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PUMP
IMPELLER
S
Introduction
The blades of the rotating impeller transfer energy to the fluid there by
increasing pressure and velocity. The fluid is sucked into the impeller at the
impeller eye and flows through the impeller channels formed by the blades
between the shroud and hub. The impeller is the primary component
determining the pump performance.
SEMI-OPEN IMPELLERS
They have shroud plate on eye side of impeller. This shroud may or
may not have pump-out vanes, which are located at the back of the
impeller shroud.
The Function of the pump-out vanes to reduce the pressure at the back hub of
the impeller; to prevent foreign matter from lodging in the back of the impeller
and interfering with the proper operation of the pump and the stuffing box.
ENCLOSED IMPELLERS
Enclosed impeller: Have shroud plates or hub plate (hub side). Used
for clear liquids.
D i r e c t i o n a n d fl o w r e l a t i v e l y t o
impeller:
Discharg
e Nozzle
Blades
Impell
er
Suction
Eye
Volute
Casing
D i r e c t i o n a n d fl o w r e l a t i v e l y t o
impeller:
OUTLET
INLET
U: the impellers tangential velocity
C: the absolute velocity of the fluid (compared to the surrounding)
W: the relative velocity of the fluid (compared to the rotating
impeller )
: is the fluid absolute flow angle
: is the fluid relative flow angle
Then,
Then,
If the flow is assumed to be loss free, then the hydraulic and mechanical
power can be equated:
V
A
C
T
A
IT
N
IO
Cavitations may occur when the local static pressure in a fluid reach a
level below the vapor pressure of the liquid at the actual temperature.
Cavitations due to
pitting from bubble
collapsing
P(vapor): Vapor pressure (in Pascal, Pa, absolute) for the liquid
being pumped.
: Liquid density (in kg/m3)
The Head at the Suction Inlet of the Pump can be calculated:
NPSHavailable >
NPSHrequired
Avoiding Cavitations:
1. Reduce friction losses in the pump suction line as much
as possible.
2. Increase the height of the suction tank fluid surface with
respect to the pump suction.
3. Increase the pressure in the suction tank. (for pressurized
suction tanks)
4. The atmospheric pressure. (depends on sea level)
5. Decrease the fluid temperature as you can.
THANKS
Fadel ElNaamani