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Vedapriya Jayaramareddy
ITP Group(BO1)
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Data Models.
Description
Hierarchical Model
Network Model
Relational Model
Features Of Relational
Model
The relational model of data permits the database
designer to create a consistent, logical representation
of information.
The basic principle of the relational model is the
Information Principle: all information is represented by
data values in relations.
Database Management Systems must adhere to
Codds rules to be termed as RDBMS.
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RDBMS.
Codds Rules..
No commercial RDBMS fully conforms to all 12 rules.
The rules are so strict that all popular so called
relational DBMSs fail on many of the criteria.
In practice, many database products (for ex. Oracle,
Sybase etc..) are considered relational even if they do
not strictly adhere to all 12 rules.
Lets begin..
Rule 2.
Rule 3.
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Rule 4
Dynamic Online Catalog based on the
relational model :
Users must be able to access the databases structure
(catalog) using the same query language that they use
to access the databases data.
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Rule 5
Comprehensive Data Sublanguage Rule :
There must be a single language that handles all
communication with the database management
system.
Every RDBMS should provide a language to allow the
user to query and manipulate the contents of the
RDBMS.
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Rule 6
View Updating Rule :
All views that are theoretically updatable must be
updatable by the system.
Views are virtual tables or abstractions of the source
tables.
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Rule 7
High-level insert, update and delete :
The system must support set-at-a-time INSERT,
UPDATE, and DELETE operators.
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Rule 8
Physical Data Independence :
Applications that access data in a relational database
must be unaffected by changes in the way the data is
physically stored.
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Rule 9
Logical Data Independence :
The database schema or structure of tables (logical) &
relationships can change without having to recreate
the application that uses it.
Difficult to satisfy.
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Rule 10
Integrity Independence :
Integrity constraints specific to a particular relational
database must be stored separately from application
programs and stored in the catalog.
It must be possible to change such constraints as &
when appropriate without unnecessarily affecting
existing applications.
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Rule 11
Distribution Independence :
A relational DBMS has distribution independence.
The RDBMS may spread across more than one
system & across several networks, however to the
end-user the tables should appear no different to those
that are local.
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Rule 12
Non Subversion Rule :
No way to modify the database structure other than
through the multiple row database language.
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Thank You!
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