Concepts of ICT

Proper Handling of Computers

Keyboard and Mouse Operation
Windows Environment
File Management

CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

What is Data?
a collection of independent raw

facts, numbers, letters, symbols

Refers to the facts and figures

relating to events that take

place

3. Online
opinion
refers
to things
known

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

What is Information?
Information is data that is made
meaningful based on the needs of the
user through manipulation.
A computer can only process
data and create new data.
The data have to be
interpreted to yield the
information

3. Online opinion

1 +1 =

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

Desirable Qualities of Information

Relevance
Completeness

TIMELINESS

3. Online opinion

EC
TI

VE

AC
CU
RA
CY

Cost Effective

S
ES
EN
ET

Accuracy

L
MP
CO

Timeliness

V
E
EL
R

E
C
N
A

CO
ST
EF
F

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

Data Processing Concepts

Input-Process-Output Model
Refers to a conceptual framework wherein input in the

form of data is processed which would result in the

generation of an output in the form of information .
DATA

INPUT

INFORMATION

PROCESS
3. Online
opinion

OUTPUT

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

Data Processing Cycles

Processing

Input
Preparation

Flow of data from

the moment it is
recorded until the
time it becomes a
usable piece of
information

Output
Preparation

Feedback
Origination

Storage

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

What is Information Technology?

Information Technology (IT) is the totality of
means employed to systematically collect, process,
store, present, and share information, in support of
human intellectual activities.
Information Technology is also known as
Information and Communications Technology
(ICT)

3. Online opinion

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

What is Communication
Technology?

The electronic transfer of information from one location to

another
DATA COMMUNICATIONS or DATACOM refers to digital
transmission.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS or TELECOM refers to a mix of
voice and data, both analog and digital
NETWORKING refers specifically to LANs
and WANs. Transmission of information
over the network

WAN

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

What is Computer?
Computer is an electronic data processing machine
capable of performing mathematical and logical
operations and processing large volumes of data at
high speed

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

Capabilities of Computer
Ability to perform arithmetic and logical operations
Ability to store and retrieve information
Ability to handle large volumes of repetitive tasks
accurately
Can communicate with its operators and other
machines.
Capable of remote processing

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

Limitations of Computer
Information is provided by a human being
Can detect but cannot correct an inaccurate entry
by itself
Subject to occasional breakdown

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

Computer System Components

Dataware
The systematic and organized collection of data and procedures
relevant to the organization
Peopleware
The personnel who manage the EDP system, who design
applications, who write and encode the programs
Hardware
The computer and all of its physical components such as disk
drives, printer, input terminals
Software
The non-physical components such as computer programs,
computer language and operating system

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

The Dataware

Specifies the manner in which data will be obtained

and prepared

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

The Peopleware

Personnel involved in the design, development,

installation and maintenance of computer

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

The Hardware

Refers to the equipment/devices that make the

computer system perform one or more functions
Computer and all of its other physical components

Functional Components
Input Devices
Output Devices
Central Processing Unit
Secondary Storage Unit
Data Communication Devices

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

Input Devices

Handle the entering in of programs and data

through the keyboard or other input devices

Keyboard

Mouse

Joystick and wheel

Touch Screen

Stylus and Digital Pen

Digital Camera and Web Camera
Bar Code Reader

Scanner

Image source: Discovering Computers 2008

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

Output Devices

Translate the result of computer processing into

human readable form through the monitor or printer

Image source: Discovering Computers 2008

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

Central Processing Unit

Heart of the computer which handles the entire

operation of the system
Also known as the central processor and sometimes
the brain of the computer system

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

Storage

Also known as the secondary memory which serves

as the storage area of the computer system

Image source: Discovering Computers 2008

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

The Parts of the Computer

image from http://www.pcguide.com/intro/over.htm

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

The Parts of the Computer

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

The Parts of the Computer

(Internal Parts of System Unit)

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

The Software

Refers to the non-physical components, such as the

operating system and the machine coded instructions
that direct and control the different hardware
facilities

Types of Software

System Software

Application Software

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

System Software

Provides an interface between the programmers and operators

and between the hardware system and the application
software
Operating Systems
Supervises the overall operation of the computer, controls the
flow of programs in and out of the system, switches
input/output machines and calls program from storage

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology

Application Software

Refers to programs designed to perform specific data

processing tasks for a particular application
Usually written by the vendor or user that contains the logic to
update and maintain a companys records or files to ease the
burden of day-to-day operation of the company

Proper Use of Computers

Ergonomics
The science of designing equipment for a comfortable
and safe working environment.

Proper Computer Ergonomics

Sit up straight and lean forward slightly from the waist.
Keep your feet flat on the floor.
Your body should be about a hands length from the front of
the keyboard and centered with the keyboard.

Proper Use of Computers

Place all materials you will type on the right side of

the computer and supplies on the left side.
Keep any items you are not using off your desk.
Occasionally rest your eyes and take short breaks.
Avoid lights that cause glare on the monitor.

Proper Use of Computers

Keep your fingers on the home row keys and curved.

Keep your wrists up, not touching the keyboard or desk.
Focus your eyes on the book, copy or screen.

Proper Use of Computers

VDT Syndrome
VDT Syndrome
Is health problem caused by wrong use of the
computer and once

VDT's (Visual Display Terminals)placeasignificantlevel

ofstrainonoureyes.Anyonewhousesoneoftencan
attesttothisfact.Insomestudies,upto80%ofVDT
usersreport'ComputerVisionSyndrome'symptomsof
eyestrain.Thereasonforthisprevalencecomesfrom
bothergonomicandphysiologicfactors.
-http://www.visionarts.ca/vdtuse.htm

Proper Use of Computers

VDT Syndromes
VDT Syndromes are as follows.
Carpal tunnel syndrome: Pain at the hand and the
wrist and fingers become numbed.
Myofascial pain syndrome: Stiffness or sharp pain
at the back of neck, shoulder or waist.
Turtle neck syndrome: Forms a bent back pose
with head forward.
Visual system indisposition syndrome: Loss of
sights or develop eye diseases like keratitis or
conjunctivitis.

Proper Use of Computers

Preventing VDT
Ergonomics is the science of designing equipment of a
safe and comfortable working environment. Computer
Ergonomics is about things that you can do to make
working on a computer more comfortable and safer for
your body.
Ergonomic factors are now fairly well understood by
most VDT users: have a comfortable chair, good lighting
(free of glare), quality monitor with high refresh rate,
http://www.visionarts.ca/vdtuse.htm
etc.

Proper Use of Computers

Preventing VDT
Lower the monitor and increase room humidity.
Place the computer 10~20 degrees below the eye
level.
Wear protective glasses.
Take 15mins break for every hour.
Distance from user to monitor should be more than
50cm, your fingertips touching the monitor when
stretched out.
Choose monitor or computer models that produce
less electromagnetic waves.

Proper Use of Computers

Preventing VDT
Preventing VDT
Clean the monitors to prevent reflection from stains
or dusts.
Use blinds or curtains to prevent from monitor to
reflect lights.
Lower the brightness of the monitor.
Avoid colors that provokes the eyes.
Sit properly at the chair with your back straight and
body close to the desk.
Feet should be placed on the floor and relaxed. Do
not cross your legs..

Proper Use of Computers

VDT Prevention Daily Exercise

Arm Exercise

Wrist Exercise

Neck Exercise

Shoulder Exercise

Whole Body Exercise

Proper Use of Computers

Proper Workstation Design

1. Position in a well-ventilated room.
2. Use an adjustable workstation: ergonomic computer
chairs.
3. Place the monitor 16 to 24 inches away, at eye level or
slightly at a lower angle. Tilt the monitor or adjust the
light source. Adjust the brightness and contrast
settings.
4. Use extendable/retractable legs of the keyboard.
5. Mouse must be easily accessible by your dominant
hand.
6. Use a document holder to minimize vertical head
movements.

Proper Use of Computers

Proper Workstation Design

Position in a well-ventilated room
Use a document holder to
minimize vertical head movements
Use an adjustable workstation:
ergonomic computer chairs.

http://www.funonthenet.in/images/stories/forwards/correct%20postures/posture1.jpg

Proper Use of Computers

Good Posture

http://www.funonthenet.in/images/stories/forwards/correct%20postures/posture1.jpg

Proper Use of Computers

Good Posture

http://www.funonthenet.in/images/stories/forwards/correct%20postures/posture1.jpg

Proper Use of Computers

Good Posture

http://www.funonthenet.in/images/stories/forwards/correct%20postures/posture1.jpg

Proper Use of Computers

Good Working Habits

Tap on the keys/mouse buttons gently.
Avoid long, uninterrupted periods of typing.
Take short stretch breaks, ideally every 20 minutes, to
prevent fatigue.
Avoid staring at the monitor for long periods.
Take vision breaks: Focus on objects at least 20 feet away.
Do eye exercises.

MOUSE AND KEYBOARD

OPERATIONS

Mouse and Keyboard Operations

Mouse Operations
A mouse is a handheld pointing device for computers. It is fitted
with one or more buttons and shaped to fit naturally under the
hand, and is used to select and move objects on the screen.
Mouse Pointer: Often in the form of an arrow, represents the
movement of the mouse or any pointing device on the screen.
Used to point to selected areas, icons, applications, text, objects,
etc.

Mouse and Keyboard Operations

Mouse Operations

Point. Moving the mouse to the desired location and pointing to the object.
Click. Pressing the left mouse button
Double Click. Pressing the left mouse button twice. Used to start or open an
application
Drag. Holding down the left mouse button while moving the mouse
Click and Drag. Action for highlighting a selection. Point the mouse button at
the start of the selection, and then click and drag the mouse to the end of the
selection.
Drag and Drop. Action for moving an object or selection. Click on the object
and hold down the mouse button, drag the object to desired location, and drop
to the new destination by releasing the mouse button.

Mouse and Keyboard Operations

Pointers
Different pointers you will encounter:
Mouse pointer (Normal Arrow): Appears if you have a mouse
installed and it is used to point or to select a command or objects.
Resizing Arrow: Two-headed arrow that appears at the window
borders to resize a window.
Insertion Arrow/Cursor: The I-beam that you usually see when
you are working on a document, showing the exact
location/position where you can type or insert text or graphic.

Mouse and Keyboard Operations

Keyboard

Software
A set of instructions the computer uses to tell the
hardware what to do - - enables particular tasks

Operating System
a Graphical User Interface that can run many
programs simultaneously and allows its user to
manipulate and interact more freely

Windows is the most common

The Desktop
Icons

Start
Button
Task Bar

Windows
Active
window

Title Bar

Scroll Bar

Start Menu

Minimize,
Maximize,
Close

Inactive
window

Storage Devices

Floppy Disc
CD Rom
Flash Drive

Safety & Cautions

Safe shut down

Viruses, spyware
Scams, hoaxes
Security, privacy

FILE MANAGEMENT

File Management
The operating system provides an organizational
structure for the computers contents
Hierarchical structure of directories
Drives
Folders
Subfolders
Files

File Management

Viewing and Sorting

Files and Folders
Flip
3D

Viewing and Sorting

Files and Folders
Details view

Viewing and Sorting

Files and Folders

Large
Icon
view

61

Viewing and Sorting

Files and Folders
Other views available

Tiles view
List view
Small and Medium Icons view

Viewing and Sorting

Files and Folders
Tiles view displays files and folders as icons in list form. Each
icon includes the filename, the application associated with the
file, and the file size. The display information is customizable.
The Tiles view also displays picture dimensions, a handy feature
for Web-page developers.
List view is another display of even smaller icons and filenames.
This is a good view if you have a lot of content in the folder and
need to see most or all of it at once.
Small and Medium Icon views also displays files and folders as
icons in list form, but the icons are either a small or medium size
and include no other file information than the filename. However,
additional file information is displayed in a ScreenTip.

Naming Files
Filename: Name assigned
plus filename extension
Characters not legal in
Windows filenames:
/\*?<>|:
Character not legal in Mac
filenames:
:

Bioreport.doc
or
Bio report.doc

Filename Extensions
Extension

Type of Document

Application

.doc

Word-processing document

Microsoft Word 2003

.docx

Word-processing document

Microsoft Word 2007

.wks

Word-processing document

Microsoft Works word

processing

.wpd

Word-processing document

Corel WordPerfect

.xls

Spreadsheet

Microsoft Excel

.slr

Spreadsheet

Microsoft Works
spreadsheet

.mdb

Database

Microsoft Access

.ppt

PowerPoint Presentation

Microsoft PowerPoint

.pdf

Portable Document Format

Adobe Acrobat or Adobe

Reader

Filename Extensions (cont.)

Extension

Type of Document

Application

.rtf

Text

Any program that can

read text documents

.txt

Text

Any program that can

read text documents

.htm or .html Web page

HyperText Markup
Language

.bmp

Bitmap image

Windows

.zip

Compressed file

WinZip

66

File Path
File path: Location of the file

You can tell the location of a file by its file path. The file path starts with the
drive in which the file is located, and includes all folders, subfolders (if any), the
filename, and extension. For example, if you were saving a picture of Emily
Bront for a term paper for an English Comp course, the file path might be
C:\My Documents\Spring 2009\English Comp\Term
Paper\Illustrations\EBronte.jpg.

Working with Files

File management actions:

Open
Copy
Move
Rename
Delete

Recycle Bin

Working with Files

Once youve located your file with Windows Explorer, you can perform many
other file management actions, such as opening, copying, moving, and
deleting files.
You open a file by clicking the file in its storage location. The operating system
then determines which application needs to be loaded to open the requested
file and opens the file within the correct application automatically.
You can copy a file to another location using the Copy command. When you
copy a file, a duplicate file is created and the original file remains in its original
location.
To move a file from one location to another, you use the Move command.
When you move a file, the original file is deleted from its original location.
The Recycle Bin is a folder on the desktop where files deleted from the hard
drive reside until you permanently purge them from your system. Files in the
recycle bin can be easily restored to their original location.
Files deleted from other drives, such as a floppy drive, CD, flash drive, or
network drive, do not go to the Recycle Bin, but are deleted from the system
immediately.

Utility Programs
Small programs that perform special functions:
Manage system resources
Create pleasant environment
Improve efficiency

Utility programs are small applications that perform special functions.

Some utility programs help manage system resources (such as disk defragmenter
utilities), others help make your time and work on the computer more pleasant (such
as screen savers), and still others improve efficiency (such as file compression
utilities).

Display Utilities
Change the appearance of:
Desktop
Windows colors
Font sizes

Includes:
Screen savers
Screen resolution
Clear Type

Add or Remove Programs

Installation wizard
Uninstall wizard:
Programs cannot simply be deleted

File Compression Utilities

Reduce the size of a file
Takes out redundancies
Makes it easier and faster to send files over the
Internet

System Maintenance Utilities

Disk cleanup: Cleans unnecessary files

System Maintenance Utilities

Disk defragmenter
ScanDisk:
Error-checker

Task Manager

Disk defragmenter utilities regroup related pieces of files together on the hard disk,
allowing the OS to work more efficiently. Using the Windows Disk Defragmenter
Analyzer feature, users should check their hard drive several times a year.
Error-checking, once known as ScanDisk, checks for lost files and fragments as well
as physical errors on your hard drive. Sometimes Error-checking can recover the lost
data, but, more often, it deletes the files that are taking up space unnecessarily.
If a program on your system has stopped working, you can use the Windows Task
Manager utility to check on the program or to exit the nonresponding program.

System Restore
Restores system settings to specific date

Windows Vista has a utility called System Restore that lets

you restore your system settings back to a specific date when
everything was working properly.

System Backup
Backup
Creates copy of hard drive to another storage device

Task Scheduler
Runs selected utilities automatically
When you use the Windows Backup utility, you create a duplicate copy of all
the data on your hard disk and copy it to another storage device, such as a CD
or external hard drive.
The Windows Task Scheduler utility allows you to schedule tasks to run
automatically at predetermined times, with no interaction necessary on your
part.

Activity :
1. Definition of Hardware
2. Definition Of Software
3. Definition of CPU
4. Definition of RAM
5. Information Processing Cycle
(Draw the Cycle)

Acknowledgment

End of presentation