Drive Test Parameters

RSRP
RSRP :- Reference signal receive power.
RSRP (dBm) = RSSI (dBm) -10*log (12*N)
where RSSI = Received Signal Strength Indicator
N: number of RBs across the RSSI is measured
and depends on the
BW
Significance : - RSRP is the most basic of the UE physical
layer
measurements and is the linear average power (in watts) of
the downlink reference signals (RS) across the channel
bandwidth for the Resource elements that carry cell specific
Reference Signals. Knowledge of absolute RSRP provides the UE
with essential information about the strength of cells from
which path loss can be calculated and used in the algorithms
for determining the optimum power settings for operating the
network. Reference signal receive power is used both in idle
and connected states

RSRP Plot & Threshold

RSRQ
RSRQ :- Reference signal receive quality.
RSRQ = RSRP / (RSSI / N)
N is the number of resource blocks over which the RSSI is
measured
RSSI is wide band power, including intra cell power,
interference and noise.
Significance :- It provides the Indication of Signal
Quality . Measuring RSRQ becomes particularly important
near the cell edge when decisions need to be made,
regardless of absolute RSRP, to perform a handover to
the next cell. Reference signal receive quality is used
only during connected states
Range :- -3 to -19.5 dB
RSRQ term is used for Quality same as Ec/No in 3G.

RSRQ Plot & Threshold

SINR
SINR :- Signal to Noise Ratio.
SINR = S / I + N
S -- Average Received Signal Power
I -- Average Interference power
N -- Noise Power

Significance : Is a way to measure the Quality of LTE Wireless

Connections. As the energy of signal fades with distance i.e Path
Loss due to environmental parameters ( e.g. background noise ,
interfering strength of other simultaneous transmission)
Radio Conditions for SINR Measurement

SINR PLOT & Threshold

RSSI
RSSI :- Received Signal Strength Indicator.
RSSI = wideband power = noise + serving cell power +
interference power
RSSI=12*N*RSRP
RSSI per resource block is measured over 12 resource
elements.
N: number of RBs across the RSSI is measured and
depends on the BW
Based on the above:
RSRP (dBm) = RSSI (dBm) -10*log (12*N)
Significance Is the parameter represents the entire received
power including the wanted power from the serving cell as well
as all the co channel power & other sources of noise

RSSI Plot & Threshold

CQI
CQI :- Channel Quality Indicator.
Range :- 1 to 15
Significance: CQI is a measurement of the communication
quality of wireless channels i.e. it indicates the downlink mobile
radio channel quality as experienced by the UE .CQI can be a
value representing a measure of channel quality for a given
channel. Typically, a high value CQI is indicative of a channel with
high quality and vice versa.
CQI is measured in the Dedicated mode only.
CQI depends on the RF conditions.
Better the CQI better the throughput will get and vice versa.

CQI Plot & Threshold

PCI
PCI :- Physical Cell Id
Range :- 0 to 503
Significance - PCI used to identify the cell & is used to transmit
the data

PCI = PSS + 3*SSS

PSS is Primary Synchronization Signal ( Identifies Cell

Id ).
PSS value can be 0, 1 & 2
SSS is Secondary Synchronization Signal ( identifies Cell
IdThere is no standard way for planning of PCIs but there are some guidelines.
CoPCI assignment for close sites needs to be avoided
group).
Sectors on the same eNode B should have the same SSS code but different PSS (assuming three
sectored sites).
SSS value can be 0 to 167.

This is not mandatory but helps synchronization of UEs and improves traceability of the PCI
assignment.
CoPCI assignment for the neighbors needs to be avoided. If the neighbors are CoPCI, the handover
process
may fail. Also, this is the trickiest requirement. (We will be adding an analysis in the LTE toolbox that
evaluates
the PCI assignment and detects this condition)
It is common to allocate a separate set of PCIs for outdoor cells and indoor cells. The reason is again
management of the PCIs and the fact that indoor cells are rarely trisectored. They are usually

PCI Plot & Threshold

BLER
BLER :- Block Error Rate
Block Error Ratio is defined as the ratio of the number of
erroneous
blocks received to the total number of blocks
transmitted.
Significance - A simple method by which a UE can choose an
appropriate CQI value could be based on a set of Block Error Rate
(BLER) thresholds . The UE would report the CQI value
corresponding to the Modulation Coding Schemes that ensures
BLER 10% based on the measured received signal quality
BLER is Calculated using Cyclic Redundancy error Checking
method
High BLER leads to loss of Peak rates & efficiency
BLER threshold should be low i.e. 10%

Throughput
Downlink Throughput
- In E-UTRAN may use a maximum of 2 Tx antennas at
the ENodeB and
2 Rx antennas at the UE ( MIMO ).
Significance - Target for averaged user throughput per
MHz, 3 to 4 times
Release 6 HSDPA i.e Higher user throughput as
compared to 3G ( Over 300 Mbps downlink as compared
to 14 Mbps in UMTS)
- The supported user throughput should scale with the
spectrum
bandwidth.

Uplink Throughput
- In E-UTRAN uses a maximum of a single Tx antenna at the UE
and 2 Rx
antennas at the E Node B.
- Greater user throughput should be achievable using multiple
Tx
antennas at the UE ( MIMO )
.
- Significance- Target for averaged user throughput per MHz, 2
to 3 times
Release 6 Enhanced Uplink i.e Higher user throughput as
compared to 3G
(Over 50 Mbps Uplink as compared to 5.76 Mbps in UMTS)
- The user throughput should scale with the spectrum bandwidth
provided that the maximum transmit power is also scaled.

Latency

Reduced transit times for user packets (reduced latency),

an order of magnitude shorter than that can be provided in
3G networks (i.e. the user plane -data latency will be lower
than 10ms and under 100 ms for control plane -signaling)

Significance - Low delay/latency due to fewer Nodes ,

Shorter TTI , Shorter Messages & quicker node response
leads to more efficient use of radio spectrum & Higher
Capacity

Control plane deals with signaling and control functions,

while user plane deals with actual user data transmission

User Plane Latency - U-Plane latency is defined as one-way transmit time

between a packet being available at the IP layer in the UE/E-UTRAN (Evolved
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) edge node and the availability of this
packet at the IP layer in the EUTRAN/ UE node. U-Plane latency is relevant for
the performance of many applications

Control Plane Latency -C-Plane latency is measured as the

time required for the UE (UserEquipment) to transit from idle
state to active state. In idle state, the UE does not have an
RRCconnection. Once the RRC is setup, the UE transitions to
connected state and then to the active state when it enters
the dedicated mode

Tracking Area Code

Tracking Area (TA)
It is the successor of location and routing areas
from 2G/3G.
When a UE attached is to the network, the MME
will know the UEs position on tracking area level
which is then stored in the HSS database. In case
the UE has to be paged, this will be done in the
full tracking area.
Tracking areas are identified by a Tracking Area
Identity (TAI).
TAI is constructed from the MCC, MNC, and TAC
(Tracking Area Code)
A Tracking Area (TA) includes one or several EUTRAN cells

Timing Advance
The time it takes for the radio signal to travel from the UE to
the eNBs receiver across the radio interface. Thus, it is equivalent
to the distance between the UE and the cells antenna
Significance - When UE wish to establish RRC connection with eNB, it
transmits a Random Access Preamble, eNB estimates the transmission
timing of the terminal based on this. Now eNB transmits a Random
Access Response which consists of timing advance command, based on
that UE adjusts the terminal transmit timing.
The timing advance is initiated from E-UTRAN with MAC message that
implies and adjustment of the timing advance.
Why timing advance??
Because the UL resources are orthogonal and this fact has to be
maintained
Different UEs in the cell may have different position and therefore
different propagation delay > this may affect synchronization
Only UL timing advance no DL
In DL possible to manage synchronized transmission to several UEs

TA Requirements
Timing Advance adjustment delay
The UE shall adjust the timing of its uplink transmission timing
at
sub- frame n+6 for a timing advancement command received
in
sub- frame n.
Timing Advance adjustment accuracy
The UE shall adjust the timing of its transmissions with a
relative
accuracy better than or equal to 4* TS seconds to the
signaled
timing advance value compared to the timing of preceding
uplink
transmission. The timing advance command is expressed in
multiples of 16* TS and is relative to the current uplink timing.

Timing Advance
How often > what is the frequency of Timing
Advance?
Granularity of 0,52us corresponding to 78 m
Dependent on the UE speed:
1. E.g. 72 km/h = 20 m/s
> 78 m in approx 4 s
> an update every 4 seconds
2. E.g. 500 km/h = 130 m/s
78 m approx 2 times per second
> Maximum of 2 updates per second
How is the NodeB measuring the TA?
Based on received PUSCH on TTI basis
CQI reports on PUCCH
How is the timing advance signaled to the
UE??
At MAC layer (peer to peer signaling)

Tx Power
The power (dBm) used by the UE to send the physical UL signal
toward the eNB( As per UE power Classes).
In LTE , The eNB is in charge of control of the UL TX power of the UE
.i.e. power control of UE.
The only measurement sent by the UE using a RRC measurement
report is the UE Tx power.
UE utilizes its Tx power as per the Power control Commands given by
eNB for better capacity & power Consumption .
Two Types of Power Control Schemes are Implemented
- Open Loop Power control
- Closed Loop Power control

Open Loop Power ControlOpen loop power control is capability of the UE transmitter to set
its uplink transmit power to a specified value suitable for receiver

Where
POL is the uplink power, set by open loop power control. The
choice of alpha depends on whether conventional or fractional
power control scheme is used. Using alpha = 1 leads to
conventional open loop power control while
0 < alpha < 1 leads to fractional open loop power control
Pmax is the maximum allowed power that depends on the UE
power class
M is the number of assigned resource blocks as indicated in the UL
scheduling grant
P0 is a UE specific parameter with 1 dB resolution
PL is the downlink path loss calculated in the UE from a RSRP
measurement and signaled RS transmit power

Closed Loop power Control

Closed loop power control is capability of the UE to adjust
the uplink transmit power in accordance with the closed
loop correction value also known as transmit power control
(TPC) commands. TPC commands are transmitted, by the
eNB towards the UE, based on the closed loop signal-tointerference and noise ratio (SINR) target and measured
received SINR. In a closed-loop power control system, the
uplink receiver at the eNB estimates the SINR of the
received signal, and compares it with the desired SINR
target value. When the received SINR is below the SINR
target, a TPC command is transmitted to the UE to request
for an increase in the transmitter power. Otherwise, the TPC
command will request for a decrease in transmitter power.

Thanks