Non Cooperation

Movement
Submitted By:Sanchaita Lahiri
DPS Public School

About Gandhi

Greatest national leader of India

Became the undisputed leader of Congress
Dominated political scene for 3 decades
Born-2nd Oct 1869 at Porbandar in Gujarat
Father- Diwan at Porbandar.
Gandhiji studied Law in England
Worked in SA
Returned to India in 1915 and set up an Ashram at
Sabarmati
Inmates of Ashram observed thruth, non violence,
control of food, non stealing, non possession,
fearlessness and the use of Swadeshi goods

New Phase in Indias Struggle

1919- He plunged into Indias struggle for freedom

Guided the affairs of INC with new techniques
Adopted methods of non-violence and non
cooperation proved successful
Made the Govt see reason by starting CD
movement
Got public support through CD movement to win
freedom for India

Gandhijis Methods and Directions

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Satyagraha
Swadeshi
Value Based Politics
Mass Movement
Concern for the poor and the oppressed
Non Co operation Movement

Circumstances leading to the Non

Cooperation movement

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The Rowlatt Act of 1919

The Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy
The Khilafat Movement

Against Whom

Under Mahatma Gandhis leadership, the

movement aimed at resisting British rule through
non-violence (ahinsa).

Who Supported it

Mahatma Gandhi and the entire Indian National Congress headed the
movement.

The National Congress Of India Supported it.

1. The Rowlatt Act 1919- BLACK

ACT

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RA named after the President of the committee.

RA passed a set of new repressive measures to counter all political unrest, which
manifested itself in many situations.
Gandhiji-1917- Champaran Satyagraha in Bihar to fight against indigo planters.
Forced the govt to make investigations into farmers grievances and fins a solution.
Ahemdabad Mill employees strikes in 1918-1919 against exploitation.
With Sardar Patel led a successful Kisan campaign in Khaira (Gujarath)
Indian soldiers were disillusioned with the political conditions in India
There was an all round political unrest to counter which the government passed the
Rowlatt Act
According to the RA:
The Govt could use the extraordinary repressive powers, it had during the war.
It could arrest any person without assigning any reason for the arrest, search any place
without a warrant and imprison anyone without trial.
An all-India hartal was observed on8th April 1919- to show peoples resentment to the
inhuman repressive measures.
Indian Press supported.
Gandhi came to the forefront and took the lead of the freedom movement in his hands.

2. The Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy

13th April 1919- people organized a peaceful general meeting in a small

garden in Amritsar (enclosed plot of ground known as Jallianwala Bagh)
Against the proclamation issued by General Dyer on12th April which
forbade public meetings and processions.
People were not informed of this proclamation.
GD ordered troops to fire without warning the people, closed the only exit.
Martial Law was proclaimed in Punjab.

Non Cooperation Movement

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NCM involved the following:

Surrendering of the titles and offices and resignation from nominated
posts in the local bodies.
Boycott of Government schools, colleges and law courts.
Boycott of foreign goods and adoption of Swadeshi.
Boycott of election and other Govt functions.
A Poster brought out during the Non-Co-operation Movement

Repression by the Government

People began to have strikes everywhere

Govt declared the Congress an unlawful organization and arrested many of
its members & volunteers.
People defied Govt orders and were jailed.
Spirit of Sacrifice and Freedom filled the hearts of the Indians
December 1921- Session of Congress at Ahmadabad- it was decided to
continue the Non Cooperation Movement with greater vigour.

Chauri Chaura Incident

So far the movement was non violent

A village near Gorakhpur- violent mob stormed and burnt a police station
and killed 22 policemen.
Gandhiji was visibly moved and greatly disappointed
Realised- the country was not yet ripe for a non violent struggle and
suddenly announced the suspension of the movement.
Believed that Violence would breed violence.
Congress leaders were shocked at his decision.
Gandhiji was arrested and sentenced for 6 years imprisonment and the
charge of sedition.

Outcome of the NC Movement

Brought Gandhiji into close touch with the masses.

Masses became active participants in the movement
Gandhijis personal identification with rural masses- total and complete
Lived like a simple villager and became the symbol of the poor and the
downtrodden
The movement surpassed all caste and creed distinctions in society
Brought Hindu Muslim unity
By bringing about sentiments of nationalism, it tried to remove caste
distinctions in matters relating to the national interest.
Congress became a revolutionary organization because it adopted a new and
changed programme.
Provided a national base to the Congress making it a genuine revolutionary
organization.
Received the support of the common masses.
Instilled confidence among Indians and made them bold.
Indians realized by experience- passive resistance was more powerful than
any weapons used by the British.
They understood the importance of Unity.

Events leading to the CD

Movement
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Simon Commission
Recommendations of the Commission
The Congress Session at Lahore

1. Simon Commission 1927

A Commission would be set up to assess the
merits of the Govt of India Act of 1919 at
the end of 10 years, in order to advise the
Govt about the next step to be taken.
After its chairman Sir John Simon.
The Commission was - to tour the countrymeet various political leaders- and tell govt
about the next constitutional reforms.
All white and no Indian.

Self respect of the Indians was hurt.

All the political leaders decided to boycott.

Recommendations of the
1.Commission
Complete autonomy in the provinces including the
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department of Law and order, but the governor

should be given over- riding powers in certain
matters like internal security.
There should be a federal Govt at the centre,
consisting of British India and the Princely States.
British Troops and British Officers should stay on
in Indian regiments for many years.
Provincial Legislative Councils should be enlarged.
The Governor- General should be free to select
and appoint members of his cabinet.
High Courts should be under the administrative
control of the Govt of India.

 Commission submitted its Report on 27th May,

1930.
Indian leaders were unhappy because the
Commission proposed a limited transfer of power
in the provinces with many restrictions.
Commission granted a political revolution.
Turning point in Indias struggle for Freedom.
CD movement began as a protest against the
Commission.
The Nehru Report and the Demand for Poorna
Swaraj erealso the offshoots of the political
excitement created by protests against this
Commission.

3. The Congress Session at

Lahore
Annual Session of Congress as Lahore in
December, 1929 under the Chairmanship of Pandit
Jawaharlal Nehru, a resolution for complete
independence, Poorna Swaraj was passed.
First Independence Day was celebrated on 26 th Jan
1930 in Kolkatta.
Indian National Flag was hoisted and
independence pledge by Congressmen.
26th Jan 1950 India became Republic and its
Constitution was promulgated.

CD Movement

The CWC vested MG with full power to launch the CD

Movement.
CDM was organized to disobey the Laws made by the
British Govt.
Programme- non violent Sathyagraha, boycott of
Schools and Colleges, courts and foreign goods,
picketnig of shops, burning of foreign cloth, spinning,
large scale fighting against untouchability, breaking
the salt laws and no-tax campaigns.

Newspaper report on the

commencement of Dandi
March 12, 1930

Gandhi and fellow

satyagrahis on the march.

A message from Gandhi

Dandi March

Gandhiji started the CDM ON 12 th March 1920 with his

famous Dandi March.
Dandi a village on the sea-cost of Gujarat.
78 followers walked for 200 miles.
Non violent column marching to Dandi
DM violated the Govt laws which forbade anyone to
manufacture salt.
1st time in the History of India men & women were
mobilized for the national struggle.
Worked together against harassment of the British Govt.
Movement spread rapidly.
RESULT
British administration was put out of gear in many places.
Midnapur in Bengal went out of the control of the Govt
Peasants in United Provinces refused to pay taxes to the
Govt
North West Frontier- the Pathans adopted the policy of
NC under the leadership of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Kahn.

Results of Dandi March

Leaders and people were arrested on 5 th May
1930,Congress was declared illegal, Hartals all over the
country, 60,000 were imprisoned, firing at 29 places,
Sholapur at Maharashtra became almost independent.
British failed to suppress the movement. More the
repression greater was the determination of the Congress
volunteers. Passive resistance of the Congress volunteers
against the lathi charges and firing aroused admiration of
non Congressmen.
North West Frontier Province, a Muslim area joined the
NM under the leadership of KAGK.
Band of Volunteers Red Shirts paralysed the Govt,
Gharwal Regiment posted at NWFP refused to fire on the
RSV also called as Kudhai Khidmatgars
Disobedience of Govt order was a bad Omen for the Govt
and began to think ofconciliation.

RTC
Change in Govt in England- Labour Party led by Ramsay
Mac Donald.
Lord Irwin the Viceroy announced that a RTC of British
statesmen and Representatives of British India and
Indian States would be held in London in November.
1930.
To find an acceptable solution to the Indian Leaders for
a political settlement.
The Congress reacted unfavorably.
Congress wanted summoning of a Constituent Assembly
to draft a Constitution for India.
British Govt refused and went ahead with its plan of
RTC.
Congress decided to Boycott and decided to launch
another CDM.

Bidding farewell to his countrymen from the

promenade deck of S.S. Rajputana
to attend the Round Table Conference in
London. August 29, 193

Gandhi Irwin Pact

Realisation of British Govt.
Thought they could not underestimate the genuine
feelings of nationalism.
British were eager to compromise.
Sir Tej Bahdur Sapru and D. Jaykar became the mediators.
Leaders were released from jail in Jan 1931.
Understanding between Gandhiji and Irwin- Concluded a
pact known as GIP.
Gandhiji side-CDM was called off, Gandhiji agreed to
attend II RTC in London, agreed to stop boycotting British
goods,
Govt side- Viceroy agreed to withdraw ordinances
promulgated against CDM, release people from jail, return
the seized property, allowed the peaceful picketing of
liquor and opium shops and allow people living within
some distance of the seas shore to collect or manufacture
salt, free from any tax or duty.

II RTC- 1931
Sole representative form Congress- Mahatma Gandhi.
Narrow objects of Muslims Sikhs Christians and
princes and planters.
Gandhiji pressed for immediate and full responsible
Govt.
No agreement communal representation.
Disgusted Gandhiji left England in December 1931.

Gandhi at the Round

Table Conference in
London

Renewal of CDM- 1923-34

Gandhi returned 28th Dec 1931.
Renewed the CDM as per the decision of the CWC which met on
1st Jan 1932.
Repressive measures by the Govt Congress leaders ere arrested.
Picketing of British shops and liquor shops, organised Salt
Satyagrahas and violated forest laws, refused to pay rents and
revenues, Congress held illegal sessions as it was banned, Land,
houses and property were confiscated, national leaders were
jailed while the communalists were given a wide scope to
inflame communalism.

Thank You