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Signal Space
Representation
Orthogonality Theorem
The Strum-Livouille equation,
Example of Orthogonal
Sets:
(1)
(2)
10
equation (2) of
is orthogonal
in terms of the
Example
Orthogonal
independent
variable
t
over
the
Sets
(Cont.):
fundamental
range 1/f and, in general, over
M.1/f = M.T0,
where T0 indicates the fundamental time
interval over which cos2mft and cos2nft
are orthogonal to each other.
Example of Orthogonal
Sets (Cont.):
where mf = (n+p)f and p is an integer.
12
Let us define,
Example
of Orthogonal
Sets (Cont.):
13
Orthogonality in a complex
domain
Orthogonality in a complex
domain
Let us consider a complex function,
Gram Schmitz
Orthogonalization
(2)
Gram-Schmidt
Orthogonalization (GSO)
(2)
22
Indeed, in general,
Solution:
Step 1:
31
Step 2:
Step 3:
32
33
38
Schwarz Inequality
According to Schwarz inequality states that the
pair of energy signals S1(t) and S2(t) holds the
2
relationship,
2
2
(
t
)
(
t
)
1
11 1
12 2
orthonormal basis functions
and
S 2 (t ) S 211 (t ) S 222 (t )
1 (t )
2 (t )
Where
and
satisfy
the
for i j
1 orthonormality
1 (interval
t )2 (t )dt (-
ij )
0 elsewhere
S
S
12
22
The angle subtended between the vector S1 and S2 is,
S1T S 2
Cos
S1 S 2
S (t )S (t )dt
1
Cos
Cos 1
2
1
(t )dt
1/ 2
2
2
(t )dt
1/ 2
be represented
as,
2
2
*
S
(
t
)
S
(t )dt
2
1
(t ) dt
(t ) dt