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Transformers
What is a
transformer ?
It is an electrical device
Why do we need
transformers?
Because transformers
adjust the voltage coming into the
appliance to keep it operating properly
Why do we need
transformers?
Construction of
:Transformer
Construction of
:Transformer
Construction of
Transformer
Function of Transformer
Parts
Piece
Function
Core
Primary
winding
Secondary
winding
Enclosure
Principle of operation
1. When current in the primary
Principle of operation
Thermsvalueoftheinducedvoltagesare
Principle of operation
For ideal transformer E1=V1 and E2= V2
Transformer doesn't
work on a DC supply
According to the principle of
Transformer operation
It doesn't work on a DC supply
since the rate of change of flux
is zero
Transformer Rating
It is written in terms of Apparent Power.
Power
Apparent power is the product of its
rated current and rated voltage.
VA V1 I1 V2 I 2
Where,
I1 and I2 = rated current on primary and secondary winding.
Classification of
:transformers
1-step up transformer
Classification of
:transformers
according to number of
phases
1-single phase
transformer
2-poly phase transformer
Classification of
:transformers
1-Power Transformer:
It is a power transformer connected to
the output of a generator and used to
step its voltage up to the transmission
level .
2-Distribution
transformer
It is a transformer converting
the distribution voltage down
to the final level
3-measuring transformers
A)Voltage Transformer
3-measuring transformers
B)Current Transformer
Autotransformer
Tapped
autotransformer
According to transformer
design
According to cooling
A)Air Cooling For Dry Type
Transformers:
It is used for transformers that use voltages below
25KV
According to cooling
2)Air Forced type (A.F.)
The air is forced on to the tank
surface to increase the rate of
heat dissipation.
The fans are switched on when
the temperature of the winding
increases above permissible
level.
According to cooling
B)Cooling For Oil Immersed
Transformers:
1)Oil Natural Air Natural Type (O.N.A.N.)
This type of Transformer cooling is widely
used for oil filled transformers up to about
30MVA.
According to cooling
B)Cooling For Oil Immersed
Transformers:
According to cooling
B)Cooling For Oil Immersed
Transformers:
2)Oil Natural Air Forced Type
(O.N.A.F.)
According to cooling
B)Cooling For Oil Immersed
Transformers:
According to cooling
B)Cooling For Oil Immersed
Transformers:
According to cooling
B)Cooling For Oil Immersed
Transformers:
According to cooling
B)Cooling For Oil Immersed
Transformers:
According to cooling
B)Cooling For Oil Immersed
Transformers:
Transformer
Equivalent Circuit
The equivalent circuit shown can be used to
predict the performance of the transformer
Determination of
Equivalent Circuit
Parameters
1-D.C. test
This test is carried out to measure
the resistance of each winding
The resistance of each winding is
obtained from the Ohms Law R = E/i
Voltage Regulation
It is defined as the variation of no-load to fullload voltage of either the primary or
secondary as percentage of no-load voltage
The purpose of voltage regulation is to
determine the percentage of voltage drop
between no load and full load.
Transformer Efficiency
Transformer
defined as
efficiency
Pout
100%
Pin
Pout
100%
Pout Ploss
is
Example
The open-circuit and short-circuit tests conducted
on 50 KVA transformer gave the following result:
O.C.
test
Primary
3300
voltage
V
Secondary
400 V
voltage
Primary
460 W
power
S.C.
Primary
124 V
Calculate
test
voltage
(a)efficiency at full load and 0.8 power
Primary
15.4 A
factor
Solution
From open-circuit test
Core losses=460
W
From short-circuit test Copper losses=
(a)
efficiency at full load and 0.8
540W
power factor