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Why Codes?
1.For scientific design of Piping Systems
2.Selection of proper material of construction
3.To detail out the material specifications
Why Standardization?
It can reduce cost, inconvenience, and confusion
that result from unnecessary and undesirable
differences in systems, components and procedures.
Who published codes and standards?
Industry standards are published by professional
societies, committees and trade organizations.
Codes are often developed by the same organization
that develops Standards. The development has a
lot of scientific information and knowledge that is
used, although the final recommended thing may
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look
very simple and 3CH2101-Piping
easy to Design
use.
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3CH2101-Piping Design
3CH2101-Piping Design
Recommended
Practices:and Standards
Codes
Documents prepared by a professional group or
committee indicating good engineering practices
but which are optional as far as their use is
concerned.
It is a subjective decision of an engineer or a team
of engineers to use such practices or not to use
them.
Companies also develop Guides in order to have
consistency in the documentation. These cover
various engineering methods, which are considered
good practices, without specific recommendation or
requirements.
Codes and Standards, apart from being
regulations, might be considered as design aids
since they provide guidance from experts.
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Country
Organization
United States
ANSI
Canada
SCC
France
Association Francaise
United
Kingdom
BSI
Europe
Committee of European
Normalization
CEN
Germany
DIN
Japan
JISC
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India
3CH2101-Piping Design
Abbreviat
ion
AFNOR
BIS
ISO:
It is a
standards
bodies from some 100 countries, one from each country.
The work of preparing International Standards is
normally carried out through ISO technical committees.
Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee (ISO/TC) has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and nongovernmental both, in liaison with ISO also take part in
the work.
The main task of the technical committee is to prepare
International Standards.
Draft International Standards adopted by technical
committees are circulated to member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires
approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting
votes.
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American Standards:
Piping
Codes
and
The American Standards referred by
Piping
Standards
Engineers are mainly
the standards by:
1.The American Petroleum Institute (API)
2. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(ASME)
3. The American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM)
4. The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI)
5. The American National Standards Institute
(ANSI)
6. The American Welding Society (AWS)
7. The American Water Works Association (AWWA)
8. The Manufacturers Standardization Society of
Valves and
Fitting Industry Standard Practices
(MSS-SP)
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API Standard
Application(s)
APL 5L
Pipe line
Valves,End
closures, Connectors and Swivels
API 6F
API 570
API 571
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API Standard
Application(s)
ANSI/API RP 574
API 593
API 594
API 598
10
API 599
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API
Standard
Application(s)
11
ANSI/API
600/ ISO
10434
12
ANSI/API
602/ ISO
15761
13
API 603
14
API 604
15
API 607
16
API 608
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Metal
Ball Valves
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API
Standard
Application(s)
18
API 610
19
ANSI/ API
RP 621
20
21
API RP
1102
22
API 1104
23
API RP
1110
2402/02/15API 2009
Safe Welding,
Cutting
and Hot Work Practices in13
3CH2101-Piping
Design
American Standards:
Piping Codes and
4. The American Iron
and Steel Institute (AISI)
Standards
AISI STANDARDS
The American Iron and Steel Institute standards
specify the material by its
chemical properties.
When specific mode of manufacture of the element
is not the concern, then the material can be
identified
by the AISI standards. The most
commonly used AISI specifications are:
1)
2)
Steel
3)
Steel
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AISI 316 -
14
American Standards:
Piping Codes and
2. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Standards
(ASME)
In 1978, ANSI B31 committee was reorganized as
ASME Code for Pressure Piping
B31 committee.
Subsequently, the code designation was changed.
ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping is at present a
non-mandatory code in USA, though these are
adopted as legal requirement.
Sr.
No.
ASME
Code
Application(s)
ASME B
31.1
Power Piping
ASME B
31.2
ASME B
31.3
Process Piping
ASME B
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for
liquid
15
American Standards:
2. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
In 1978, ANSI B31 committee was reorganized as ASME Code
for Pressure Piping B31 committee. Subsequently, the code
designation was changed. ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping
is at present a non-mandatory code in USA, though these
are adopted as legal requirement.
Sr.
No.
ASME
Code
Application(s)
ASME B
31.9
ASME B
31.11
ASME B 1.1
ASME B
1.20.1
ASME B
16.10
ASME B
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American Standards:
2. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Other major ASME dimensional standards referred for the piping
elements are:
Sr.
No.
ASME
Code
Application(s)
11
ASME B
16.21
12
ASME B
16.24
13
ASME B
16.25
14
ASME B
16.28
15
ASME B
16.34
16
ASME B
16.42
17
ASME B
16.47
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Standards
American Standards:
3. The American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM)
ASTM standards consist of 16 sections on definitions
and classifications of materials of construction and
stipulated test methods. Most of the ASTM material
standards are adapted by ASME and are specified in
ASME Section II. ASME Section II has four parts.
Part-A - Ferrous materials specifications
Part-B - Non-ferrous materials specification
Part-C -Specification for welding materials
Part-D - Properties of materials.
In Part-II, the materials are listed in the Index based
on the available forms such as plates, castings, tubes,
etc. and also on the numerical index.
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Standards
American Standards:
3. The American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM)
The selection of ASTM specification depends upon
the type of manufacture, form of material,
its
mechanical strength and the corrosion properties.
The specification number is given on Alphabetical
prefix, A for Ferrous materials and B for Non-ferrous
materials.
ASTM also specifies standard practices for
numbering metal and alloys as Unified Numbering
System (UNS).
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BS 10
Flanges
BS
916
BS
970
BS
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1306
21
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Technical
limitations
of
the
Code
Section,
jurisdictional requirements and the applicability of
other Codes and Standards.
Once selected, all applicable requirements of the
selected Code shall be met.
For some installations, more than one Code
Section may apply to different parts of the
installation. The user is responsible for imposing
requirements supplementary to those of the Code if
necessary to assure safe piping for the proposed
installation.
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SELECTION OF
DESIGNCodes
CODE and
Piping
Standards
Factors to be considered while selecting
applicable code include:
Factors to be Standards
considered while selecting
applicable code include:
The Code prohibits designs and practices known to
be unsafe and contains warnings where caution, but
not prohibition, is warranted. The designer is
cautioned that the Code is not a design
handbook; it does not do away with the need
for the engineer or competent engineering
judgement.
If codes were everything and our job is to simply
do as directed, why would we need courses such as
this
course on piping design. Never get into a
mindset that engineers job is only to abide by codes
and nothing else. There is a lot of decision making
that you will have to do using your feel and
knowledge of the situation. Codes are our aids in this
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Design
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job.
Consider codes3CH2101-Piping
as our
assistants and not