By:

DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY
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A Prescription is an order for medication

issued by a physician, dentist, veterinarian
or
other
properly
licensed
medical
practitioner.
Prescription
designate
a
specific medication and dosage to be
administered to a particular patient at a
specified time.

Legal Classification of medication

1. Obtained only by prescription
2. Without a prescription (OTC drugs)
Form of the prescription :
-

Prescription blank

Color : white

Measurement / size

Form

Name
:
Address
:
License of practice :
Bandung, .
R/

Pro
:
Age :
Address :

The component parts of a prescription :

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Patient information
Date
R/ symbol or Superscription
Medication prescribed or Inscription
Dispensing direction to pharmacist or Subscription
Directions for patient or Signa (to be placed on label)
Refill, special labeling and/or other instructions
Prescribers signature, address and other pertinent
information
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1.

Patient information
- The full name
- Address
- Age and/or weight

2.

Date
The time they are written and received and filled in
the pharmacy.
Important for the medication record of the
patient.
Drug abuse control < 6 months after the date
prescribed.

3.

R/ = symbol or superscription
Contraction of the Latin verb recipe
Meaning take thou or you take
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4. Medication Prescribed or Inscription

The body of the prescription order
Contain : the name and quantities of the prescribed
ingredients (the symbol g or ml often elimited)
Now : already prepared /prefabricated into dosage form
by industrial manufacturer
- trade mark or manufacturers proprietary name
- non proprietary
- generic name
Compounded prescription the pharmacist to mix
ingredient

5. Dispensing direction to pharmacist or

Subscription
Consist :
- Direction to the pharmacist for preparing the
prescription
(to designate the dosage form as
tablet, capsule etc.
- The number of dosage units to be suplied
Example :
- m . F . Caps . dtd . No XXIV
(mix and make capsule. Dispense 24 such dose)
- ft . Supp . No. XII (make 12 suppositories)
- m . Ft . Ungt (mix and make ointment)

6. Direction for patient or Signatura

Consist of :
- number of dosage unit each time
- frequency of administration
- time of administration
- route of administration
Word abbreviated signa mean mark thou
written using abbreviated form of English, Indonesia or
Latin terms or combination of each.
Example :
- Tab II . q . 4h (take two tablet every four hours)
- Caps 1 . 4xd . Pc & h . c (take one capsule four times a
day after meals and at bed time )
- Instill gtts II od (instill two drops into the right eye)
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The direction the label of the container

Expiration date
do not use after . day
discard after day
Auxiliary labels
shake well
for the ear
external use
poison
not to be swallowed
etc

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Example of Latin and English Prescription Abbreviation

Word or phrase
Ad
Ante cibos
Bis in die
Capsule
Collutorium
Collyrium
Detur tales doses
Dilut us
Fac, fiat
Gutta
Hora som ni
Unus
Tress

Abbreviation
ad
ac
bid
cap
collut
collyr
dtd
dil
f
gtt
hs
I
III

Meaning
To, up to
Before meal
Twice a day
Capsule
A mouth wash
An eye wash
Les such doses be given
Diluted
Make, let it be made
A drop
At bed time
One
three

Indonesia
Sampai
Sebelum makan
Dua kali sehari
Kapsul
Cuci mulut
Cuci mata
Larutkan
Buatlah
Tetes
Malam hari
Satu
Tiga

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A model prescription showing various parts is

shown as :

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Marry Jones
1114 Grady Avenue
Athens, Georgia 123456
Date : 5-16-06
R/
Codeine Sulfate Tabs 30 mg
Dispense tabs No.12
Sign. Tab i q 6h prn pain
Refills : 0 Label : yes
John Brown, MD (signature)
1600 Main Street
Atlanta Georgia

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Patients name
: Marry Jones
Address: 1114 Grady Avenue

Date : 5-16-06

R/
Codeine Sulfate Tabs 30 mg No.XII
S. tab 1 . q . h . Prn pain
_________#______________
Refill
Label

: 1234
:

John Brown, MD
1600 Main Street
Atlanta Georgia

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PHYSICIANS PRESCRIPTION
In Indonesia
Name
:
Specialist
:
Address
:
License of Practice

Prescriber information
Bandung,2006

R/

Date
Superscription

Ampicillin.500mg caps No.XXIV

Inscription
Subscription

S.4. d. d. caps I a.c.

Name :
Age
:
Address :

Signatura
Patient information
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In the hospital setting

11/13/07
10.30 a.m

(1) Ampicillin 500 mg I V q . 6 . h . x 5 days

(2) Aspirin 0.6 g per rectum q . 6 . prn . tem
over 101

(signed) Andi B.MD

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CLASSES OF PRESCRIPTION
1. Formula officinales ( Precompounded )
2. Formula Magistrales ( Compounded )
1. Precompounded
name of preparation ; Amoxycillin, Intermoxil
dosage form i.e.tablet, capsule, syrup, ointment
single dose
frequency of administration
duration of therapy
R/
R/

Amoxycillin Caps.250 mg No.XX

S.4.d.d Caps.1
Panadol Tab. 500 mg No.IX
S.3.d.d Tab.1

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2. Compounded

the single dose of each ingredient

the frequency of administration
duration of therapy dosage form signature written by physician

R/

Acetaminophen
Chlorpheniramin maleate
Dextrametorphan HBr
Sach. Lactis
M.f.pulv dtd No.IX
S.3.d.d pulv.1

250 mg
2 mg
10 mg
q.s.

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Writing a prescription order select the

drug :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Individual patient
Dose
Dosage form
Route of administration
Duration of medication
No or minimum adverse drug interaction

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Rasional Prescribing :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Make a specific diagnosis

Consider the pathophysiologic implication of the
diagnosis
Selecta specific therapeutic objective
Select a drug of choice
Determine the appropriate dose regiment
Devise a plan for monitoring the drugs action
and determine an end point for therapy

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1.

Each ingredient's name shall have a separate line

The mixed dosage form
R/ Ingredient A Xmg.
Ingredient B Ymg
Ingredient C Xmg

The single dosage form

R/Active Medicinal A.
R/active Medicinal B.

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2. Each line begin with capital letter

R/ Ephedrini Hydrochlorici .........
But the second word as an adjective:
R/ Sulphur praecipitatum
R/ Aqua destilata
3. Name of active ingredients come first,the name of
diluents or vehicle last. In a liquid prescription, the
name of the solid active medicinally are written
before those a liquid and the vehicle last.
R/ Dextromethorphan HBR
Ammonium Chioride
Aromatic Elexir, to make

0,24 g
7,2 g
120 ml.

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4. Name of ingredients come first, the dosage form last.

R/ Promethazine Syrup........
R/ Promethazine Injectio......
But: SERA and VACCINE come first.
R/ SERUM Anti Toxicum Diphtheriae
R/VACCINUM Polimyelitis.....
Of Salts the name of the base first, as
R/ POTASSI Bromidi...
Of ACIDS, the term for acid. First , as
R/ ACIDS hydrochlorici

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5. Latin is regularly employed for the name of the ingredients and for
the directions for compounding, when in doubt as to the correct Latin
expression write in English.
6. When writing for more than the ordinary dose of the potent drug, as
for
R/Strychnine Hydrochloride 10 mg. ( initial ) !
7. This part of the prescription usually consist of:
a. The Basic or principal active ingridient.
b. The Adjuvant or that which assists its action
c. The Corrigens ( Corrective ) or that which correct its operations.
d. The Vehicle or Excipient which imparts an agreeable form.
R/Magnesil Sulphatis .......Basic........ ...R/Thiophylini
Extra.Sennae. Lig .........Adjuvant...... Ephedrini HCL.
Tinct. Cardam. Co. ......Corrective......Phenobarbital
Aquam q. s. ad. .........Vehicle..........Sach. Lactis. q. s.

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SOLID DOSAGE FORMS

m. f. pulv. No. xx
mf = misce fac
m. f pulv. d. t. d. no. xx.
d. t. d. da Tales Dosis
m. f. pulv. d. t. d. no. xx
da im caps
m. f. caps. d. t. d. no. xx.
d. in caps d. t. d. no. xx.

LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS

M. D. S. 3 d. d. c. I.

M. D. S. gutt. nasal
M. D. S. gutt. auric
M. D. S. gutt. Opth
M. D. S. collyrium

SEMI SOLID DOSAGE FORMS

m. f. ung. 20
m. f. crim. 15
m. f. past. 20
m . f. lin. 20
m. f. l. a. ung. opthth
m. f. suppos. d. t. d. no

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THE SIGNATURE consisting of direction to the patien,

which are to be written on the label.
Should answer the questions - HOW MUCH, HOW
WHAT MANNER.

OFTEN, W H E N and IN

The abbreviations used in the Signature:

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

s. d.d.
= S. 1. d.d.
= semel de die = 1x/day
b. d.d.
= S. 2. d.d.
= bis de die
= 2x/day
t. d.d.
= S. 3. d.d.
= ter de die
= 3x/day
q. d.d.
= S. 4. d.d.
= quarter de die = 4x/day
p. r. n.
= pro renate
= if necessary
n. s. = si necesse sit = if necessary
s. o. s.
= si opus sit
= if necessary
u. i. = usus internus = internal medicine
p. i. = pro injectionem
= untuk suntikan
part. dol. Applic.= part dolente applicatum pakai pada bagian yang sakit
lo. Aig.= locus aigen = tempat bagian yang sakit
lo. Dol.= locus dolens = tempat terasa sakit
Ext. s. alut.
= extenus supra alutan
= oleskan pada kulit lunak
ext. s cort
= extende supra cortium = oleskan pada kulit keras
ext. cres
= extende cra
= oleskan tebal - tebal
fem. Intern
= remoris internis paha bagian dalam

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