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Examples
to design Footings
Example
Design a square footing to support a 18 in. square
column tied interior column reinforced with 8 #9
bars. The column carries an unfactored axial dead
load of 245 k and an axial live load of 200 k. The
base of the footing is 4 ft. below final grade and
allowable soil pressure is 5 k/ft2 Use fc = 3 ksi and
fy = 60 ksi
Example 1
Assume a depth of footing. (2 ft or 24 in.) The
weight of concrete and the soil are:
Ws s d s 100 lb/ft *
1 ft.
12 in.
300 lb/ft 2
1 ft.
4 ft 24 in. *
200 lb/ft 2
12 in.
Example 1
The effective soil pressure is given as:
qeff qs Wc Ws
5000 lb/ft 2 300 lb/ft 2 200 lb/ft 2
4500 lb/ft 2 4.5 k/ft 2
Example 1
Calculate the size of the footing:
445 k
4.5 k/ft
98.9 ft 2
Example 1
Calculate net upward pressure:
683 k
100 ft 2
6.83 k / ft 2
Example 1
Calculate the depth of the reinforcement use # 8 bars
with a crisscrossing layering.
d h cover 1.5d b
d 24 in. 3 in 1.51.0 in
19.5 in.
Example 1
Calculate perimeter for two-way shear or
punch out shear. The column is 18 in.
square.
bo 4 c d
418 in. 19.5 in. 150 in.
1 ft
3.125 ft
c d 18 in. 19.5 in.
12 in
Example 1
Calculate the shear Vu
Vu Pu qn c d
10 ft
10 ft
Example 1
Calculate d value from the shear capacity according to
11.12.2.1 chose the largest value of d
4
Vc 2 f c b0 d
Vc
d
s
bo
f c b0 d
Vc 4 f c b0 d
Example 1
The depth of the footing can be calculated by using
two way shear
Vu
4 f c b0
616 k
1000 lb
1k
19.1 in.
Example 1
The second equation bo is dependent on d so use the
assumed values and you will find that d is smaller and
= 40
Vu
40d
bo
616 k
0.85
bo=128.93 in
f c b0
1000 lb
1k
10.6 in.
4019.5 in
2 4000 150 in
150 in
Example 1
The depth of the footing can be calculated
by using one-way shear
2 2
1 ft
18 in
10 ft
1 ft
12
in
19.5 in
2
2
12 in
2.625 ft
Vu qn l2
2 2
Example 1
The depth of the footing can be calculated by using
one-way shear
Vu
2 fc b
179.3 k
1000 lb
1k
12 in
0.85 2 4000 10 ft
1 ft
13.9 in.
Example 1
Calculate the bending moment of the footing at the
edge of the column
M u qn
2
c
1 ft
18 in
10 ft
12 in
2
2
4.25 ft
4.25 ft 10 ft 616.8 k - ft
L c 2 2
2 2
2
2
Example 1
Calculate Ru for the footing to find of the footing.
Ru
Mu
bd 2
616.8 k - ft *
12 in.
1 ft 0.1622 ksi
120 in * 19.5 in 2
Example 1
From Ru for the footing the value can be found.
Ru f c 1 0.59 1.7
2
1.7 Ru
f c
0.1622 ksi
0.9 4 ksi
fy
fc
2
0.04632
0.04632 4 ksi
60 ksi
0.04632
0.0031
Example 1
Compute the area of steel needed
12 in.
19.5 in. 7.23 in 2
As bd 0.00309 10 ft
1 ft
fy
60000
Use
Example 1
Use a #7 bar (0.60 in2) Compute the number of bars
need
As
7.8 in 2
n
13 Use 13 bars
Ab 0.60 in 2
Determine the spacing between bars
s
L 2 * cover
n 1
120 in - 2 3 in
12
9.5 in
Example 1
Check the bearing stress. The bearing strength N1, at
the base of the column, 18 in x 18 in., 0.7
A2
A1
2 N1
Example 1
A2 10 ft 100 ft 2
2
1 ft
2.25 ft 2
A1 18 in
12 in.
100 ft 2
2.25 ft 2
Example 1
Pu =683 k < N1, bearing stress is adequate. The
minimum area of dowels is required.
0.005 A1 0.005 * 18 in 1.62 in 2
2
Example 1
The development length of the dowels in compression
from ACI Code 12.3.2 for compression.
ld
0.02d b f y
fc
18.97 in Use 19 in
Example 1
Therefore, use 4#8 dowels in the corners of
the column extending 19 in. into the column
and the footing. Note that ld is less than the
given d = 19.5 in., which is sufficient
development length.
Example 1
The development length, ld for the #7 bars for the
reinforcement of the footing.
fy
f ydb
ld
60000 psi 0.875 in
ld
41.5 in
d b 20 f c
20 f c
20 4000 psi
There is adequate development length provided.
ld
L
2
cover
c
2
120 in
2
3 in
18 in
2
48 in
Example 2
Design a footing to support a 18 in. square column
tied interior column reinforced with 8 #9 bars.
The column carries an unfactored axial dead load
of 245 k and an axial live load of 200 k. The base
of the footing is 4 ft. below final grade and
allowable soil pressure is 5 k/ft2 Use fc = 3 ksi and
fy = 60 ksi. Limit one side of the footing to 8.5 ft.
Example 2
Assume a depth of footing. (2 ft or 24 in.) The
weight of concrete and the soil are:
Ws s d s 100 lb/ft *
1 ft.
12 in.
300 lb/ft 2
1 ft.
4 ft 24 in. *
200 lb/ft 2
12 in.
Example 2
The effective soil pressure is given as:
qeff qs Wc Ws
5000 lb/ft 2 300 lb/ft 2 200 lb/ft 2
4500 lb/ft 2 4.5 k/ft 2
Example 2
Calculate the size of the footing:
445 k
4.5 k/ft 2
98.9 ft 2
8.5 ft
98.9 ft 2
11.64 ft Use 12 ft
Example 2
Calculate net upward pressure:
683 k
8.5 ft 12 ft
6.70 k / ft 2
Example 2
Calculate the depth of the reinforcement use # 8 bars
with a crisscrossing layering.
d h cover 1.5d b
d 24 in. 3 in 1.51.0 in
19.5 in.
Example 2
The depth of the footing can be calculated
by using the one-way shear (long direction)
2 2
1 ft
18 in
12 ft
1 ft
12
in
19.5 in
2
2
12 in
3.625 ft
Vu qn l2
2 2
Vu =150.7 k in
short direction
Example 2
The depth of the footing can be calculated by using
one-way shear design
Vu
2 fc b
206.4 k
1000 lb
1k
12 in
1 ft
18.8 in.
Example 2
Calculate perimeter for two-way shear or
punch out shear. The column is 18 in.
square.
bo 4 c d
418 in. 19.5 in. 150 in.
1 ft
3.125 ft
c d 18 in. 19.5 in.
12 in
Example 2
Calculate the shear Vu
Vu Pu qn c d
12 ft
8.5 ft
1.41
Example 2
Calculate d from the shear capacity according to
11.12.2.1 chose the largest value of d.
4
Vc 2 f c b0 d
Vc
d
s
bo
f c b0 d
Vc 4 f c b0 d
Example 2
The depth of the footing can be calculated for the
two way shear
Vu
4
2
617.6 k
f c b0
0.85
1000 lb
4
2
1.41
1k
4000 150 in
15.8 in.
Example 2
The third equation bo is dependent on d so use the assumed
values and you will find that d is smaller and = 40
Vu
40d
bo
f c b0
617.6 k
bo=128.173 in
1000 lb
4019.5 in
0.85
2
150
in
1k
4000 150 in
10.64 in.
Example 2
The depth of the footing can be calculated by using
the two way shear
Vu
4 f c b0
617.6 k
1000 lb
1k
19.14 in.
Example 2
Calculate the bending moment of the footing at the edge of
the column (long direction)
M u qn
2
c
1 ft
18 in
12 ft
12 in
2
2
5.25 ft
2 2
2
2
Example 2
Calculate Ru for the footing to find of the footing.
Ru
Mu
bd
784.8 k - ft *
12 in.
1 ft
12 in
8.5 ft
* 19.5 in 2
1 ft
0.2428 ksi
Example 2
Use the Ru for the footing to find .
Ru f c 1 0.59 1.7
2
1.7 Ru
f c
0.2428 ksi
0.9 4 ksi
fy
fc
2
0.07036
0.07036 4 ksi
60 ksi
0.07036
0.00469
Example 2
Compute the amount of steel needed
12 in.
19.5 in. 9.33 in 2
As bd 0.00469 8.5 ft
1 ft
fy
60000
Example 2
Use As =8.36 in2 with #8 bars (0.79 in2). Compute
the number of bars need
As 9.33 in 2
n
L 2 * cover
n 1
102 in - 2 3 in
11
8.73 in
Example 2
Calculate the bending moment of the footing at the edge of
the column for short length
M u qn
c
2
1 ft
18 in
8.5 ft
12 in
2
2
3.5 ft
3.5 ft 12 ft 492.5 k - ft
L c 2 2
2 2
2
2
Example 2
Calculate Ru for the footing to find of the footing.
Ru
Mu
bd
492.5 k - ft *
12 in.
1 ft
12 in
12 ft
* 19.5 in 2
1 ft
0.1079 ksi
Example 2
Use Ru for the footing to find .
Ru f c 1 0.59 1.7
2
1.7 Ru
f c
0.1079 ksi
0.9 4 ksi
fy
fc
2
0.0305
0.0305 4 ksi
60 ksi
0.0305
0.00203
Example 2
Compute the amount of steel needed
12 in.
19.5 in. 5.72 in 2
As bd 0.00203 12 ft
1 ft
fy
60000
Example 2
Use As =9.36 in2 with #6 bar (0.44 in2) Compute the
number of bars need
As 9.36 in 2
n
Reinforcement in bandwidth
Total reinforcement
1 1.41 1
0.83
Example 2
The number of bars in the 8.5 ft band is 0.83(22)=19 bars .
outside # bar
22 19
2
Example 2
Determine the spacing between bars for the band of 8.5 ft
s
n 1
102 in
18
5.67 in
L cover
n
21 in - 3in
2
9 in
Example 2
Check the bearing stress. The bearing strength N1, at
the base of the column, 18 in x 18 in., 0.7
A2
A1
2 N1
Example 2
A2 10 ft 100 ft 2
2
1 ft
2.25 ft 2
A1 18 in
12 in.
100 ft 2
2.25 ft 2
Example 2
Pu =683 k < N1, bearing stress is adequate. The
minimum area of dowels is required.
0.005 A1 0.005 * 18 in 1.62 in 2
2
Example 2
The development length of the dowels in compression
from ACI Code 12.3.2 for compression.
ld
0.02d b f y
fc
18.97 in Use 19 in
Example 2
Therefore, use 4#8 dowels in the corners of
the column extending 19 in. into the column
and the footing. Note that ld is less than the
given d = 19.5 in., which is sufficient
development length.
Example 2
The development length, ld for the #8 bars
ld
db
fy
20 f c
ld
f ydb
20 f c
47.4 in
20 4000 psi
L
2
cover
c
2
144 in
2
3 in
18 in
2
60 in
Example 2
The development length, ld for the #6 bars
ld
db
fy
25 f c
ld
f ydb
25 f c
28.5 in
25 4000 psi
L
2
cover
c
2
102 in
2
3 in
18 in
2
39 in
23 #6
12 #8