Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
(GPRS)
Petteri Lappalainen
23.11.1998
IP Tech School
Seminar Presentation
Based on the material by
Tuomas Niemel (-97), Hannu H. Kari (-98) and ETSI
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 1
Wireless roadmap
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 2
Contents
1. Introduction to GPRS
What is GPRS ?
GPRS characteristics
Applications
2. GPRS architecture
Network elements
3. GPRS Operations
Radio interface
resource reservation
Security operations
Connecting to GPRS
Data transfer
Mobility management
Interworking with GSM
services
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 3
4. Special issues
SMS
Charging
O&M
Supplementary services
QoS
Performance
5. GPRS business view
What must be invested
How to make money with
GPRS
Users' benefits of GPRS
Business model
6. GPRS specifications
1. Introduction to GPRS
1.1. What is GPRS ?
1.2. GPRS access interfaces and reference points
1.3. How is GPRS seen by external networks and GPRS
users
1.4. Air interface resources
1.5. GPRS characteristics
1.6. Applications
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 4
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 5
Um
MT
MS
Gi reference point
GPRS network 1
PDNs or
other networks
Gp
GPRS network 2
GPRS
SUBNETW ORK
SUBNETW ORK
1 5 5 .2 2 2 .3 3 .X X X
" R o u te r "
SUBNETW ORK
1 3 1 .4 4 .1 5 .X X X
SUBNETW ORK
1 9 1 .2 0 0 .4 4 .X X X
C o r p o r a te 1
R o u te r
HOST
1 9 1 .2 0 0 .4 4 .2 1
Local
a re a
n e tw o r k
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 7
P acket
D a ta
nn ee twt wo rok r k
R o u te r
C o r p o r a te 2
( In te r n e t)
Local
a re a
n e tw o r k
HOST
1 3 1 .4 4 .1 5 .3
14
Free
Capacity
12
10
8
TCH
6
4
14
12
TCH
10
8
1:00 PM
4
2
0
3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 8
1:15 PM
1:30 PM
1:45 PM
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 9
1.6. Applications
Standard data network protocol based
IP based applications
WWW, FTP, Telnet, ...
Any conventional TCP/IP based applications
X.25 based applications
Packet Assembly/Disassembly (PAD) type approach
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 10
2. GPRS architecture
2.1. Interfaces, reference points and network elements
2.2. Functional view on GPRS
2.3. Subscription of GPRS service
2.4. New network elements
2.4.1. GGSN
2.4.2. SGSN
2.4.3. Other elements
2.4.4. GPRS backbones
2.5. GPRS Mobile classes
2.6. MS multislot capabilities
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 11
SM-SC
MAP-C
Gd
MSC/VLR
Gs
A
TE
MT
R
HLR
MAP-D
Gb
BSS
Um
Gc
Gr
SGSN
Gp
Gi
PDN
GGSN
Gn
MAP-F
EIR
GGSN
Other PLMN
Signalling Interface
Signalling and Data Transfer Interface
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 12
TE
Um
Packet
network
PSTN
BSC
MSC
Gb
Packet
Inter-PLMN
network
Backbone
network
Serving GPRS
Support Node
Gn
(SGSN)
Border
Gateway (BG)
Intra-PLMN
backbone
network
(IP based)
Gp
Firewall Point-ToMultipoint
Service
Center
(PTM SC)
Gn
Gr
Gs
Gd
Packet
SS7
network
Network
Gs
GPRS
INFRASTRUCTURE
Gateway GPRS
Support Node
(GGSN)
EIR
Corporate 1
Server
MAP-F
Firewall
Gi.IP
Gi.X.25
Data
Packet
network
network
(X.25)
SMS-GMSC
Gd
Router
Firewall
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Gr
HLR/AuC
Data
Packet
network
network
(Internet)
Local
area
network
Corporate 2
Server
Router
Local
area
network
MS
X
X
BSS
SGSN
X
X
GGSN
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Mobility Management:
X
X
X
X
X
X
HLR
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
PDP type
(e.g., IP, X.25)
PDP address (static, e.g. 128.200.192.64)
Subscribed QoS (level 14)
Dynamic address allowed
VPLMN address allowed
GGSN address
Screening information (optional)
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 15
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 16
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 17
Main functions
Inter-PLMN backbone
Connects GPRS operators via BGs
Provides international GPRS roaming
Operators decide the backbone in the roaming agreement
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 20
1-slot
MS RX
MS TX
MS RX
MS TX
MS RX
MS TX
4
0
1 2
Monitor
2-slot
2
7
1 2
Monitor
3-8 -slot
2
7
5
2
Monitor
3 slots:
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 22
4th slot:
5th slot:
3. GPRS operations
3.1 Security: Basic security rules
Authentication, key management, ciphering
3.2 GPRS attach
3.3 Data transmission
MO, MT, MO+MT
3.4 Mobility management
3.5 Interworking with GSM services
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 23
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 25
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 26
BSC
BSC
SGSN
BG
HPLMN
SGSN
BG
In t r a -P L M N
backbone
n e tw o rk
(IP b a s e d )
In t r a -P L M N
backbone
n e tw o rk
( IP b a s e d )
GGSN
GGSN
DPaat ca k e t
nneet wt wo or kr k
(In te r n e t)
C o rp o ra te
S erve r
R o u te r
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 27
BTS
Local
a re a
n e tw o r k
VPLM N
BSC
BSC
SGSN
BG
HPLMN
SGSN
BG
In tr a -P L M N
backbone
n e tw o rk
( IP b a s e d )
In t r a -P L M N
backbone
n e tw o rk
(IP b a s e d )
GGSN
GGSN
DPaat ca k e t
nneet wt wo or kr k
(In te rn e t)
C o rp o ra te
S e rv e r
R o u te r
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 28
BTS
Local
a re a
n e tw o r k
VPLMN
BSC
BSC
SGSN
BG
HPLMN
SGSN
SGSN
BG
In tr a -P L M N
backbone
n e tw o r k
(IP b a s e d )
In t r a -P L M N
backbone
n e tw o r k
(IP b a s e d )
GGSN
GGSN
DPaat ca k e t
nneet wt wo or kr k
(In te r n e t)
BTS
BSC
C o rp o ra te
S erve r
R o u te r
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 29
BTS
Local
are a
n e tw o r k
VPLM N
IDLE:
MS is not known by the network (SGSN)
STANDBY:
MSs location is known in accuracy of Routing Area
MS can utilize DRX (to save battery)
MS must inform its location after every Routing
Area change (no need to inform if MS changes
from one cell to another within same Routing Area)
Before the network can perform MT data transfer
MS must be paged within the Routing Area
MS may initiate MO data transfer at any time
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 30
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 31
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 32
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 35
4. Special issues
4.1. SMS
4.2. Charging
4.3. O&M
4.4. Supplementary services
4.5. Quality of Service
4.6. Performance
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 36
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 37
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 38
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 39
BSC
In te r - o p e r a to r 's G P R S
bac kbone m anagem ent
P acket
In te r - o p e r a to r
b na cek tb w
o n oe r k
n e tw o r k
SGSN
GPRS
backbo ne
n e tw o r k
( IP b a s e d )
IP
ROUTER
O p e r a to r B 's G P R S
backbone m anagem ent
GGSN
O p e r a to r A 's G P R S
bac kbone m anagem ent
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 40
D a ta n e tw o r k
m anagem ent
DPaatac k e t
n ne etwt wo or kr k
( In te r n e t)
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 41
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 42
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 43
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 45
Background tasks
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 46
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 47
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 48
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 49
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 50
More subsribers
New services
New applications
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 51
Lower cost
Flat rate or volume based billing
Or no cost
via anonymous access (somebody else pays the bill)
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 52
If the users are paying little (or nothing), how does this
make profit to the operator?
Not the high cost per time but the large number of packets
Somebody else may pay the bill (e.g. anonymous access)
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 53
per day
per hour
per sec
per sec
372
15,5
4,3
34,3
GB/d
GB/h
MB/s
Mbps
per year
per day
per hour
per sec
per sec
43800
120
30
8,3
66,7
GB/a
GB/d
GB/h
MB/s
Mbps
Number of time
slots needed
6667 TSs
Carrier
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 54
833 Carriers
average 10 kbps/TS
6. GPRS Standardization
GPRS Phase 1: Release 97
Basic set of GPRS functionality
Optional features
GPRS Phase 2: GPRS for UMTS
Certain issues defined in stage 1 documents are not
included in the first release of the GPRS standard
New requirements have been pointed out for UMTS
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 55
Title
01.60
Stage 1
02.60
General GPRS Overview
10.60
GPRS standarsisation status and overview
Stage 2
03.60
03.64
03.61
03.62
New Stage 3
04.60
Radio stage 3: RLC/MAC Radio Protocol
04.61
PTM-M Services (not existing yet)
04.62
PTM-G Services (not existing yet)
04.64
LLC
04.65
SNDCP
07.60
User Interworking
08.18
BSSGP: The Gb Interface
08.16
Gb Network Service
08.14
Gb Layer 1
09.16
Gs Layer 2
09.18
Gs Layer 3
09.60
GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP): Gn & Gp Interface
09.61
External Interworking Networks
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IP TECH SCHOOL seminar / 23.11.1998 / slide 57