Infection

Control

Microorganisms
Organisms

which
can only be seen
by a microscope
To Live
Warm temperature
moisture
darkness

Anaerobic

microorganisms which live in

an environment without
oxygen
Aerobic

microorganisms which needs

oxygen to live

Nonpathogenic

a microorganism that does not cause

disease
Pathogenic

a microorganism which is disease

producing

Pathogenic
Microorganisms
Bacteria

can be treated with antibiotics

Viruses
smaller than bacteria
cannot be treated with
antibiotics

Pathogenic
Microorganisms
Protozoa

larger than virus, grow within

host cell
Fungi
low form of plant life, includes
mold & yeast

Pathogen and disease

Toxins

some microorganisms produce

poisons (toxins) that affect the body

How Microorganisms
Spread
Direct

Contact
transmitted directly from one person
to another
Indirect contact
transferred from one object to another

How Microorganisms
Spread
Airborne

carried in the air

Oral route
enters body through water, food dirty
hands
Insects and Pests
picked up on insects and pests and
transferred

Signs and Symptoms

Generalized

involves the
entire body
Localized

involves a single
site

Asepsis
Asepsis

free from or keeping away disease

producing microorganisms
Medical

Asepsis

to destroy the environment that allows

pathogens to live, breed, and spread
Aseptic

technique

methods used to make the environment,

worker, and as germ free as possible

Aseptic Techniques to
prevent spread of disease
Cross

infection
caused by infecting the patient with a
new microorganism from another
patient or health care worker
Reinfection
infection with the same microorganism
that caused the original illness

Aseptic Techniques to
prevent spread of disease
Self-innoculation

infection by the patients own

organisms
An illness passing from the patient to
the health care worker or from worker
to patient

Aseptic Technique
Employees

to be neat and clean

Proper handling of all equipment
Use sterile procedure when
necessary

Aseptic Technique
Use

proper cleaning solutions

Bacteriostatic solutions: slow or

stops the growth of microorganisms
Bactericidal solutions: Kills
microorganisms
Hand

washing
Universal precautions

Universal Precautions
Precautions

that protect the

patient/client, co-workers, and
community from infection
Universal Precautions

Universal Precautions
Universal

Precautions Techniques
Wear gloves when

touching blood
touching mucous membranes
performing veinipuncture
touching body fluids of any kind

 Body Fluids
cerebrospinal fluid
pleural fluid (fluid around lung)
pericardial fluid (fluid around heart)
synovial fluid (fluid in the joints)
amniotic fluid (fluid around the fetus)
placenta tissue
saliva with blood in it

Wash

hands after glove removal

Protect clothing with apron or gown
when splashing of blood or body fluids
is possible
Discard needles or other sharps in
puncture-resistant container
Do not recap needles or work with
needles before disposal
Waste and soild linen must be handled
with care

Controlling the spread of

infections
Sterilize

make free from all living organisms

Disinfection

process of freeing from microorganisms by

physical or chemical means
Autoclaves

sterilizers which use steam underpressure

to kill all organisms

Isolation Precautions
Isolation

condition of having limited contact with

others
Protective

Isolation

guarding workers and visitors from danger

Reverse

Isolation

guarding the patient from danger

Types of Isolation
Respiratory

Isolation

protection from airborne droplets

Skin

and wound Isolation

protection from open wounds, skin

drainage

Types of Isolation
Enteric

Isolation

solid body wastes

Strict

Isolation

complete protection
Blood

and body fluids