi-paradigm programming
language
that
is
fully
compatible
with
Microsoft's .NET schema. Although it's used
mainly on Windows, C# is designed as a crossplatform language.

C++, developed by Bjarne Strousup in 1983, is

an enhancement of the programming language
C. The addition of object-oriented programming
has given this high-level language some lowlevel capabilities making it a good multi-purpose
language capable of building stand-alone

JavaScript, like HTML is a part of the fabric of

the Web. It's been around forever, but it has
recently shown resurgence with the jQuery
libraries. It's used in pretty much every Web
browser to make Web pages more interactive

HTML is one of the fundamental technologies that the

Web is built upon. When combined with JavaScript
and CSS, you can use HTML to create impressive Web
pages and apps with interactive features such as
geolocation capabilities, better forms, video and
canvas capabilities and Web storage.

This
cross-platform,
object-oriented
programming
language has become one of the most sought-after
programming skills in the developer world. It's been
around since 1995 and is still one of the most popular
languages from a developer and an employer perspective.

Most businesses and websites have databases that

work behind the scenes and many of those databases
rely on SQL. Structured Query Language is what is
referred to as a specialized programming language in
that it was designed for editing and querying data
residing in relational database management systems.

Database Management
System

is a collection of programs that

enables you to store, modify,
and extract information from a
database.

Examples
Microsoft Access developed
by Microsoft
MySQL most widely used in
the web
Oracledeveloped by Oracle
corporation. One of the safest
DBMS.
Microsoft
SQL
Server

developed by Microsoft.

MICROSOFT
ACCESS 2007

MS Access 2007

is a Database Management
System that assists in the
creation of a relational database
to satisfy the diverse datatracking
needs
of
an
organization.

Database

is a collection of logically related

data that can be organized and
accessed quickly. The data can
be stored as text, numbers, or
graphics and can be searched,
retrieved, and manipulated.

Relational Databases

It store data in a collection of

related
tables.
Each
table
contains one specific type of
information. This table structure
ensures that data is stored only
once, greatly reducing the
amount
of
duplicate
data
contained within the database.

Example of Relational
Databases
Table Name: tblstudentinformation
STUDENTID

FIRST NAME

MIDDLE NAME LASTNAME

NV150001

Lenie

Samson

Virgillio

NV150002

Katherine

Dela Cruz

David

NV150003

Avegail

Guran

Santos

Table Name: tblbarrowedbook

BARROWEDID

STUDENTID

TITLE OF THE BOOK

nvbook0001

NV150003

Dora the explorer

nvbook0002

NV150001

Hello Kitty

Basic Elements of a Database

Two types of key in a

database
Primary Key - is akeyin a
relational database that is
unique for each record.
Foreign Key - is defined in a
second table, but it refers to
the primarykeyin the first
table.

Elements of a Database
TABLE

VALUE

STUDENTID

FIRST NAME

MIDDLE NAME LASTNAME

NV150001

Lenie

Samson

Virgillio

NV150002

Katherine

Dela Cruz

DavidRECOR

NV150003

Avegail

Guran

SantosD

PRIMARY
KEY

FIELD

BARROWEDID

STUDENTID

TITLE OF THE BOOK

nvbook0001

NV150003

Dora the explorer

nvbook0002

NV150001

Hello Kitty

FOREIGN
KEY

Recitation
STUDENTID

FIRST NAME

MIDDLE NAME LASTNAME

NV150001

Lenie

Samson

Virgillio

NV150002

Katherine

Dela Cruz

David

NV150003

Avegail

Guran

Santos

BARROWEDID

STUDENTID

TITLE OF THE BOOK

nvbook0001

NV150003

Dora the explorer

nvbook0002

NV150001

Hello Kitty

THE ACCESS USER

INTERFACE

Office Button

Located in the top left corner of

the office window frame, this
button
displays
a
set
of
commands for creating a new
database,
opening,
saving,
printing, managing, emailing,
publishing,
and
closing
a
database.

Quick Access Toolbar

It can be customized to hold

your most frequently used
commands.

Ribbon

Contains
task-specific
commands grouped together
under command tabs. This new
feature of Access 07 is the
replacement for the former
menus and toolbars.

Navigation Pane

It displays database objects such

as tables, forms, queries, and
reports.

MS Office Window Frame

Located at the bottom of the

user interface, the frame can be
customized to show additional
features such as database views,
Caps Lock, Scroll Lock, or Num
Lock. The Window Frame was
previously known as the status
bar.

Dialog Box Launcher

Miniature buttons found on

command
tabs
provides
additional commands and tools
associated with the group.

Message Bar

Security features cause the

message bar to appear below
the ribbon when you open a
database outside of a trusted
location. Enable the full content
if you are sure the database is
virus-free.

DATABASE OBJECTS

Tables
These are the basic building
block of the database. They
contain information for related
items and are broken down into
individual units of information.
Data is STUDENTID
stored in TITLE
rows
and
BARROWEDID
OF THE BOOK
nvbook0001
Dora the explorer
columns. NV150003

nvbook0002

NV150001

Hello Kitty

Queries

These are instructions that

extract specific information from
one or more tables.

Forms

are a group of objects which are

used to the assist the user in
data entry.

Reports

are screen outputs of data

arranged in various formats as
required by the user.

Tabbed Documents

This feature allows all open

database objects to be displayed
in the same window allowing
easy navigation between the
objects.

There are two primary views for

using tables in Access: Design
View and Datasheet View.

Datasheet View

displays the data in a manner

similar to a spreadsheet with a
grid of columns and rows and
can be used to enter data.

Design View

the structure of the table is defined

including names, descriptions and
data types of all fields describing the
table. The design view serves as the
documentation for your database
structure.

Subdatasheet

A subdatasheet is a datasheet
that is nested within another
datasheet showing related data
items.

Find Command

It can be used to quickly move

the insertion point to a specific
record in a table.

Wildcard Character
A wildcard is a symbol used in a
search to replace unknown
characters.
Example: *

Table relationships

It allow data in tables to be

joined to bring the information
together as needed.

Types of Relationships

RECITATION

MANY TO MANY RELATIONSHIPS

MANY TO MANY RELATIONSHIPS

ONE TO ONE RELATIONSHIPS

MANY TO MANY RELATIONSHIPS

ONE TO MANY RELATIONSHIPS

ONE TO ONE RELATIONSHIPS

ONE TO MANY RELATIONSHIPS

ONE TO MANY RELATIONSHIPS

MANY TO MANY RELATIONSHIPS