SIKUENSTRATIGRAFI

SIKUENSTRATIGRAFI
Penggolongan lapisan batuan secara
bersistem menjadi satuan bernama
berdasarkan satuan genesa yang dibatasi,
di bagian bawah dan atasnya, oleh bidang
ketidakselarasan atau keselarasan
padanannya.
Satuan sikuenstratigrafi ialah suatu tubuh
lapisan batuan yang terbentuk dalam
satuan waktu pada satu daur perubahan
mula-laut relatif.

Batas Satuan
Bidang ketidakselarasan: bidang
erosi, pada umumnya terjadi di atas
muka laut (sub-aerial), ditandai oleh
rumpang waktu geologi.
Bidang keselarasan padanan: bidang
kelanjutan dari bidang
ketidakselarasan ke arah susunan
lapisan batuan yang selaras.

Tingkat-tingkat Satuan
Dari besar sampai kecil =
Megasikuen Supersikuen Sikuen
Sikuen adalah satuan dasar dalam
pembagian satuan sikuenstratigrafi.

Unconformities
Stratigraphic surfaces across which
there is evidence for a significant
time gap.
- Angular unconformities
- Disconformities
- Paraconformities
- nonconformities

Disconformi
ty

Angular
unconform
ity

Nonconform
ity

Inclusion principle: The fragment in

a clastic rock must be made up of a
rock that is older than the strata in
which they are found.

What is facies?
In stratigraphy, a facies is a body of
physical characteristics that allow to
attribute a sediment to a specific
depositional environment for
distinction from adjacent sediment
deposited in a different depositional
environment.
Sedimentary facies reflect
depositional environment.

Walthers Law of Facies

Succession:
the vertical
succession of
facies reflects
lateral
migration in
environment
because when a
depositional
environment
migrates
laterally,
sediments of
one
depositional

A transgression occurs when the rate of

sea level rise landward exceeds the rate of
sediment input, and causes an increase in
accomodation.

A regression occurs when sedimentation

rates outpace the rates of base - level rise at
the shoreline, or when base-level falls.

Cyclicity:
Much of the sedimentary records
display evidence for repetitive
transgressive/regressive episodes.
Transgression and regressions caused
by the interplay of:
- Global sea level change
- Tectonic subsidence/uplift
- Changes in sediment supply

Consequences of sea level

change
Based on Embry (2002)
Changes in depositional trend
Two main possibilities:
1. Change from deposition to erosion
2. Change from shallowing upward
trend to deepening upward trend

Consequences of Sea Level

Change
Base level fall:
- Sediment accumulation cease
along basin margin, subaerial
erosion surface expands
basinward.
- Sea floor erosion on inner shelf in
advance of prograding shoreline.

Consequences of Sea Level

Change
Base level rise:
- Accumulation of non-marine strata
spreads in a landward direction above
a subaerial erosion surface.
- Change from regressive trend to a
transgressive trend in marine deposits.
- Deposition ceases at shoreline and
erosion at shoreline starts.

Maximum Flooding Surface

End of transgression, start of
regression
Shallowing upward trend overlying
a deepening upward trend
May be a surface of non-deposition
or marine erosion.
May be an interval of very slow
deposition
- condensed section not really a
surface

Transgressive sequence set = retrogradational sequence set

Highstand sequence set = progradational sequence set
Lowstand sequence set

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