CHAPTER III

SELECTION AND USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL

MATERIALS (IMS)

MAILYNE V.
BACONGCO AND
ROSSLY T. MOLINA

FOCUS QUESTIONS

What are some

guiding
principles in the
selection and
use of
instructional
materials?

What are
examples of
instructional
materials?

How should
these materials
be used for
learning to the
maximum and
optimum?

PRINCIPLES
1. All instructional materials are aids to instruction.

They do

not replace the teacher.

2. Choose the instructional material that best suits

your instructional objectives.
3. If possible, use a variety of tools.
4. Check out your instructional material before class
starts to be
sure it is working properly.

PRINCIPLES
5. For results, abide by the general utilization guide
on the use of media given below:
learn how to use the instructional materials.
Prepare introductory remarks, questions or
initial comments you may used.
Provide a conducive environment.
Explain the objectives of the lesson.
Stress what is to be watched or listened to
carefully.
State what they will be expected to do w/ the
information
they will learn.
There is a need to summarize or review the

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

AUDIO RECORDINGS
Include tapes , records and compact disc.
ADVANTAGES

Improve listening skills

Easy to operate
Safe way of storing information
Can be used to improve speech
skills
Lessen distraction when used with
headphones

DISADVANTAGES
Extended use may bore students
Costly compared to actual oral
presentation

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

OVERHEAD TRANSPARENCIES AND OVERHEAD PROJECTOR (OHP)
Show pictures, diagram and sketches at a time when
they are needed in a discussion.
ADVANTAGES
Transparencies can easily be prepared by the teacher or the
students.
Transparencies are reusable.
OHP presentation can be used with large or small groups.
OHP is easy to operate.

DISADVANTAGES
The overhead projector may be costly
for some.
Moving it around needs as much care.
When over-heated, transparencies can
be damaged.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

BULLETIN BOARDS
Usually stationary on a wall or it can be movable,
learning materials may be pictures, newspaper
clippings, real objectives or drawings.
ADVANTAGES
It can present a preview of the lesson to be presented as a way of
motivating the students.
The attractive displays can add life and color to a drab room
atmosphere.
A display can allow a number of students to browse over its contents
at the same time.

DISADVANTAGES
A good one needs
time to plan and
execute. If hurried the
display may fail in
conveying the
message desired.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

CHALKBOARD
Using chalk, it is a convenient writing area where
illustrations can instantly be drawn even during a
discussion.
ADVANTAGES

It is easily available
It is inexpensive and easy to install.
It can accommodate so much writing space and easy to clean.
It is convenient to use both for formally prepared lessons or for
spontaneous sessions.
The attention of the class can easily be held and focused. It being located
usually in front of the room.

DISADVANTAGES
Lessons or writings on the chalkboard
are only for a days use, hence
temporary and cannot be saved.
Chalk dust makes the area messy.
Writing makes one turn his back to the
audience.
The teachers handwriting and spelling
deficiency can cause disruption from
the lesson.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

Charts
May be in the form of maps, graphs, photographs and cut-outs.

ADVANTAGES

Charts can be used over and over again.

They can be moved easily from one place to another.
Colored charts are more attractive.
Charts can be made by students.

DISADVANTAGES
Charts cannot show motion
Big charts are cumbersome to
handle.
Charts can be outdated.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

MOCK-UPS
A replica of an object that may be larger or smaller in scale.
ADVANTAGES
It can be constructed by the teacher since she knows which part should
be emphasized.
It is a way of focusing observations on the desired part to be studied as
well as the functional relationships of the parts.

DISADVANTAGES
Its construction could be timeconsuming.
Since the sizes are exaggerated, the
students might be confused when faced
with the real object.
It could be costly.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

Realia
Stands for the real things that are to be studied like using real insects or plants.
ADVANTAGES
Real objects are easily available everywhere.
Examining real objects create concrete learning experiences for the
learner.
Real specimens can be handled and observed thoroughly.
They are inexpensive.
The children are familiar with the real materials and their interest can
easily be focused.

DISADVANTAGES
Some live animals and plants are potential
hazards.
Some are expensive.
Problems regarding storage and retrieval
may arise.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

VIDEO TAPES/FILMS
ADVANTAGES
Motion pictures easily motivate children.
Movement or sequence of events can be shown
clearly.
They are adaptable to large or small groups.
Considering the number of times they can be used,
they are relatively inexperience.
They require very little reading skills.

DISADVANTAGES
Choosing films which the exact
content desired may be a
problem.
Projection equipment might be
expensive for some schools.
Mechanical and operational
problems may arise with the
projection equipment.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

Models
Scaled replicas of real objects.

ADVANTAGES
Models provide motivation and enhance learning.
Oversized objects can be reduced in size and can be studied in the
classroom.
Some models can be purchased from commercial firms.
The parts can be built as to scale and can appear exactly like the real
object.

DISADVANTAGES
Purchase of models can be costly.
If models are built as to scale, it
could be time consuming.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

Pictures
The concept to be taught could be introduced through pictures.
ADVANTAGES
Appropriate pictures that fit the objects are easy to obtain.
They are often free in the form of clippings.
In a well chosen pictures, the amount of information that can be
conveyed is tremendous.
They are more effective than oral or written statements.
They are reusable.

DISADVANTAGES
Choosing the right picture can be a
problem for some teacher.
Handling of pictures needs so much
care.
Sometimes the correct size or
perspective if scale in a picture can
cause confusion especially if the
children are not familiar with the
object.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

BOOKS
Contain information's, picture and graphics.
ADVANTAGES

Books are well-written. They present accurate facts and details.

They serve as permanent sources of information.
They are reusable.
Students can control their own pace of learning by using books at a
convenient time.
Books which present color, action and beautiful sceneries are enjoyed
and reread a number of times.

DISADVANTAGES
Books on special contents can be expensive for
some.
At one time, the search for information can be
limited to only one or two readers.
Some students are not readers.
Care in handling books is like respecting the
author and the writings therein.
Always refer to the new and updated or revised
edition of books.
Encourage students to purchase and make a
mini-library in their study room.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

ELECTRONIC
MATERIALS
CDs, DVDs, CD-ROMS
and the Internet.

THANK YOU